北斗气象预警信息发布系统及其在秭归的应用

北斗气象预警信息发布系统是中国气象局依托"基于北斗导航卫星的大气海洋和空间监测预警应用示范工程"建设的新型预警信息发布系统,它通过北斗卫星,以广播的方式发布预警信息,发布范围广,时效有保障。2015年,该系统在湖北开展示范应用,秭归承担了140个北斗预警终端的部署和使用。本文介绍了该系统的构成和核心技术,从终端部署、业务管理、信息发布3个方面,总结了系统在秭归的应用。与秭归现有手机短信、气象预警大喇叭、电子显示屏发布手段进行了比较。北斗气象预警信息发布系统在秭归的应用,提高了秭归气象预警服务能力和管理水平,为未来基于北斗卫星的预警信息发布系统建设和运行积累了宝贵经验。     

中国之气团

赵九章先生(1935)前曾就北平南京之高空纪录,草为“中国东部空气图之分析”一文,对於中国气团之秉性,颇多阐述,惟冉冉至今,迄已三载,集成纪录,视赵氏所用已超过三倍之多,故亟宜重新整理,作进一步之探讨,赵氏文中,曾计算平均数字,以为代表各气团     

南极长城湾全新世有孔虫研究

南极长城湾９３Ｉ（６２°１７．７４′Ｓ，５８°４９．９１′Ｗ）柱样含有较丰富的有孔虫动物群，计鉴定统计５１９００个体，归属于８６种，有孔虫总丰度以柱样中段较低，浮游类含量较低（〈５％）钙质类底栖有孔虫成占优势，全柱底栖有孔虫分异度变化范围不大，底栖有孔虫五个优势种的优势度占决量的８３．３％，优势种及其组合变化显著一定的古海洋学意义，探讨了长城湾海区晚第四纪环境变迁，为南大洋晚第四纪环境与全球变化关     

Study on the improvement of disaster resistance against tsunamis at Taiwan’s Keelung Port

Natural Hazards - Keelung Port is one of the international commercial ports in Northern Taiwan. In 1867, a tsunami hit the Port, causing hundreds of casualties. In order to minimize the impact of...     

Quantification of Water Content and Speciation in Synthetic Rhyolitic Glasses: Optimising the Analytical Method of Confocal Raman Spectrometry

Quantification of water content in silicate glasses is of vital significance in understanding magma evolution and metamorphic anataxis. Here we provide a method for the determination of total dissolved water content and water speciation in silicate melts by confocal laser Raman spectrometry based on a set of hydrous rhyolitic glasses. A series of alumino-silicate glasses with water contents from 0.33 to 9.05% m/m were synthesised in a piston cylinder apparatus. Synchrotron-FTIR mapping shows that these glasses have relatively homogeneous distributions of dissolved water. Total water contents of the glasses were precisely measured by TC/EA-MS and FTIR. Both external and internal calibration were established for the quantitative analysis of water content and water speciation in the silicate glasses based on excellent linear correlation between total dissolved water content and integrated area of the water Raman band. Furthermore, by decomposing the total water Raman bands into four Gaussians components, the relative concentration of water speciation (OH groups and molecules H₂O_m) dissolved in the glasses was determined with a similar trend to water speciation data derived from FTIR. We suggest that the relative concentration of water speciation can be estimated in rhyolitic glasses with 4–8% m/m H₂O. Our work provides an accurate method to determine total water content and a potential tool to limit the relative concentration of water speciation dissolved in silicic glasses.     

蒙古-鄂霍次克洋的远程作用:来自内蒙古东南部羊盘沟地区流纹斑岩成因的证据

为了解蒙古—鄂霍次克构造体系的远程作用及其在中国东北以南的影响范围,在内蒙古多伦火山盆地羊盘沟地区开展了流纹斑岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学、岩石地球化学及区域对比研究.结果显示,其形成时代为144.2±0.6 Ma,属于早白垩世早期.主量元素SiO₂含量为73.25%~76.72%,K₂O含量为4.64%~7.87%,K₂O/Na₂O值在1.15~3.82之间,A/CNK值为0.79~0.99;副矿物为磁铁矿、锆石和磷灰石等,属准铝质高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列A₂型流纹岩类;稀土元素总量高(320.76×10-6~415.70×10-6),富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素K和Rb、高场强元素Zr和Hf以及元素U、Th等,亏损重稀土元素、大离子亲石元素Ba和Sr、高场强元素Nb和Ta以及元素P、Ti等,显著Eu负异常(δEu=0.08~0.15).表明流纹斑岩形成于后碰撞构造环境,是早白垩世蒙古—鄂霍次克洋闭合后某个伸展事件下的产物,因此,蒙古—鄂霍次克构造体系在中国的影响范围向东南至少延伸至蒙东南—冀北一带,且对应的蒙古—鄂霍次克洋东段的闭合完成时间应早于144.2 Ma.      

A more accurate scheme for calculating Earth’s skin temperature

The theoretical framework of the vertical discretization of a ground column for calculating Earth’s skin temperature is presented. The suggested discretization is derived from the evenly heat-content discretization with the optimal effective thickness for layer-temperature simulation. For the same level number, the suggested discretization is more accurate in skin temperature as well as surface ground heat flux simulations than those used in some state-of-the-art models. A proposed scheme (“op(3,2,0)”) can reduce the normalized root–mean–square error (or RMSE/STD ratio) of the calculated surface ground heat flux of a cropland site significantly to 2% (or 0.9 W m^?2), from 11% (or 5 W m^?2) by a 5-layer scheme used in ECMWF, from 19% (or 8 W m^?2) by a 5-layer scheme used in ECHAM, and from 74% (or 32 W m^?2) by a single-layer scheme used in the UCLA GCM. Better accuracy can be achieved by including more layers to the vertical discretization. Similar improvements are expected for other locations with different land types since the numerical error is inherited into the models for all the land types. The proposed scheme can be easily implemented into state-of-the-art climate models for the temperature simulation of snow, ice and soil.     

过去20年矿床事业发展的概略回顾

文章概略回顾了过去20年在找矿和成矿理论研究方面获得的若干重要成就。指出这一阶段虽在一些国家存在矿业不景气，但找矿进展，特别是金、铜矿床、仍很出色。矿业中国都强调了超大型矿床的重要性。在成矿理论方面，主要就多样复杂的海底成矿，三大巨型成矿域，成矿模式，中酸性岩浆岩及有关成矿作用，层控矿床，同位素、微量元素及气液包裹体运用于成矿等问题的研究历史作了回顾。