太湖藻源性颗粒物分解过程中氨基酸的变化特征

在实验条件下研究了高浓度蓝藻堆积后水体中的藻源性颗粒物中氨基酸的分解速率、分解量和氨基酸态氮形态的变化情况.在自然光照组中,颗粒态氨基酸(PAA)的浓度从实验前的0.46 mmol/L降至实验后的0.30 mmol/L;而在无光分解组中PAA从0.44 mmol/L降至0.06 mmol/L.两种处理下PAA的降解速率常数分别为0.03916和0.17424 d~(-1).溶解态氨基酸(DAA)在分解过程中浓度比较低,随时间的变化表现出先增大后减小的趋势,在两种不同的处理下,最大值分别为10.94和7.94μmol/L,21 d后减小到与实验开始时持平,甚至低于初始值.实验初期,PAA所占比例高达74%~80%,但迅速被分解转化为DAA和铵态氮(NH_4~+-N),随着实验的进行NH_4~+-N又逐渐转化为硝态氮,其中无光分解组中的分解更为彻底,而自然光照组中PAA分解量小于无光分解组.实验结果表明,氨基酸作为水体中浮游植物的潜在氮源,可以被分解为水华过程中藻类所需的NH_4~+-N,对水华的维持具有一定的促进作用.     

柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖沉积特征及其盐类资源评价

昆特依盐湖位于柴达木盆地西北部,是一个相对独立的沉积盆地,可反映盆地西北部的演化历史,对研究盆地内盐湖演化有重要意义。基于研究区已有的研究成果,总结和评价了昆特依盐湖沉积与盐类矿产资源,并得到以下结论:1)昆特依湖自1 925～774 ka期间以暖湿型气候为主,其后呈干冷与暖湿气候交替出现,最早成盐期为1150 ka,最终于30.6 ka成为干盐湖。昆特依盆地早期沉积的细碎屑沉积物沉积速率(0.22 mm/a)慢于晚期沉积的石盐层(0.33 mm/a);2)昆特依盐湖液体KCl储量为1.32×10~8 t,MgCl储量为2.79×10~8 t,NaCl储量为24.15×10~8 t;3)估算出赋存于昆特依盐湖石盐矿中的锂资源量达39×10~4 t,同时估算出液体中的锂资源量约有74×10~4 t,二者总量达百万吨;4)昆特依矿田的成因属典型的内陆湖相沉积,成矿控制因素以构造作用为主,其次为气候及物质来源。关于昆特依盐湖沉积特征与盐类矿产资源特征的研究,有利于对本地区地质演化更全面的认识,对合理开发利用盐类资源有重要意义。     

Holocene precipitation δ18O as an indicator of temperature history in arid central Asia: an overview of recent advances

Holocene δ¹⁸O records from various archives (ice cores, cave stalagmites, and peat sediments) from the Xinjiang region of northwestern China, in arid central Asia (ACA), are all derived ultimately from local precipitation δ¹⁸O (δ¹⁸O_p). Nevertheless, they have been proposed as indicators of different climatic parameters, such as wetness and temperature changes. This article summarizes previously reported records of moisture sources for the Xinjiang region and the results of modern observations conducted at an ice core site and a peat site in the Altai Mountains. The findings are used to propose that the overall positive trends in Holocene δ¹⁸O records from the various archives from the Xinjiang region primarily reflect the Holocene's long-term warming trend. It is concluded that more site-specific modern observations are needed to further elucidate the environmental significance of Holocene δ¹⁸O records from this region, especially for the separation of different seasonal temperature signals present within δ¹⁸O records.     

面向对象的库区高分一号影像土地利用信息提取

高分一号（GF-1）是我国自主研发的第一颗高分辨率遥感卫星,其包含地物信息较为丰富,已应用于土地利用信息提取,但在水利工程库区土地利用调查方面研究较少。本文以峡江水利枢纽工程库区为例,首先对库区影像进行了基于RPC模型的正射校正、几何精纠正等预处理;然后针对GF-1的传感器响应特性,采用基于多元线性波段拟合的方法对多光谱与全色影像进行融合,该方法相对于传统分量替换法具有更好的融合性能;最后综合利用影像的光谱、纹理及形状等特征,采用面向对象的方法对融合后的库区影像进行了地类信息提取与分类精度评价。试验结果表明,融合影像可以有效提取水利工程库区的土地利用信息,总体分类精度达到87.9%,Kappa系数为0.836,能够满足库区土地利用调查和变化监测的要求。     

