Mechanical analysis of a vertical-wall,semicircular-arch roadway and a repair technique using double-shell support

Roadways in coal mines normally have two vertical side walls and a semicircular arch-shaped roof when viewed in cross section, a design conducive to the stability of surrounding rocks. The North 1 main roadway in Duerping Coal Mine has suffered severe damage and the conventional support method employed there is incapable of ensuring long-term stability of the surrounding rocks. This study provides a mechanical analysis of this vertical-wall, semicircular-arch (VWSA) roadway using a mechanical model. Formulas describing stresses in the rocks surrounding a VWSA roadway were derived through complex analysis. The stress distribution in the surrounding rocks was then predicted using the formulas. Based on the results, a double-shell support structure consisting of an internal shell, a flexible interlayer, and an external shell was developed as a new technique to stabilize surrounding rocks. The functional mechanisms of the three parts and the specific construction procedure are detailed in this paper. Moreover, the key technical parameters were optimized through a comparative analysis of the surrounding rock’s deformation behavior for different shell and interlayer thicknesses. After implementation of this technique, the floor heave, relative displacement between two sides, and roof lowering in the North 1 main roadway decreased to 82, 185, and 161 mm, respectively, which meet the requirements for long-term service. This verifies the effectiveness of the proposed technique in surrounding rock control.     

西天山航磁异常查证深孔中基性侵入杂岩的发现及地质意义

西天山阿吾拉勒火山岩带与伊什基里克-那拉提北缘火山岩带间的巩乃斯河谷中发育一条规模大、幅值高的航磁异常带。2011年布设ZK001深孔对吐尔根一带的C-2009-2402高磁异常进行查证,在地表952.9 m以下,揭露出一个由辉长岩、闪长岩、英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩组成的中基性侵入杂岩体,规模较大。其中辉长岩具较强磁铁矿化和磁黄铁化,伴随Au,Cu,Zn矿化,是引起磁异常的主要原因。深孔中侵入杂岩体与两侧火山岩带中铁矿床含矿岩石具明显的相似性和亲缘性,是一个同时、同源、同系列岩浆演化系统的产物,具海相中基性火山岩Fe、CuPb-Zn、Au成矿系列的矿化特征,构成了西天山石炭纪岩浆侵入-喷发成矿系统。     

贵州喀斯特森林的初步研究

喀斯特森林是贵州省的重要森林类型。本文简要论述了喀斯特森林的生境特点及喀斯特森林的生态特征,对喀斯特森林的群落学特征——区系特征、生活型谱及叶级谱、成层现象及演替顶极等进行了分析研究,并根据植物群落学——生态学原则,对贵州喀斯特森林进行分类,将其划分为5个植被型,14个群系。最后,提出合理利用与保护喀斯特森林的主要措施:建立自然保护区,保护珍贵的原生性喀斯特森林;注意对喀斯特森林再生能力的保护;注意对喀斯特森林资源的综合利用;封山育林,以促进喀斯特森林的恢复;因地制宜地选择树种,进行植树造林,发展和扩大喀斯特森林。      

南沙群岛海区94—10柱样浮游有孔虫碳氧同位素与古气候研究

通过对南沙群岛海区94－10柱样浮游有孔虫碳氧同位素组成、粒度组成及全岩样14C测年的研究,发现南沙群岛海区在末次冰期结束后的转暖过程中发生了两次明显的气候回返事件,即事件Ⅰ（约12—11kaBP）和事件Ⅱ（约10—8kaBP）,其中事件Ⅰ可能为新仙女木事件;在末次冰期结束后的气候转暖过程中,东亚古季风演化具有不稳定性和突发性的特点。     

数据仓库基础上的辅助决策应饪——指挥监测中心桌面系统简介

指挥监测中心桌面系统是建立在数据仓库基础上,以Business Objects XI作为项目开发运行平台,专门为领导决策服务的定制系统,实现预警、监督、查询等功能,重点是实现主要关注指标的实时监测。     

Regional variations in trace element concentrations in tissues of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from South Vietnam

The goal of the present study was to examine the specific bioaccumulation of 22 trace elements in muscle, exoskeleton and hepatopancreas of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon from the Mekong River Delta (MRD), and the South Key Economic Zone (SKEZ), South Vietnam. The general tendency in most trace element concentrations among different tissues were hepatopancreas>exoskeleton>muscle. Comparisons of trace element levels in tissues between the two regions showed that concentrations of Se in muscle and As in all three tissues were higher in SKEZ; whereas in MRD, the higher concentrations of most elements such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Ba, Hg, were observed in tissues. These geographical variations in trace element levels may reflect the differences in human activities between the two regions of South Vietnam. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values for trace elements (<1) indicate that local residents are not exposed to potential health risks via the consumption of shrimp.     

