Spatiotemporal dynamics of land cover and their impacts on potential dust source regions in the Tarim Basin,NW China

Human-driven dynamics of land cover types in the Tarim Basin are able to affect potential dust source regions and provide particles for dust storms. Analyses about dynamics of potential dust source regions are useful for understanding the effects of human activities on the fragile ecosystem in the extremely arid zone and also provide scientific evidence for the rational land development in the future. This paper therefore selected the Tarim Basin, NW China, as a representative study area to reveal spatiotemporal dynamics of land cover and their impacts on potential dust source regions. The results showed that farmland, desert and forest increased by 28.63, 0.64 and 29.27%, while grassland decreased by 10.29% during 1990–2010. The largest reclamation, grassland loss and desertification were 639.17 × 10³, 2350.42 × 10³ and 1605.86 × 10³ ha during 1995–2000. The relationship between reclamation and grassland loss was a positive correlation, while a highly positive correlation was 0.993 between the desertification and grassland loss at different stages. The most serious dust source region was the desertification during 1990–2010 (1614.58 thousand ha), and the serious region was stable desert (40,631.21 thousand ha). The area of the medium and low dust source region was 499.08 × 10³ and 2667.27 × 10³ ha. Dramatic reclamation resulted in the desertification by destroying natural vegetation and breaking the balance of water allocation in various regions.     

青海省化隆县柏木峡地区找矿前景探析

青海省化隆县柏木峡地区构造及岩浆岩发育,根据在该区实施的1∶2．5万水系沉积物测量结果,各元素异常套合好,同时在异常区见有金矿化点及铅矿化点,认为该区成矿条件优越,找矿前景较好。     

藏北羌塘中北部红脊山地区蓝闪石+硬柱石变质矿物组合的特征及其意义

蓝闪石+硬柱石是羌塘中北部红脊山地区首次发现的呈北西—南东走向展布的硬柱蓝闪片岩带中典型的低温高压变质矿物组合。蓝闪石呈浅蓝灰色,纤柱状;硬柱石无色,多呈团块状,较均匀地与蓝闪石混杂分布。电子探针分析表明,蓝闪石主要为铁蓝闪石和青铝闪石,硬柱石为较典型的硬柱石。硬柱蓝闪片岩呈(透镜状)构造岩块分布,与围岩呈断层接触,原岩主要为变质玄武岩及少量辉(长)绿岩、基性火山碎屑岩,围岩为变质砂岩、板岩和少量碳酸盐岩。红脊山硬柱蓝闪片岩带伴有构造混杂岩发育,二者共存构成红脊山地区北羌塘甜水河陆块与南羌塘查多岗日陆块之间的分界线。     

攀西会理群的碳酸盐滑积岩等深积岩及其构造条件浅析

本文通过对岩石的原生沉积构造和结构成分的研究,确定了浅变质岩系中碳酸盐复理石——野复理石建造的主要岩石成囡类型,有滑积岩、崩塌跌积岩和等深积岩所组成,由重力崩落、碎屑流、液化沉积物流和浊流所形成。它们的岩相特征表明当时沉积盆地中存在水下缓坡和陡崖以及与之并存的深水槽盆,是同沉积构造活动的产物。 上列岩石的物质组成特点是内外源混积,构成砂质(或含砂)碳酸盐浊积岩系列。将统计之石英、长石(少量),砾屑含量投影于Schwab的三端元图上,表明是台地断陷或断块复活的产物。因此滑积岩、崩塌跌积岩等可作为指示盆地同沉积断裂活动历史的地质参数。     

Use of rare earth element patterns to trace the provenance of the atmospheric dust near Beijing, China

Atmospheric dust is one of the important indicators of urban air quality. In this study, atmospheric dust and topsoil samples were collected monthly from four sites in Beijing and surrounding areas, and analyzed for rare earth elements (REEs). Total REE concentrations (∑REE) in the dusts ranged from 43.10 to 164.43 mg kg^?1; concentrations in Beijing and Miyun were higher than those in Zhangbei and Fengning. Most of sampling sites showed the same seasonal depletion in dust ∑REE concentrations in summer, probably caused by the “dilution effect” of added organic matter in summertime samples. Most of the dusts have consistent Ce-anomaly (Ce/Ce*) values (0.91–1.00) and Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*) values (0.93–1.36); some dusts show slight positive Eu anomalies. The REE patterns of both the dusts and topsoils (normalized to post-Archean shales from Australia, PASS) show different signatures at different sites, whereas the temporal patterns are consistent at each site. These results suggest that local topsoils are likely to be the main provenance of the dusts in the study area.     

