International progress and evaluation on interactive coupling effects between urbanization and the eco-environment

Global urbanization is exerting severe stress and having far-reaching impacts on the eco-environment, and yet there exists a complex non-linear coupling relationship between the two. Research on the interactive coupling effect between urbanization and the eco-environment will be a popular area of study and frontier in international earth system science and sustainability science in the next 10 years, while also being a high-priority research topic of particular interest to international organizations. This paper systematically collates and summarizes the international progress made in research on interactive coupling theory, coupling relationships, coupling mechanisms, coupling laws, coupling thresholds, coupling models and coupling optimization decision support systems. The research shows that urbanization and eco-environment interactive coupling theories include the Kuznets curve theory, telecoupling theory, planetary boundaries theory, footprint family theory and urban metabolism theory; most research on interactive coupling relationships is concerned with single- element coupling relationships, such as those between urbanization and water, land, atmosphere, climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity; the majority of research on interactive coupling mechanisms and laws focuses on five research paradigms, including coupled human and nature systems, complex social-ecological systems, urban ecosystems, social-economic-natural complex ecosystems, and urbanization development and eco-environment constraint ring; the majority of interactive coupling simulations use STIRPAT models, coupling degree models, multi-agent system models and big data urban computer models; and research has been carried out on urbanization and eco-environment coupling thresholds, coercing risk and optimal decision support systems. An objective evaluation of progress in international research on interactive coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment suggests that there are six main research focal points and six areas lacking research: a lot of research exists on macroscopic coupling effects, with little research on urban agglomeration and scale coupling effects; considerable research exists on single-dimension coupling effects, with little on multiple-dimension coupling effects; a great deal exists on “one-to-one” dual- element coupling effects, with little on “many-to-many” multiple-element coupling effects; a lot exists on positive feedback coupling effects, and little on negative feedback coupling effects; a great deal exists on empirical coupling effects, and little on theoretical coupling effects; a great deal exists on the use of simple quantitative methods, and little on using integrated simulation methods. Future studies should focus on coupling effects between urbanization in urban agglomerations and the eco-environment, spatial scale coupling effects, multi-dimensional coupling effects, telecoupling effects, “one-to-many” and “many-to-many” element coupling effects, and positive and negative feedback coupling effects. There is also a need to strengthen the development and application of dynamic models for multi-element, -scale, -scenario, -module and -agent integrated spatiotemporal coupling systems and further improve theoretical innovations in coupling effect research and integrate and form complete and diverse coupling theoretical systems.     

广州地理信息空间基础体系建设

高质量、强现势性的城市空间数据的获取、更新和使用问题已成为当前“数字广州”建设中的瓶颈。广州地理信息空间基础体系概念的提出具有较强的前瞻性和现实意叉,其目的是在广州市建立完善的空间信息采集与应用体系,并确保信息的完整性、可靠性和现势性,从而为广州城市建设、管理等各类信息平台提供服务。本文对其中的关键技术和具体实施进行了研究。     

中国城镇化发展的地理学贡献与责任使命

城镇化是中国全面建成小康社会和实现现代化的必由之路,中国城镇化不仅决定着中国的未来,而且决定着世界城镇化的进程。近35 a来中国地理学家对中国城镇化发展做出了重要贡献,主要表现在：首次提出了城镇化的概念,推动城镇化上升为国家战略;率先将Northam提出的城镇化发展三阶段论修正为四阶段论;提出了中国城镇化发展合理进程并被《国家新型城镇化规划》采用;研制了中国新型城镇化综合区划,构建了中国新型城镇化合理格局;率先研制了城镇化发展质量定量测度方法与系统,为提升城镇化发展质量提供了技术支撑;较早发布了《中国新型城镇化发展报告》,提出了新型城镇化发展的通用模式和差异模式;首次提出了城镇化与生态环境耦合圈理论与技术图谱。中国地理学家在城镇化这一多学科研究的重大领域中经常扮演着组织者角色,并担当重任,主要是：综合分析城镇化发展面临的问题及国际经验,探索城镇化发展的驱动机制与基本规律,辨析城镇化发展的空间格局和差异模式,揭示城镇化发展与资源环境的耦合关系,模拟预警城镇化发展的多种情景与风险,选择城镇化发展质量提升的可持续之路。今后一段时间内,创新国家新型城镇化高质量发展理论,优化“一带一路”背景下中国城镇化发展的空间格局,揭示中国城镇化与生态环境交互耦合机理及规律,研制中国城镇化发展的智能决策支持系统与引导政策,是中国城镇化发展的地理学使命。     

