影响蔬菜周年供应的原因及其对策

影响蔬菜周年均衡供应的原因是多方面的，不利的天气气候影响是主要原因之一。广西以广州市为例，剖析了影响蔬菜年供应的原因，并提出缩短淡季实现周年均衡供应的对策。     

Photometric separation of the bulge and disc components of spirals using CCD imaging

We present high-resolution CCD images of a sample of spiral galaxies, in infrared photometric bands, obtained at the Cassegrain focus of the 1 m Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope, La Palma. A decisive advantage of the linearity in these images is that we can effect a reliable separation of the light from bulge and disc. We describe possible applications of the results to determine the structure of the bulges.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.     

An exploratory spatial data analysis of low birth weight prevalence in Georgia

Low birth weight (LBW), defined as a live birth weighing less than 2500 g, is a significant public health problem in the United States, but the complex nature of the etiology of this problem is not fully understood. Moreover, significant disparities in LBW prevalence are well documented among certain populations, particularly in minority and underserved communities. The identification of spatial patterns of LBW prevalence is a critical first step in a more complete understanding of the epidemiology of this public health challenge and these techniques are instrumental in designing valid observational and analytical studies to more fully study the problem. This paper examines the spatial patterns of LBW prevalence, as well as the presence of spatial clusters in the State of Georgia at both the county and census tract levels. Unadjusted and empirical Bayes smoothed LBW rates were mapped to visualize the spatial variation of LBW rates, and the Moran’s I statistic and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) statistic were computed to assess the degree of spatial dependence in the LBW rates. Results revealed marked geographical variation in LBW prevalence in Georgia in 2000. In addition, these data validate the significant disparity (two-fold difference) between white and black racial subgroups as documented in the literature. Trends associated with positive and negative spatial autocorrelations illustrated variation with respect to race. Limitations of data and methods, as well as plans for utility of the results of this study for further investigation were discussed.     

从化市PREE协调发展的初步研究

世纪之交来临之际,人类社会的发展模式已倾向于可持续发展,区域可持续发展面临的问题是如何使ＰＲＥＥ系统中各子系统协调发展。为了使区域可持续发展具有可操作性,量化是关键。文中从从化市区域ＰＲＥＥ系统分析入手,借助于协调度对从化市区域可持续发展进行的协调判识和评估。     

我国东北地区冬季气温变化的东亚冬季风背景

利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心1961—2011年我国东北地区72个气象站月平均气温资料及NCEP/NCAR月平均海平面气压、500 hPa高度场及200 hPa与850 hPa风场再分析资料,对东亚冬季风强度与我国东北地区冬季气温序列经去除线性趋势处理后的变化特征进行对比分析。结果表明:去除线性趋势后,东亚冬季风强度与我国东北地区冬季气温序列的相关系数为-0.69,较原始序列更为显著;两者变化的阶段性较为同步,我国东北地区冬季气温于2004年已转入低温阶段,这与东亚冬季风同时转为偏强阶段关系密切;两者均存在20年左右的长周期,同样存在相近的阶段性短周期;我国东北地区冬季气温的增温变化趋势在1986年前后的增暖性气候突变中起重要作用。东亚冬季风强度与我国东北地区冬季气温年代际信号的相关系数达-0.86,较原始序列年代际相关更为显著;两者的年代际变化存在21.5年左右的共同准周期。东亚冬季风强度与我国东北地区冬季气温的年际变化序列存在4年左右的共同准周期。我国东北地区冬季气温的年际和年代际异常存在与东亚冬季风相关联的200 hPa东亚急流、500 hPa东亚大槽、乌拉尔高压、850 hPa风场、地面西伯利亚高压等的异常背景。     

