The nutrient forms,cycling and exchange flux in the sediment and overlying water system in lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

This paper is a review of research works concerning the nutrient transportation, transformation and exchange between water, sediment and biota in the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River conducted in the context of project entitled “The Processes and Mechanism of Lake Eutrophication in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River”. All the lakes from this area are shallow lakes. According to the typical lake site research, the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River have a higher baseline of nutrition in the history. Normally the trophic status of these lakes can be categorized into medium-trophic or eutrophic Human activities have been enhanced during the last decades, which speed up the lake eutrophic process. Lake eutrophication control needs to reduce not only the external nutrient inputs from watershed but also the internal loading from the sediments. Investigations revealed that the lake sediments in this area are considerablly high in nutrition in which at most about 30% of phosphorus exists in the form of bio-available in the sediment. The surface sediment will exert great effects on the nutrient exchange between water-sediment interface via adsorption and release of nutrient. The nutrient release from the sediment in these shallow lakes is mainly in two ways, i.e. in the undisturbed condition the nutrient is released through diffusion created by the nutrient gradient from sediment to overlying water; whereas in disturbed condition, the nutrient release is determined by the hydrodynamic forcing intensity and the sediment resuspension. Metallic elements such as the iron, manganese and aluminium and the aerobic-anaerobic ambience will affect the release of nutrients. The disturbed release will increase the total nutrients in the water column significantly in the short period. At the beginning of sediment resuspension, the dissolved nutrient concentration will increase. This increase will be damped if the ferric oxide and aluminium are rich in sediment because of the adsorption and flocculation. This means that the lakes have capability of eliminating the nutrient loadings. Investigations for the lakes from middle and down stream of Yangtze River have suggested that most lakes have the self-cleaning capability. Dredging the control of the internal loading, therefore, is only applicable to the small lakes or undisturbed bays which normally are situated nearby the city or town and rich in organic materials in the sediment. In addition, the strong reduction condition and weak aeration of these lakes and bays make these small lakes and bays release much more bio-available nutrient and without much self-eliminating capability. Moreover, eutrophication induced algal bloom in these lakes will change the pH of water, which further induces the increase in the nutrient release. In turn, the increase in nutrient release promotes the growth of phytoplankton and results in severe algal bloom. For the heavily polluted water, research suggests that the biomass of bacteria and alkaline phosphatase activity will be higher corresponding to the higher concentration of nutrients, which accelerates the nutrient recycling between water, sediment and biota. Quick recycling of nutrient, in turn, promotes the production and biomass growth of microorganism and leads to more severe eutrophication. Further research work should focus on the nutrient transformation mechanism and the effects of microbial loop on the eutrophication.

     

顾及区域属性的不规则似大地水准面的移动窗口拼接方法

针对我国陆地区域似大地水准面具有不等精度性与不规则性特点,提出顾及区域属性的似大地水准面移动窗口拼接算法。采用我国西南某区域的似大地水准面进行拼接试验,验证该算法可行性与可靠性。结果表明,考虑区域属性可增强拼接区域中精度相对高的控制作用,有效削弱拼接区的系统偏差,拼接精度较优于拟合拼接的方法;同时,该算法模型严密、计算效率快。     

The research on division and correlation of stratigraphic sequence based on the “three instantaneous” attribute features of logging data

The stratigraphic division and correlation has important guiding significance to oil and gas field. This paper presents the application of Hilbert-Huang Transform to extract the “three instantaneous” attribute features of logging data (GR,AC) to perform the division and correlation of stratigraphic sequence, that is, the three properties of "instantaneous frequency", "instantaneous amplitude", "instantaneous phase" are extracted from logging data, which revealed the frequency characteristics of each depth of logging data and clearly reflected the structural characteristics of the frequency change. According to the oscillation anomalies of different attributes, we scale sequence boundaries, and use the variation characteristics of oscillation period of different frequency components attributes to scale the periodic characteristics of different scale sequence cycle, then use the “three instantaneous” attribute information for stratigraphic correlation, and for describing the internal features of formation. These attributes anomalies can be used to clearly find the different class interface of stratigraphic sequence, to achieve the sequence division at all levels, and under the control of sequence stratigraphic framework at all levels, we can do the isochronous stratigraphic correlation at all levels. The “three instantaneous” attribute extraction of logging data provides a new approach and idea for high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis, and it has important significance for promoting the development of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.     