珠江口内伶仃岛以北水域海底工程地质条件评价

珠江口内伶仃岛以北水域海底工程地质调查表明,该海域海底表层土主要为流泥和淤泥。钻孔揭露海底以下36.6m土层,从上到下依此划分为11层,为流泥、淤泥质土、淤泥、流泥、淤泥、粗砾砂、粉质粘土、中细砂、花岗岩残积土、强风化花岗岩和中风化花岗岩。在综合研究了区域地质、海底地形地貌、地质灾害类型、海底土的物理力学性质、土体稳定性、砂土液化特性的基础上,将研究区划分为工程地质Ⅰ区、工程地质Ⅱ区和工程地质Ⅲ区,进行了工程地质条件和各区的稳定性评价,认为Ⅰ区为次稳定区,Ⅱ区为不稳定区,Ⅲ区为次不稳定区。     

日照市近海海域灾害地质类型及特征分析

日照近岸海域灾害地质类型主要为埋藏下切谷、海底侵蚀、冲刷沟槽和冲刷陡坎及海底抛泥区等。通过对日照海岸带近岸海域的浅地层剖面和水深测量资料,开展主要地震地层界面的追踪和对比,结合沉积物粒度和地球化学特征,对近海海域潜在灾害地质因素进行分析对比,探讨了日照近海海区的灾害地质类型、特征和分布规律,为半岛蓝色经济区的海洋开发提供基础地质资料。     

影响珠江三角洲可持续城市化发展的若干环境地质问题

珠江三角洲经济区城市化进程迅猛。环境地质问题是快速城市化进程的“副产物”、泛都市化趋势下人-地-生相互关系失调的反映。对可持续城市化进程具有广泛影响的主要环境地质问题有软土区地面形变,海岸异常变迁衍生的港口、河道、口门淤积和城市洪涝,水土污染,水质性缺水,构造稳定性和隐伏岩溶塌陷,按成因类型可分为原生为主型、次生为主型、原生与次生结合型3类环境地质问题。可持续城市化的关键之一在于科学利用环境资源,降低环境地质问题的风险。鉴于城市化决策和实践忽视城市地学工作成果的应用和城市地学工作系统性不足,建议尽快系统地开展以环境地质为主体的城市地学工作。     

容量法直接测定稀土萃取分离工艺负载有机相中稀土浓度

在乙醇存在下,以偶氮胂Ⅲ为指示剂,乙二胺、磺基水杨酸为掩蔽剂,EDTA容量法直接测定稀土萃取分离工艺负载有机相中稀土浓度。省去了有机相的反萃取分离过程,提高了测定的准确度。对不同浓度的稀土有机相样品进行测定,其相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.00—0.29％范围。方法适合于环烷酸体系萃取分离稀土元素工艺各级水相、有机相中稀土浓度的直接测定。     

Impact of farmer households’livelihood assets on their options of economic compensation patterns for cultivated land protection

With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation,cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household's satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore,households' willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method (PRA),3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of different farmer households. Finally,the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the elevation,the less livelihood assets are. In addition,their options of economic compensation pattern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail,there is a coupling relationship between household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern;negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options,while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees,which from the top are psychological assets,human assets,physical assets,financial assets,and social assets respectively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition,compensation method,compensation standard,the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly.     

中国区域经济增长差异研究进展与展望

缩小区域经济增长差异是中国区域经济发展的核心问题。本文从地理学和经济学的视角, 综合运用文献资料法、对比分析法, 评述了区域经济增长差异研究的进展, 分析了存在的主要问题, 并展望了下一步的研究重点与方向。结果表明:近年来国外研究在多学科融合框架下更为关注地理的作用, 从而导致空间计量分析和空间统计分析成为热点方法, 地理信息技术逐步受到重视, 研究尺度逐步降低并向实用化发展。国内研究多是国外经验在中国的验证, 本土化创新不足;研究尺度以省域层面为主, 城市和县域研究明显缺乏;空间效应逐步受到关注, 对区域差异的基本问题仍存在较大争议。未来研究应在数据选取上更为细化和全面, 尝试追踪和监测区域经济差异的动态变化格局, 构建经济增长差异定量测度方法体系和技术平台, 加强区域间的关联以及经济溢出、空间溢出效应测度研究, 关注差异机制和机理解析。