1999年9月24日福州震群活动与地震构造的关系

使用双差地震定位法,重新确定了1999年9月24日发生于福州盆地,最大震级为ML3·8的震群序列的148次地震的震源位置,并结合福州市活断层探测的最新成果,探讨了该震群活动与福州盆地深部构造的关系。结果表明,此次震群的震源破裂过程可能主要受北西向断裂的控制,整个震群位于北西向断裂、南北向断裂与北东向断裂相互交汇的地区。     

羌塘地体内部双湖—冈玛错—龙木错构造带地质与地球物理特征

本文概要总结了羌塘地体内部的双湖—冈玛错—龙木错构造带地质与地球物理特征。从地表出露的蓝闪片岩、混杂堆积和生物古地理特征的差异,以及重力异常带分布、Pn波异常特征及地震层析成像等可以看出,双湖—冈玛错—龙木错构造带很可能是冈瓦那大陆和欧亚大陆之间的缝合带。     

韧性剪切带内的流体与岩石相互作用研究进展

构造变形与流体联合控制成矿作用的机制是矿床学界关注的热点问题之一。作为大陆岩石圈中的应变局部化带,剪切带中一般都渗透着大量流体,流体与岩石的相互作用及其化学效应和物理效应,导致了矿物化学不平衡和组分的迁移,引起岩石化学成分重新调整。文章通过对韧性剪切带内的流体作用、剪切带内的成分与体积变化、剪切变形与成矿模拟实验总结,讨论了剪切变形过程中的力学-化学作用、剪切构造应力和流体在构造成岩成矿过程中的行为。因此,要加强构造应力对温度、岩石物理性质、地球化学相平衡和水岩体系的相关参量方面影响的综合研究。     

Relationship between hydraulic conductivity of karst collapse column and its surrounding lithology

Groundwater inrush from karst collapse column (KCC) is a serious water hazard in North China. The factors determining the hydraulic conductivity of KCC remain unclear. This study analyzes the hydraulic conductivity of two KCCs from the same coal mine region and one KCC from different strata and statistically compares lithology-related data for KCCs from 11 coal mines in North China. Finally, we calculated the probability of the hydraulic conductivity of KCC and compared these calculations with field data. The results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of KCC is mostly affected by surrounding lithology formation and closely correlated with mudstone content. When the thickness ratio of mudstone in the surrounding strata is less than 0.5, the hydraulic conductivity of KCC is more likely to be permeable. This observation of the mudstone thickness ratio provided here can be used as a criterion to qualitatively assess the hydraulic conductivity of KCCs.     

Biodegradability of trimethylbenzene isomers under the strictly anaerobic conditions in groundwater contaminated by gasoline

Trimethylbenzene (TMB), as a constituent of gasoline, is often expected to be used as a conservative tracer in anaerobic BTEX-contaminated groundwater site to correct for attenuation due to dispersion, dilution and sorption along a flow path. To evaluate the suitability of using TMB as a tracer and to better understand biodegradability of TMB in contaminated groundwater by gasoline under anaerobic conditions, laboratory microcosms were conducted with mixed nitrate/iron/sulfate electron-acceptor amendments, using aquifer materials collected from Canadian Forces Base (CFB), Borden, Ontario, Canada. The results showed that under denitrifying conditions, biodegradation of 1,3,5-TMB, 1,2,4-TMB and 1,2,3-TMB were relatively slow and after 204 days of incubation approximately 27, 24, and 16% of the initial concentrations, respectively, were degraded in the microcosms. Under sulfate-reducing conditions, TMB isomers were recalcitrant. In contrast, significant biodegradation of TMB was observed under iron-reducing conditions. 1,3,5-TMB, 1,2,4-TMB and 1,2,3-TMB were degraded to 44, 47, and 24% of initial concentrations with first-order biodegradation rate constants of 0.003, 0.006 and 0.013 d⁻¹, respectively. This study indicates that TMB biodegradation is insignificant under nitrate and sulfate-reducing conditions but significant under iron-reducing conditions. Therefore, the use of TMB as a tracer for interpreting removal of other biodegradable gasoline constituents such as BTEX requires caution, especially in the presence of iron-reducing conditions.     

地球化学样品中的硒与砷、锑、铋、汞的原子荧光光谱法同母液测定

在原子荧光光谱法中,通过改进地球化学样品的分解条件、预处理及测定条件,使硒与砷、锑以及铋、汞能在同一母液中测定,而且实现了硒与汞或铋的双道同时测定.方法的检测出限、准确度及精密度均能达到行业要求.     

土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿水平对接井施工工艺

通过对贝帕扎里天然碱矿水平对接井施工工艺的研究,在钻井工艺、漏失地层的处理、下套管通井工具的研制和矿层扩孔工具制作等方面做了改进,确保了施工的正常进行。     

数字台网观测资料中sPn震相的测定与应用

对于发生在地壳内的地震 ,sPn具有与Pn震相到时差与震中距无关以及振幅和周期都比Pn大的运动学和动力学特征 ,利用数字台网观测技术的优势 ,将震中距不同的台的Pn震相对齐后可同时测定多台的sPn震相 ,进而测定该地震的震源深度。这种分析和测定方法简捷准确 ,可在台网的日常近震分析中推广应用。     

渤海湾盆地东营-惠民凹陷古近系孔店组孔二段地震相与沉积相

在胜利油田,深层油气勘探已经成为寻找后备储量的主要方向,但是因为研究程度低而未能取得重大突破。因此,有必要跳出既成思路,针对孔店组作扎实的基础研究。本文以地震地层学的观点和方法,把东营-惠民凹陷孔店组的地震反射看作一个地震层序,并将其划分为三个亚层序(相当于层序地层学中的体系域),分别对应于地层分层上的孔一段、孔二段和孔三段。利用地震反射波的振幅、连续性、内部结构和外部形态等地震反射特征,在具有油气勘探前景的孔二段的地震反射中识别出了中振幅中连续亚平行席状相、杂乱充填相、杂乱-斜交前积相、丘状相、弱振幅中连续楔状相、弱变振幅低连续楔状相及帚状前积相等七种地震相。将地震相转变为沉积相,划分出了湖泊沉积环境的深湖-半深湖、滨浅湖、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇等沉积相,进而预测了有利相带,优选了部分深湖-半深湖相沉积区作为下一步勘探工作的重点目标区域,为今后的勘探工作提出了有益的建议。     

皖北新元古界望山组灰岩微量元素地球化学特征*

为研究皖北新元古界望山组灰岩地球化学特征及地质背景,对该地区灰岩进行了系统的岩石学和微量元素地球化学测试。研究结果表明：望山组灰岩中,元素U、Pb、Sr、Sm富集,Nb、Pr、Zr、Hf明显亏损;稀土总量偏低（6.68～42.78 μg/g）,轻稀土略亏损,Nd_SN/Yb_SN值在0.65～0.91之间变化,轻重稀土分异微弱,灰岩样品均具有程度不同的La和Y正异常。U、Th、Ce等元素特征反映了研究区望山组形成于缺氧的水体环境,Sr/Ba、Sr/Cu值反映了望山组灰岩形成于盐度较大的海水环境和干旱的气候条件;La-Th-Sc和Th-Sc-Zr/10图解指示望山组灰岩可能形成于大陆岛弧环境。