珠江三角洲现代水下宏体底栖动物组合特征的初步研究

本文从属种组成及生态分布等方面对该三角洲四个基本单元环境中的底栖动物进行了系统组合分析,并探讨了水深、盐度及水动力等环境因子对底栖动物的控制作用。指出本区底栖动物的生态分布与环境一致;在属种上与水深盐度及沉积速率有关,即河口附近属种单调,随着远离河口水深、盐度的增加,沉积速率的降低而增多,至浅海陆架区丰富。     

New hα survey of chromospherically active binaries

We had observed the high-resolution H profiles of fourteen chromospherically active binaries which are And, 3 Cam, 4 UMi, ² Sgr, Sgr, HR 7333, 33 Psc, UMi, And, UMa, 12 Cam, And, Aur and Dra from August 1990 to August 1991. The H emission and absorption equivalent widths, and the half widths and the radial velocities of these systems were determined. These data have a good supply for the information of the catalog of chromospherically active binary stars. The H profiles of HR 7333, 12 Cam, 4 UMi, UMi and And show marked emission filling in core, but 33 Psc, Sgr, Sgr and And systems show the H as the stronger absorption lines. The observed fourteen binaries presented very different activity levels.     

东北地区积雪反照率特性

利用2017年12月至2018年3月在东北地区获取的82个观测点的积雪反照率数据,从积雪反照率的时序差异、空间特点、影响因素三个方面开展了积雪反照率时空特点研究。结果表明：（1）在时间上,随着积雪积累时间的增加,积雪反照率逐渐降低,最大下降速率为0.003 d^-1。（2）在空间上,积雪反照率在东西方向差异显著,大兴安岭东西两侧地区的积雪反照率均值分别为0.679和0.751;在同一地区内,积雪反照率在雪表层含水量、雪粒径等因素影响下也存在一定差异,大兴安岭西侧地区的积雪反照率北低南高,大兴安岭东侧地区的积雪反照率北高南低。（3）耕地上的农作物留茬对积雪反照率影响较大,短时间内天气变化对积雪反照率影响较小。     

龙感湖水体光学特性的观测

基于2002—2003年秋、夏季原位水下光场巡测及连续定点观测资料分析了龙感湖不同湖区及不同风浪条件下水体的光学特性,探讨了光衰减系数、辐照度比的光谱分布、空间差异及不同风浪条件对水下光场的影响.结果表明,水下光谱在紫光波段衰减最强烈,其次是蓝光,红、绿光衰减最弱,并且向下辐照度衰减系数一般要大于向上辐照度衰减系数.秋季L1-L3点向下辐照度400—700nm波段衰减系数的变化范围分别为0.71—3.60、1.06—3.72、0.78—2.89m-1;光衰减系数的空间分布是位于湖中心的12点要略大于两边的L1、L3点;辐照度比的变化趋势极为一致,最低值出现在短波蓝光波段,最高值出现在550—600nm之间;从小风浪到中风浪、大风浪其PAR衰减系数分别是1.74、2.02、2.45m-1;透明度、衰减系数与悬浮物浓度相关性最好,决定系数在0.7以上,但其变化除受悬浮物影响外还要受制于溶解性有机物和浮游植物;440nm波长衰减系数(Kd(440))与悬浮物(SS)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、叶绿素a(Chl.a)的多元线性回归方程为:Kd(440)=0.514—0.075SS 0.125DOC 0.100Chl.a(R2=0.87,N=8,P≤0.05)     

东南极格罗夫山萨哈罗夫岭漂砾暴露年龄初探

首次对格罗夫山地区漂砾的暴露年龄进行的研究表明,萨哈罗夫岭冰原岛峰的两块漂砾样品的 Be最小暴露年龄分别为1．24±0．11Ma和1．37±0．12Ma, 。A1最小暴露年龄分别为0．90 4-0．12Ma和0．44±0．04Ma。萨哈罗夫岭附近冰面上的漂砾样品的 Be和 A1最小暴露年龄分别是0．47±0．3Ma和0．44±0．04Ma。考虑到误差,萨哈罗夫岭三块漂砾的最小暴露年龄与相近高程的基岩样品的最小暴露年龄基本一致。因此,在利用原地生成宇宙成因核素测年技术对东南极内陆格罗夫山地区的冰川消涨历史进行研究时,基岩和漂砾暴露年龄所反映出的冰川演化历史是明显吻合的。     

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行波输入下连续梁桥纵向墩梁相对位移碰撞效应分析

结合多跨连续梁桥的结构特点,提出了一种能模拟联间碰撞行为的连续梁桥碰撞分析模型.用非线性时程方法对行波输入下连续梁桥的地震碰撞反应进行了参数分析.结果表明:相邻联的周期比对短周期联位移的碰撞效应较大,考虑地震行波输入时伸缩缝处的碰撞效应可能会大幅度增大墩梁的相对位移,从而增大了地震作用下发生落梁的风险;墩梁相对位移随滑动支座摩阻系数的增大而减小.最后提出用一个碰撞效应增大系数来考虑连续梁桥相互碰撞对墩梁相对位移的影响,利用碰撞效应增大系数的概念为连续梁桥防止落梁的设计提供了一个新的思路.