Field Measurements of Compaction Seepage Characteristics in Longwall Mining Goaf

Natural Resources Research - The spatiotemporal evolution of goaf caving zone compaction characteristics has important influences on surface subsidence, spontaneous combustion and gas and water...     

乡村聚落空间重构的理论解析

快速城镇化进程中中国传统乡村聚落空间面临剧烈分化和重组。在阐释乡村聚落空间重构的概念内涵基础上,基于宏观和中微观层面、客体和主体系统探讨了乡村聚落空间重构的机理,并提出了乡村聚落空间重构过程中需关注的要点。结论如下:① 乡村聚落空间重构即为适应城乡发展要素的变化,行为主体采取经济、技术、政策等手段调整村镇空间等级体系及干预单体聚落内部土地资源配置,以协调乡村地域人地关系的过程,具有重构内容复合性、重构目标多元性和重构过程复杂性的特点。② 乡村聚落空间重构折射着现代社会生产方式、经济结构、社会结构、制度演化、技术发展等宏观环境的变迁,并根植于所在乡村地域自然-经济-社会等客体系统的约束框架之内,凝聚着利益行为主体间的博弈、对抗、竞争与合作关系。③ 乡村聚落空间重构应正确处理人口-土地-产业关系,充分重视聚落的文化和生态价值,有效发挥政策和制度的支撑作用,以促进新时期乡村地域系统的全面振兴。     

南极普里兹湾柱样有孔虫研究

南极普里兹湾柱样ＮＰ９３２含有较多的有孔虫，其中浮游类占２６．３％，底栖类中砂质胶结类占５７．９％，为该柱的优势类群。底栖有孔虫组合以Ｍｉｌｉａｍｍｉｎａａｒｅｎａｃｅａ为典型代表，显示了深水砂质胶结相的面貌。浮游类群中暖与冷水种群的丰度变化，反映了所在海区气温的变化     

A New Lithostratigraphic Framework for the Cretaceous Colorado Group in the Cold Lake Heavy Oil Area,East-Central Alberta,Canada

The Albian to Santonian Colorado Group in the heavy oil area of Cold Lake, east-central Alberta represents a relatively condensed section of shale-dominated sedimentation within the Western Interior Sea. These shales form the cap rock to the underlying Clearwater and Grand Rapids formations that are exploited for bitumen extraction. Two cores covering the entire Colorado Group provide a unique opportunity for establishment of a stratigraphic reference in an area that has received attention only for its heavy oil-bearing Mannville Group. Based on sedimentology, geochemistry, micropaleontology, nannofossils, and wireline log data, the Colorado Group was subdivided into the Joli Fou, Viking, Westgate, Fish Scales, Belle Fourche, Second White Specks, and Niobrara formations. The Niobrara Formation was subdivided further into the Verger Member, informal Cold Lake member, and First White Specks Member. Because of this region’s small accommodation space and distance to sources of coarse clastic sediment, disconformities are indicated lithologically by bioclastic layers and missing biozones. Foraminiferal subzones revealed two erosional boundaries associated with the Viking Formation. Faunal and floral evidence coupled with wireline log correlations suggest that the Middle to Upper Turonian Carlile Formation, as described from southeastern Alberta, is missing. That extends the Middle Turonian to Coniacian unconformity, as recognized in central Saskatchewan, westwards into Alberta.     

自动雨量站降雨资料质量评估方法研究

利用19种不同型号的自动雨量站2005年6—9月在北京 (54511)、宜昌 (57461) 和南京 (58238) 3站的实测对比观测资料, 进行降雨资料质量评估, 不同的评估方法将会导致评估结果的差异。结果表明:采用自动气象站降雨资料和雨量筒人工定时观测记录作为降雨量参考标准对自动雨量站进行评估时, 由于降雨量参考标准本身存在的不确定性, 或多或少影响了评估结果的准确性。在广泛试验的基础上, 提出了采用基于各自动雨量站观测结果的拟合降雨量作为降雨量参考标准的新思路, 并对拟合降雨量的可行性、适用性以及计算方法进行了详细论述。     

