非线性参数平差的一个新途径

在分析顾及一阶偏导致的非线性参数平差的近似直接解法与迭代解法基础上,提出顾及到二阶偏导数的非线性参数平差的一种新的计算公式。由于非线性度量曲率立体阵的引入,使得平差计算公式表达简洁,而且便于非线性平差本质的分析。最终算例分析说明该方法的有效性及实用性。     

DTP系统环境下地图的制作与出版

彩色地图的出版印刷和一般的彩色图文的出版印刷有很多相似之处 ,但也有不同之处。本实验选择了一幅有代表性的地图 ,图内要素不仅包括水系 ,道路 ,居民地和等高线 ,而且还有分层设色 ,图外还有彩色附图和文字说明。尝试运用常用桌面出版系统制作 ,直接得到 5张 A4幅面的分色晒版胶片 (黄、品红、青、黑和棕专色 )。实验结果证明 ,桌面出版系统软件功能较全面 ,可以制作和出版地图 ,尤其是适合制作和出版带有广告 ,彩色图片的专题地图和影像地图     

开放数据库互联与地理信息系统

论述了开放数据库互联的基本原理 ,从技术角度探讨了在地理信息系统中应用开放数据库互联技术的实际价值 ,并建立了一个在客户 /服务器模式下两者集成的可行性模型。     

基于PSInSAR的成都地区地表沉降空间分布研究

针对成都地区土地规划利用的需要,采用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(Permanent Scatterer InSAR,PSInSAR)对成都地区地表沉降空间分布情况进行了实验研究。结果表明,在该研究时段内研究区域最大沉降量达到24 mm,最大抬升量达到18 mm。研究区西北至东南方向地表在研究时段内发生了抬升,东北至西南方向出现了地表沉降现象,并对可能造成地表沉降的主要原因进行了分析。     

基于网站群理念和架构的国家土地督察网站群建设实践

随着政府网站的建设和发展,网站群已成为电子政务发展的一种新模式。本文对立足于网站群理念和架构的国家土地督察网站群的建设实践进行了介绍,详解了国家土地督察网站群建设思想、建设原则、总体框架、技术路线、信息分类和栏目规划等。国家土地督察网站群为政府网站群的建设积累了有益经验。     

Revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the general public's panic levels during the pandemic crisis in China

The existing crisis management research mostly reveals the patterns of the public's panic levels from the perspectives of public management, sociology, and psychology, only a few studies have revealed the spatiotemporal characteristics. Therefore, this study investigates the spatial distribution and temporal patterns and influencing factors on the general public's panic levels using the Baidu Index data from a geographic perspective. The results show that: (1) The public's panic levels were significantly correlated with the spatial distance between the epicenter and the region of investigation, and with the number of confirmed cases in different regions when the pandemic began to spread. (2) Based on the spatial distance between the epicenter and the region, the public's panic levels in different regions could be divided into three segments: core segment (0–500 km), buffer segment (500–1300 km), and peripheral segment (>1300 km). The panic levels of different people in the three segments were consistent with the Psychological Typhoon Eye Effect and the Ripple Effect can be detected in the buffer segment. (3) The public's panic levels were strongly correlated with whether the spread of the infectious disease crisis occurred and how long it lasted. It is suggested that crisis information management in the future needs to pay more attention to the spatial division of control measures. The type of crisis information released to the general public should depend on the spatial relationship associated with the place where the crisis breaks out.     

The determination of potential difference by the joint application of measured and synthetical gravity data: a case study in Hungary

In an elementary approach every geometrical height difference between the staff points of a levelling line should have a corresponding average g value for the determination of potential difference in the Earth’s gravity field. In practice this condition requires as many gravity data as the number of staff points if linear variation of g is assumed between them. Because of the expensive fieldwork, the necessary data should be supplied from different sources. This study proposes an alternative solution, which is proved at a test bed located in the Mecsek Mountains, Southwest Hungary, where a detailed gravity survey, as dense as the staff point density (~1 point/34 m), is available along a 4.3-km-long levelling line. In the first part of the paper the effect of point density of gravity data on the accuracy of potential difference is investigated. The average g value is simply derived from two neighbouring g measurements along the levelling line, which are incrementally decimated in the consecutive turns of processing. The results show that the error of the potential difference between the endpoints of the line exceeds 0.1 mm in terms of length unit if the sampling distance is greater than 2 km. Thereafter, a suitable method for the densification of the decimated g measurements is provided. It is based on forward gravity modelling utilising a high-resolution digital terrain model, the normal gravity and the complete Bouguer anomalies. The test shows that the error is only in the order of 10⁻³mm even if the sampling distance of g measurements is 4 km. As a component of the error sources of levelling, the ambiguity of the levelled height difference which is the Euclidean distance between the inclined equipotential surfaces is also investigated. Although its effect accumulated along the test line is almost zero, it reaches 0.15 mm in a 1-km-long intermediate section of the line.     

地铁盾构施工对临近隧道底板沉降影响分析

随着城市地下交通现代化建设的进程,多条地下铁路在地下立交的情况已越来越多.盾构施工难免会引起已建隧道底板的沉降变化.本文结合一实例,介绍了施工期间的沉降观测方法,对可能引起底板变形的原因进行了分析,对指导类似盾构施工起了实际的指导意义.     

Using gravity and topography-implied anomalies to assess data requirements for precise geoid computation

Many regions around the world require improved gravimetric data bases to support very accurate geoid modeling for the modernization of height systems using GPS. We present a simple yet effective method to assess gravity data requirements, particularly the necessary resolution, for a desired precision in geoid computation. The approach is based on simulating high-resolution gravimetry using a topography-correlated model that is adjusted to be consistent with an existing network of gravity data. Analysis of these adjusted, simulated data through Stokes’s integral indicates where existing gravity data must be supplemented by new surveys in order to achieve an acceptable level of omission error in the geoid undulation. The simulated model can equally be used to analyze commission error, as well as model error and data inconsistencies to a limited extent. The proposed method is applied to South Korea and shows clearly where existing gravity data are too scarce for precise geoid computation.