一种四维绘图软件Vis5d使用要点简述

Vis5D是美国威士康星-麦迪逊大学空间科学与工程中心(SSEC)研制的可视化系统,主要有Bill Hibbard 和Johan Kellum 完成.Vis5D能够直观而清晰地显示3维立体图形,适用于中尺度研究结果,尤其是云物理结构研究.本文介绍了Vis5D的安装过程以及数据文件转换为v5d格式的方法,并以GRAPES数值模式输出产品为例进行了初步的可视化试验.     

太湖流域典型滨湖河网水动力与水质时空异质性

基于中国太湖梅梁湾东部的无锡市滨湖区河网29个监测点在丰水期、平水期和枯水期的流速和水质监测数据,将河网分为梁溪河、曹王泾、骂蠡港、城市河网南区以及城市河网北区5个区域,对流速和典型水质指标的时空异质性进行分析,结合主成分分析和相关性分析,得到各区域水动力与水质现状及其成因.结果显示:梁溪河和曹王泾的水质条件和水动力条件较好,多数水质因子与流速表现出了强相关性;骂蠡港的水质和流速区域变化明显,表现弱相关性;城市河网北区和南区的流速较缓,河道污染负荷较大,流速与水质因子之间的相关性较低.通过在滨湖河网开展流速和水质的野外监测,分析流速对于河网水环境的实际效果,验证不同水质指标与流速之间的响应关系,为滨湖河网区水质保护和科学的水污染治理技术提供基础支撑.     

冲积型金刚石砂矿与其成矿模式的讨论

中国金刚石砂矿主要分布在华北与扬子地台郯庐断裂区与沅水流域区 ,在大别山区及新疆、西藏超基性岩附近也有分布。不同时代的含金刚石金伯利岩或超基性岩带 ,经风化、剥蚀、搬运 ,形成含金刚石砂矿中间储存体 ,在水系中下游形成不同类型 (阶地、河谷、河床 )砂矿。金刚石砂矿找矿方向应是模式找矿主要有三方面 :一是矿源 ,二是中间储存体 ,三金刚石砂矿组合矿物。     

赞比亚铜带省谦比希盆地含矿地层地球化学特征、物源属性及其成矿地质背景研究

中非铜钴成矿带是全球重要的铜资源产地和最大的钴资源产地,其中赞比亚成矿带内90%铜(钴)资源蕴含于赞比亚铜带省的沉积型矿床中。本文选取铜带省中部谦比希盆地内穆旺巴希铜矿、谦比希西铜矿和谦比希东南铜钴矿为研究对象,对矿床(体)赋矿层位开展岩相学、主微量元素、稀土元素研究,分析其物源区组成和构造环境,探讨铜钴成矿地质背景。岩相学特征表明,赋铜(钴)地层岩性主要为敏多拉组砂岩、细砂岩和基特韦组页岩、粉砂岩、板岩、石英岩等。稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦和铕负异常特征。成分变异指数(ICV)与化学蚀变指数(CIA)的研究表明源区未遭受强的沉积物再循环及化学风化作用,从穆旺巴希矿床、谦比希西矿体到谦比希东南矿体,含矿地层风化作用逐渐减弱,沉积环境由温暖、湿润气候向寒冷、干燥气候转变。岩石地球化学判别图解显示含矿地层物源主要为长英质沉积岩和火成岩,构造性质长期处在以被动大陆边缘为主,主动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧次之的环境中。其中含钴的基特韦组地层的物源中可能伴有少量镁铁质成分的加入,构造背景主要为大陆岛弧环境。综合区域成矿年代学研究,中非成矿带铜钴成矿具有多期性,地层物源属性、沉积成岩...     

Modeling and calculating for the compaction characteristics of waste rock masses

Bearing and deformation behaviors of waste rock masses (WRM) are more usually considered in stress distribution in caved waste. As WRM is widely located in hidden and dangerous environments, herein, numerical calculation is the preferred research method, but there are no modules specifically designed to simulate WRM, and the distribution of blockiness size, void, and properties of WRM in existing programs is still immature. A construction and subdivision method for modeling WRM is proposed in this paper. That is on the basis of the intact rock mass numerical model established in 3D Voronoi, the blocks in the intact rock mass are removed at random to achieve the purpose of retrieving the WRM structure by means of predetermined porosity. Also, the Weibull distribution is introduced to describe the properties of joints randomly, and a uniaxial compression experiment is used to research the compaction characteristics of WRM. The modeling and parametric methods can more accurately reflect fragmentation characteristics, bulking characteristics, and compaction characteristics of WRM. Compared with the existing theoretical and experimental results, this method has a high degree of consistency with them. This experimental study provides a new and effective method for the safety control of backfilling technics of WRM in coal mines.     