A Review of Magnesium Isotope System in Rivers

In recent years, a series of important progresses have been made in the aspect of magnesium isotopes behavior in weathering processes. These progresses are not only favorable to understand the change of the magnesium isotopic compositions in rivers, but also establish the foundation to further reveal the magnesium isotope geochemical cycle. The magnesium in rivers is both magnesium sink for weathering and magnesium source for the ocean. The Mg isotopic compositions in rivers are dominated by the magnesium sources and Mg isotope fractionations processes. The sources of magnesium in rivers originate mainly from draining rocks, as well as less contribution from the eolian deposition, groundwater, plant debris, and precipitation. The Mg isotope fractionations in rivers are mainly related to precipitation and dissolution of carbonate minerals, silicate mineral hydrolysis, adsorption on mineral or colloidal matter surface, and plant uptake. Generally, the contribution of carbonate minerals dissolution or precipitation is equal to add or reduce magnesium from carbonate endmember, which has a remarkably negative δ²⁶Mg value. Based on the fact that most clay minerals are rich in ²⁶Mg during nature silicate mineral hydrolysis, then it is possible to infer that residual weathering products enrich in ²⁶Mg. However, there is no significant Mg isotope fractionation causing by the adsorption on mineral or colloidal matter surface during river water migration. For the plant uptake, the root prefers to have ²⁶Mg, leading the plant itself rich in heavier Mg isotopic composition. In addition, formation of secondary minerals in rivers could also reflect the changes of chemical parameters in rivers (such as major elements, CO₂ solubility, pH, etc.). Hence, Mg isotopic composition in rivers and associated isotope fractionations are not only the basis for the application of magnesium isotope to trace surface material cycle, but also have important significance for the further understanding the geochemical cycle of magnesium isotopes.     

岩溶区生态恢复与重建的初步效果及意义

介绍了中国-斯洛文尼亚科技合作项目《利用有益动物繁殖系统进行岩溶地区的休养再生示范》实施的背景与岩溶区生态恢复重建的思路。通过试验,已找到桂北岩溶区适生的优良牧草和灌木品种。研究发现,这些品种对岩溶区的物种多样性、生态级别、土壤养分、土壤特性、土壤水涵养性等均有明显的改善作用,为中国南方岩溶区生态恢复与重建提供了科学依据。     

黄土塬区包气带土壤CO2的特征及成因

本文对甘肃省灵台县秋射村黄土包气带土壤CO₂浓度及其δ¹³C、土壤含水量及细菌总数等指标进行了观测。研究结果表明黄土剖面中土壤CO₂浓度远高于大气,不同黄土-古土壤层位的浓度有所差异,但没有明显的规律性。包气带-饱水带界面附近S₁₄层位的CO₂浓度最高,达4180μmol/mol。土壤CO₂的δ¹³C主要集中在-21.31‰~-15.37‰之间,与1/[CO₂]成正相关（r=0.7411）。表明灵台秋射剖面黄土CO₂除来源于微生物分解土壤有机碳外,也与碳酸盐矿物-H₂O-CO₂化学平衡中碳酸盐沉淀的脱气作用有关。利用两端元混合法估算得到微生物降解有机碳对土壤CO₂的贡献比例为40%~78%（平均65%）,碳酸盐矿物风化/沉积过程对土壤CO₂的贡献比例为22%~60%（平均35%）,有机碳的贡献随深度递减,碳酸盐矿物沉积过程的贡献随深度递增。研究结果进一步证明黄土深层碳库内部碳库之间发生着碳的转化迁移,与大气碳库之间也存在着碳迁移。因此现代碳循环过程给黄土古气候定量重建研究提出了新的挑战与机遇,未来黄土古气候研究需重新审视黄土中物质及能量的现代迁移转化过程。

     

Affinity between Palaeozoic Blocks of Xinjiang and Their Suturing Ages

The Kazakhstanian plate was near the Tarim, Sino-Korean and South China-Southeast Asian plates in the Middle-Late Cambrian and Late Ordovician, and approached the Siberian plate in the other periods of the Early Palaeozoic. The Hi and Toksun-Yamansu terranes had been split from the Tarim plate before the Middle Devonian and then went close to Angaraland in the late Early Permian. The Beishan area on the northeastern margin of the Tarim plate came close to Angaraland first in the early Early Permian. The suturing age between the Tarim and Ka-zakhstanian-Siberian plates is generally the same as that between the Turkey-Central Iran-Gangdise and South China-Southeast Asian plates. The suturing event took place in the early Early Permian, while the corresponding tectogeny occurred between the Early and Late Permian.     

Remote sensing classification approach to large-scale crop cultivation identification: A case study of the Aral Sea Basin

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the crop cultivation structure in the Aral Sea Basin has changed dramatically, and these changes are worth studying. However, historical crop remote sensing mapping at the watershed scale remains challenging, especially crop misclassification at the cropland edge due to mixed pixels. Therefore, we proposed a field segmentation approach to constrain field edges based on time-series Sentinel-2 remote sensing images and the Google Earth Engine platform and then employed the random forest algorithm to perform crop classification based on time series Landsat/Sentinel-2 images and crop phenology information to produce historical crop maps in the Aral Sea Basin from the 1990s onward. The results showed that the intersection over union between the extracted field edges and in situ-measured field size data was 0.65. The overall accuracy of crop mapping was 95.2% in 2019. Then, we extended our method to historical mapping over the 1991–2015 period with accuracies ranging from 82.8% to 91.3%. Moreover, our method applied to historical mapping works well in terms of accuracy and policy matching. These findings indicate that our method can accurately distinguish cropland edges to reduce classification errors due to mixed pixels. This method is promising for solving the cropland edge problem for historical crop mapping in the Aral Sea Basin and can potentially provide a reference for historical crop classification in other watersheds of the world.