Phytoremediation of heavy metal‐contaminated water and sediment by Eleocharis acicularis

Phytoremediation is an environmental remediation technique that takes advantage of plant physiology and metabolism. The unique property of heavy metal hyperaccumulation by the macrophyte Eleocharis acicularis is of great significance in the phytoremediation of water and sediments contaminated by heavy metals at mine sites. In this study, a field cultivation experiment was performed to examine the applicability of E. acicularis to the remediation of water contaminated by heavy metals. The highest concentrations of heavy metals in the shoots of E. acicularis were 20 200 mg Cu/kg, 14 200 mg Zn/kg, 1740 mg As/kg, 894 mg Pb/kg, and 239 mg Cd/kg. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the shoots correlate with their concentrations in the soil in a log‐linear fashion. The bioconcentration factor for these elements decreases log‐linearly with increasing concentration in the soil. The results indicate the ability of E. acicularis to hyperaccumulate Cu, Zn, As, and Cd under natural conditions, making it a good candidate species for the phytoremediation of water contaminated by heavy metals.     

湖南常宁县康家湾铅锌金矿硅化角砾岩岩石地球化学特征

湖南常宁县康家湾铅锌金矿床硅化角砾岩带由未硅化角砾岩—极弱硅化角砾岩—硅化角砾岩—强硅化角砾岩(似硅质岩)组成,产于侏罗系与下伏二叠系间的不整合面附近,角砾成份复杂,充填物和胶结物类型多样。随着硅化程度的加强,硅化角砾岩带SiO₂含量变化大,最高可达95.34%,而Al₂O₃、MgO、FeO、K₂O、Na₂O、CaO、CO₂和P₂O₅含量特别是MgO、CaO、CO₂和P₂O₅含量明显降低,且K₂O>Na₂O,TiO₂的含量显著偏低。硅化角砾岩带LREE/HREE比值为1.95～4.93,Ce(δCe=0.44～0.81)和Eu(δEu=0.58～0.89)均为弱负异常,属轻稀土富集型,但随硅化程度增高稀土元素含量显著减少:未硅化和弱硅化角砾岩稀土元素总量较高,为(176.82～318.93)×10^-10,与当冲组泥质岩配分曲线相似;硅化强烈的角砾岩稀土元素总量低,为(7.71～65.95)×10^-10,与下伏栖霞组灰岩稀土元素配分曲线极为相似。结合微量元素F、Ba、Cl、Cr、Ni、Sr、V研究结果及硅化角砾岩带自底部至顶部特有的下粗上细的韵律性层理构造,认为康家湾铅锌金矿床硅化角砾岩带是在地台体制向地洼体制转变期的大地构造环境下,由于地壳快速隆升,二叠纪灰岩、泥质岩、石英砂岩等岩石剥蚀,在古河流环境下搬运、沉积形成的。此     

基于地质建模的保德Ⅰ单元煤层气井产能响应特征

煤层气资源条件及储层物性特征是煤层气勘探开发的基础,开展煤层气藏地质建模,厘清煤储层在空间上的展布特征,解释单井产能差异,可为煤层气选区、布井提供理论依据。以山西保德Ⅰ单元为研究对象,基于煤心含气量实测数据和试井渗透率测试,采用支持向量机算法（SVM）和变形F-S渗透率计算公式建立研究区含气量和渗透率反演模型,完成162口煤层气井含气量和渗透率测井数据的分析。进一步采用随机建模方法建立研究区含气量和渗透率模型,由模型计算结果表明：4+5号煤层的含气量为2.0~5.2 m³/t,平均3.3 m³/t,8+9号煤层含气量为2.4~9.2 m³/t,平均5.1 m³/t;4+5号煤层渗透率为（0.8~9.8）×10^-3 μm²,平均6.1×10^-3 μm²,8+9号煤层渗透率为（2.8~11）×10^-3 μm²,平均7.3×10^-3 μm²;保德Ⅰ单元总体表现为低含气量、高渗透率的煤层气藏开发单元。基于建立的地质模型,进一步分析研究区煤层气储层等效含气量、资源丰度、含气饱和度等平面展布规律,对比分析2口典型井（B1-X1和B1-X2）的地质条件,发现B1-X1井各项参数均优于B1-X2井。从过井剖面和生产曲线可以看出,影响两井产能差异的因素主要包括资源条件和储层物性条件,其中后者起决定性作用,B1-X1井条件明显优于B1-X2井。综合分析可以得出,渗透率差异是影响煤层气开采的关键参数,而煤层气资源丰度和吸附饱和度是评价煤层气井维持高产和长时间稳产的重要因素,煤层气开发前需查明煤储层主要地质条件和物性参数,为煤层气开发工程设计提供依据。     

Biomarker responses in pelagic and benthic fish over 1 year following the Hebei Spirit oil spill (Taean, Korea)

After the Hebei Spirit oil spill incident (7th December, 2007) in the west coast of Korea, contamination of biliary PAH metabolite and hepatic biomarkers in a pelagic and a benthic fish was monitored for 1 year. Concentrations of 16 PAHs and alkylated PAHs in fish muscle were highest (22.0 ng/g d.w. for 16 PAHs and 284 ng/g d.w. for alkylated PAHs) at 5 days after the spill and then decreased rapidly to background levels at 11 months after the spill. Fish from the oiled site had elevated biliary PAH metabolite concentrations immediately after the spill; these declined steadily in both species, but were still above reference site concentrations 2 months after the spill. Oiled-site fish showed hepatic CYP 1A induction whose trend closely followed those of biliary PAH metabolite concentrations, implying continuous exposure to PAHs. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was not related to oil exposure.     

广东河台金矿糜棱岩化过程构造-流体成矿研究

为了探讨糜棱岩化过程中的成矿作用,文章对广东河台金矿进行了构造流体过程的数值模拟研究。根据力的分解、显微构造及运动学涡度分析以及与模拟结果的对比,提出108°方向的双向挤压作用可能是本区糜棱岩化带形成时的力学环境。数值模拟结果结合前人研究成果表明,体积应变增量异常带有利于糜棱岩化和流体的聚集以及糜棱岩化过程中成矿作用的...     

兰坪思茅盆地第三纪矿床有机质特征及其地质意义

兰坪思茅盆地第三纪矿床富含有机质，有机地球化学研究认为，矿床中的有机质片地未成阶段或低级成熟阶段，其分布受中轴断裂带的控制，有机质为少相、陆相的有机沉积物，生物标志显示盆地第三纪成矿为裂谷构造环境。     

Electromagnetic fields in a steel-cased borehole

The development of an electromagnetic numerical modelling scheme for a magnetic dipole in an arbitrary casing segment in an inhomogeneous conductivity background has been difficult, due to the very high electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability contrasts between the steel casing and the background medium. To investigate the effect of steel casing efficiently, we have developed an accurate but simple finite‐element modelling scheme to simulate electromagnetic fields in a medium of cylindrically symmetric conductivity structures. In order to preserve the cylindrical symmetry in the resulting electromagnetic fields, a horizontal loop current source is used throughout. One of the main advantages of the approach is that the problem is scalar when formulated using the azimuthal electric field, even if the casing is both electrically conductive and magnetically permeable. Field calculations have been made inside the cased borehole as well as in another borehole which is not cased. Careful analyses of the numerical modelling results indicate that the anomaly observed in a cross‐borehole configuration is sensitive enough to be used for tomographic imaging.