岩浆弧火成岩构造组合与洋陆转换

本文从岩浆弧的火成岩构造组合、主要地质特征和弧地壳成熟度几个方面,讨论洋陆转换作用及其过程。表征洋俯冲环境的火成岩构造组合主要有英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩(TTG)组合,高镁安山岩组合,镁安山岩组合,Adakite组合(即高锶低钇中酸性岩)与富铌弧玄武岩组合等。基于火成岩构造组合的配置,讨论了4种可能的洋俯冲壳的壳幔结构:(1)热的年轻的俯冲洋壳与上覆冷的幔楔岩石圈;(2)冷的老的俯冲洋壳与冷的幔楔岩石圈;(3)冷的老的洋壳与热的幔楔软流圈;(4)热的年轻的俯冲洋壳与上覆幔楔软流圈。讨论了弧岩浆前锋作为结构标志以及空间组成极性的构造意义;讨论了弧火山作用的时间极性与弧成熟度及其地壳厚度之间的正相关关系,提出岩浆弧地壳双层结构的模型,下地壳主要为玄武质的基性麻粒岩和角闪岩,上地壳为长英质的TTG片麻岩,相当于大陆壳形成的第一阶段,即新生陆壳。岩浆弧及其洋—陆过渡性的弧地壳是洋俯冲作用形成的洋陆转换带(或增生造山带)的最重要的记录。     

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Investigation of the channelling effect on pollutants dispersion between adjacent roadway tunnels

The health risks presented by noxious vehicle emissions inside tunnels has been amplified due to the increasing use of roadway tunnels. Particularly, for adjacent roadway tunnels, vehicular emissions from the upstream tunnel can further deteriorate the air quality within the following tunnels. A scale vehicle tunnel model was designed to experimentally modelled the airflow and pollutants dispersion in contiguous roadway tunnels. The channelling effect on pollutants dispersion between adjacent roadway tunnels was studied, and factors such as ventilation speed, open road section length, traffic condition (e.g. car free, car running and traffic congestion) were considered. Pollutants mass flow rate ratio between downstream and upstream tunnels was calculated to evaluate the variation of the entrained pollutants amount. For the car free condition, pollutant can be easily entrained into the downwind tunnel when the gap distance between roadway tunnels decreased. For the car running condition with fixed tunnel gap distance, the traffic speed variation barely changed the pollutants mass flow rate ratio. Furthermore, evident influences on pollutants concentration were observed from continuous congestion and partial congestion. Lastly, numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics approach was conducted for the car free scenario, and reasonably good agreements were found for pollutants concentration ratio compared with the experimental data. The results yielded from this study further quantified the relationships among different influential factors on the pollutants dispersion between roadway tunnels, and can contribute to an improved tunnel ventilation system design, especially for the downstream tunnel.     

川、滇、黔接壤地区铅锌矿床产出的大地构造演化背景及成矿作用

川、滇、黔接壤地区铅锌矿床的分布受大地构造演化背景的控制。天宝山矿床与成矿有关的构造变形的应力、应变场的分析显示与区域变形相对应的区域性应力场有印支晚期和燕山期两期,其主压应力方向分别为NWW向和SSW向,印支晚期区域性近东西向的挤压是形成NWW向容矿的张性断裂的主要动力,该期为主构造期;燕山期NNE-SSW向的区域性挤压应力,具有引发区域性NEE向张性容矿构造的条件。结合区域岩浆活动和矿床同位素年龄资料的分析,认为印支晚期和燕山期发生的两次区域性小规模的岩浆活动与铅锌成矿有较密切的联系,岩浆活动可能为成矿提供了部分成矿物质和热能。构造应力、应变场所反映的构造期次、区域性的构造岩浆热事件与铅锌矿床的成矿在时间上是同步的。该地区铅锌矿两期主要的成矿作用分别和晚三叠世扬子板块与兰坪-思茅地块碰撞、义敦弧与扬子板块碰撞,以及早侏罗世西南部的雅鲁藏布江洋打开、扩张的时间一致。该地区两期主要的成矿作用发生在三叠纪晚期和早侏罗世。