Trends in chemical composition of precipitation in Nanjing, China, during 1992–2003

In this study, variations of the chemical composition of precipitation in Nanjing, China, over a 12-year period (1992–2003) are presented. The average annual concentration of pH value was 5.15, ranging from 4.93 to 5.36, and there was no significant trend in the acidity of precipitation. SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻ were the main anions, while Ca²⁺, NH₄⁺ and Mg²⁺ were the main cations. The concentrations of these main ions were very high compared to those reported in many other areas around the world. Most of the ions came from anthropogenic and crustal sources. High correlations were found among dust-derived cations Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺and K⁺, between Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻, between Cl⁻ and NH₄⁺ and between acidic anions and dust-derived cations, such as SO₄²⁻ and Ca²⁺, SO₄²⁻ and K⁺, Cl⁻ and Ca²⁺, Cl⁻ and K⁺, F⁻ and Mg²⁺ and F⁻ and K⁺. A significant decreasing trend was observed in concentration of SO₄²⁻ because of the abatement strategies for SO₂ emissions and energy policy change, while a significant increasing trend was found in the contribution of NO₃⁻ to acidification due to the rapidly growing number of motor vehicles. A significant decreasing trend was found in dust-derived cation Ca²⁺ due to more stringent controls of industrial dust emissions and rapid urbanization reducing the amount of open land, while the contribution of NH₄⁺ to neutralization increased relatively.     

塔中117井储层烃包裹体研究及油气成藏史

将一个烃包裹体视为一个小小的“油气藏圈闭”。若已知油气藏烃组分,应用 PVTpro4.0油藏烃类流体相态平衡软件,可以获取油气藏圈闭的组分 PVT 相图及捕获压力参数。本文首先对 TZ117井盐水包裹体和烃包裹体进行观察分析,将TZ117烃包裹体分成三期,然后在-170℃条件下利用喇曼测定烃包裹体中烃组分的相对含量,并输入 PVTpr04.0油藏烃类流体相态平衡软件中做出烃包裹体 PVT 相图,确定烃包裹体捕获压力。根据烃包裹体捕获压力,恢复三期烃包裹体形成时的深度,结合 TZ117埋藏史,研究 TZ117井油气成藏史。     

Effects of fungal infection on lipid extract composition of higher plant remains: comparison of shoots of a Cenomanian conifer, uninfected and infected by extinct fungi

The lipid fraction extracted from uninfected shoots of a fossil conifer, Frenelopsis alata, was analysed by gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry, and compared with shoots of the same conifer infected by extinct epiphyllous fungi, so as to study the effects of fungal infection on the chemical composition of extracts from higher plant remains. The extracts from the uninfected shoots appeared to be composed of (i) common constituents of higher plant lipids such as n-alkanes and fatty acids, (ii) elemental sulphur, and (iii) substantial amounts of terpenoids characteristic of conifers, such as cadalene, beyerane, dehydroabietane and related compounds. Comparison of this extract with that of fungal-infected shoots revealed, in addition to the aforementioned compounds, the presence of substantial amounts of hydroxysuccinic acid and functionalised benzoic compounds that were interpreted as degradation products of lignin by fungi. This study afforded preliminary indications of the composition of extracts from higher plant remains infected by fungi.     

省直管市（县）体制下建设用地监管技术研究

面向解决省直体制下市（县）建设用地管理业务监管难度大问题,研究建设用地全过程监管关键技术,设计该模式下的监管模式、技术架构、业务模型和数据模型,实现省直管市（县）模式下的建设用地批前、批中、批后＂批-供-用-补-查-登＂全过程监管。     

Effect of Agents on Hydrate Formation and Low-Temperature Rheology of Polyalcohol Drilling Fluid

In order to ensure safe drilling in deep water and marine gas hydrate bearing sediments,the needed characteristics of drilling fluid system were analyzed.Moreover,the effect of different agents on hydrate formation and the low-temperature rheology of designed polyalcohol drilling fluid were tested,respectively.The results show that clay can promote gas hydrate growth,while modified starch and polyalcohol can inhibit hydrate formation to some extent,and PVP K90 has a good performance on hydrate inhibition.Th...