Dissipation mechanism of interplanetary alfvenic fluctuation

Observations on board Helios 1 and 2 have shown that, in 0.3–0.9 AU, the decay of the Alfvenic fluctuations is greater than is calculated by the WBK solution of the propagation of Alfven waves. The additional decay can be expressed by an exponential factor with a “dissipation length” λ, which varies with the frequency but is approximately constant for frequencies higher than 0.01 Hz. In this paper, we deduce the analytical expression for the dissipation length in both the wave energy cascade model, given in a previous work [7] and the viscous decay model [8]. After inserting the observed values of the solar wind parameters, we find the dissipation length given by the cascade model agrees with the observed length both in size and in its variation with frequency, while the one given by the viscous decay model differs greatly from the observations.     

清代科尔沁农耕北界的变迁

根据清代对蒙政策及其对蒙施土地垦殖的影响，结合当时科尔沁建置的时空特征，恢复了清代科尔沁土地垦殖典型时期的农耕北界，发现：清代科尔沁农耕北界具有两次显著的北跃，其中，农垦的第一次扩展是在18世纪末到20世纪初的“请旨招垦”时期，导致农耕北界从清代初期的“柳条边墙”北上至今长春-四平-昌图以及敖汉、翁牛特旗南部，哲里木盟东南部、卓索图盟大部以及昭乌达盟南部变成农牧并以逐为主的交错区，农耕的第二次发展是在清末时期，农垦推到洮儿河下游及西辽河两岸地区，此时的农耕北界北起黑龙江大庆县，经白城西、通辽北、开鲁县到林西县，今吉林省西部、辽宁省北部以及西辽河沿岸地带发展成为以农为主的农牧交错区，事实证明：清朝对蒙政策及其变化是导致科尔沁农耕北界跃变的主要驱动因子之一，是科尔沁农牧交错区形成的重要人文条件。     

TWO-FLUID MODEL FOR HEATING OF THE SOLAR CORONA AND ACCELERATION OF THE SOLAR WIND BY HIGH-FREQUENCY ALFVÉN WAVES

A model of the solar corona and wind is developed which includes for the first time the heating and acceleration effects of high-frequency Alfvén waves in the frequency range between 1 Hz and 1 kHz. The waves are assumed to be generated by the small-scale magnetic activity in the chromospheric network. The wave dissipation near the gyro-frequency, which decreases with increasing solar distance, leads to strong coronal heating. The resulting heating function is different from other artificial heating functions used in previous model calculations. The associated thermal pressure-gradient force and wave pressure-gradient force together can accelerate the wind to high velocities, such as those observed by Helios and Ulysses. Classical Coulomb heat conduction is also considered and turns out to play a role in shaping the temperature profiles of the heated protons. The time-dependent two-fluid (electrons and protons) model equations and the time-dependent wave-spectrum equation are numerically integrated versus solar distance out to about 0.3 AU. The solutions finally converge and settle on time-stationary profiles which are discussed in detail. The model computations can be made to fit the observed density profiles of a polar coronal hole and polar plume with the sonic point occurring at 2.4 R and 3.2 R , respectively. The solar wind speeds obtained at 63 R are 740 km s^-1 and 540 km s^-1; the mass flux is 2.1 and 2.2 × 10⁸ cm^-2 s^-1 (normalized to 1 AU), respectively. The proton temperature increases from a value of 4 × 10⁵ K at the lower boundary to 2 × 10⁶ K in the corona near 2 R .     

中国基本公共气象服务均等化水平现状——基于多层次灰色关联的实证研究

参考相关文献界定基本气象公共服务均等化内涵,并设计基本公共气象服务均等化水平多层次评价指标体系,对2013年的统计数据整理归纳出10个指标,用因子分析分成3类;由层次分析法构建层次结构关系图,通过专家咨询得出判断矩阵,依据判断矩阵定量计算出准则层和指标层中各因素的相对权重,然后对2013年全国31个省域基本公共气象服务均等化水平应用灰色关联综合评价模型进行实证分析。结果表明:基本公共气象服务均等化水平由西向东阶梯状递增、省域之间差异较大、总体水平偏低;大致可以分成较高、一般、较低3个区域等级;与省域经济、财政收入、综合发展能力正相关。