Regional variations in trace element concentrations in tissues of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from South Vietnam

The goal of the present study was to examine the specific bioaccumulation of 22 trace elements in muscle, exoskeleton and hepatopancreas of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon from the Mekong River Delta (MRD), and the South Key Economic Zone (SKEZ), South Vietnam. The general tendency in most trace element concentrations among different tissues were hepatopancreas > exoskeleton > muscle. Comparisons of trace element levels in tissues between the two regions showed that concentrations of Se in muscle and As in all three tissues were higher in SKEZ; whereas in MRD, the higher concentrations of most elements such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Ba, Hg, were observed in tissues. These geographical variations in trace element levels may reflect the differences in human activities between the two regions of South Vietnam. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values for trace elements (<1) indicate that local residents are not exposed to potential health risks via the consumption of shrimp.     

海岸环境中两类软质微塑料表面生物膜DNA的提取方法比较与优化

微塑料因粒径小、比表面积大,可作为重金属、有机污染物以及病原微生物的载体。已有研究表明,微塑料表面附着的微生物主要以生物膜的形式存在。本研究以山东省海岸带环境中常见的两类软质塑料——发泡类聚苯乙烯（expanded polystyrene,EPS）和聚乙烯薄膜（polyethylene films,PE）为研究对象,比较了MP FastDNA®和MOBIO PowerSoil®两种DNA提取试剂盒对微塑料表面生物膜DNA的提取效果,探讨了不同的微塑料粒径和数量对DNA提取效果的影响。结果表明,MP FastDNA®试剂盒对两种软质微塑料表面生物膜DNA的提取浓度显著低于MOBIO PowerSoil®试剂盒（1.0~12.5倍）。采用MP FastDNA®试剂盒提取的PE表面DNA的浓度约为EPS的1.3~4.4倍。当微塑料数量不大于20片时,小粒径（1~3 mm）的EPS表面生物膜DNA浓度显著高于大粒径（3~5 mm） EPS,而对于PE薄膜则相反。对于两种粒径的EPS,微塑料表面DNA浓度均随着微塑料数量的增加而显著增加,但对于小粒径（1~3 mm）的PE薄膜,DNA浓度随微塑料数量的增加呈先增后减的趋势;而大粒径（3~5 mm）的PE薄膜表面DNA浓度随微塑料数量的增加而降低。微塑料的粒径和数量对其表面DNA提取效果影响的差异与微塑料的类型及其理化性质有关。本研究可为海洋与海岸环境中微塑料表面微生物群落组成与多样性研究提供方法支撑。     

Detection of Antarctic oscillation signals in Earth’s oblateness variations

Variations of Earth’s oblateness (J ₂) reflect a large scale mass redistribution within the Earth system. The climate effect causing J ₂ interannual variations is still not clear, though previous studies indicated it may be related to EI Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). However, we have a new discovery of the significant Antarctic oscillation (AAO) signals in J ₂ interannual variations, especially on 4–6 year scales based on cross wavelet and wavelet coherence analysis with 95% confidence test during 1979–2012. The results additionally indicate that the close phase relationship between J ₂ and AAO (AAO leading J ₂ variations by 3 ± 2 months in phase) is far superior to that between J ₂ and ENSO/PDO on 4–6 year scales. In this work, we discuss, for the first time, a possible geophysical mechanism of AAO effecting J ₂ variations. The investigations are based on the definition of AAO and its spatial–temporal behavior influencing the large-scale mass movement. Finally, an approximate quantitative estimate of the AAO imprint on J ₂ with an emphasis on the atmospheric contribution is made.