祁连山北麓中段青海云杉林土壤水热时空变化特征

以祁连山北麓中段青海云杉林为研究对象,利用5套土壤温湿度自动监测系统对海拔2 500~3 300 m的青海云杉连续监测3 a,旨在探讨青海云杉林土壤水热的变化特征及土壤水热间的互作效应。结果表明：（1）7：00~19：00,土壤温度整体上呈升高趋势,8：00土壤均温最低,为1.03 ℃,18：00土壤均温最高,为1.32 ℃;土壤湿度的变化幅度较小,且差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）冷期（1~4月、11~12月）、暖期（5~10月）,各占全年的50%;8月前随月份增大土壤温湿度增大,月份增大1月,土壤均温增大2.21 ℃,湿度增大0.021 m³·m^-3,8月后随月份增大逐渐减小,月份增大1月,土壤均温减小3.12 ℃,湿度减小0.017 m³·m^-3。（3）土壤温度与海拔之间有负相关关系（R²=0.81,P<0.05）;土壤湿度与海拔之间存在二项式相关关系（R²=0.95,P <0.05）。（4）土壤温度与土层深度间呈负相关关系（P <0.05）,而土壤湿度与土层深度呈线性正相关关系（P <0.05）,土层每增加一层,土壤均温减小0.142 ℃,度约增加0.009 m³·m^-3。（5）青海云杉林土壤温度和湿度间呈显著线性负相关关系（P <0.05）。     

结合显著图和深度学习的遥感影像飞机目标识别

为准确快速识别高分辨率遥感影像中的飞机目标,提出了一种结合显著图和深度置信网络(DBN)的飞机目标识别算法。本文首先使用HC(直方图对比度)算法提取遥感影像中的显著目标;然后通过定位连通区域确定候选目标的位置;随后提取候选目标的颜色矩、Hu不变矩、灰度共生矩阵、Tamura纹理特征和边缘方向直方图;最后将归一化后的多特征融合数据应用到深度置信网络进行目标识别。试验结果表明,本文算法的检测率为98.46%,虚警率为5.20%。算法从多种底层图像特征出发,有效克服了单一特征描述能力不足的问题,提高了飞机目标识别能力及抗干扰能力。     

3D Surface velocity retrieval of mountain glacier using an offset tracking technique applied to ascending and descending SAR constellation data: a case study of the Yiga Glacier

COSMO-SkyMed is a constellation of four X-band high-resolution radar satellites with a minimum revisit period of 12 hours. These satellites can obtain ascending and descending synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with very similar periods for use in the three-dimensional (3D) inversion of glacier velocities. In this paper, based on ascending and descending COSMO-SkyMed data acquired at nearly the same time, the surface velocity of the Yiga Glacier, located in the Jiali County, Tibet, China, is estimated in four directions using an offset tracking technique during the periods of 16 January to 3 February 2017 and 1 February to 19 February 2017. Through the geometrical relationships between the measurements and the SAR images, the least square method is used to retrieve the 3D components of the glacier surface velocity in the eastward, northward and upward directions. The results show that applying the offset tracking technique to COSMO-SkyMed images can be used to derive the true 3D velocity of a glacier’s surface. During the two periods, the Yiga Glacier had a stable velocity, and the maximum surface velocity, 2.4?m/d, was observed in the middle portion of the glacier, which corresponds to the location of the steepest slope.     

Responses of Dodonaea viscosa growth and soil biological properties to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in Yuanmou dry-hot valley

Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) are limited nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems, and their limitation patterns are being changed by the increase in N deposition. However, little information concerns the plant growth and the soil biological responses to N and P additions among different soils simultaneously, and these responses may contribute to understand plant-soil interaction and predict plant performance under global change. Thus, this study aimed to explore how N and P limitation changes in different soil types, and reveal the relationship between plant and soil biological responses to nutrient additions. We planted Dodonaea viscosa, a globally distributed species in three soil types(Lixisols, Regosols and Luvisols) in Yuanmou dry-hot valley in Southwest China and fertilized them factorially with N and P. The growth and biomass characters of D. viscosa, soil organic matter, available N, P contents and soil carbon(C), N, P-related enzyme activities were quantified. N addition promoted the growth and leaf N concentration of D. viscosa in Lixisols; N limitation in Lixisols was demonstrated by lower soil available N with higher urease activity. P addition promoted the growth and leaf P concentration of D. viscosa in Luvisols; severe P limitation in Luvisols was demonstrated by a higher soil available N: P ratio with higher phosphatase activity. Urease activity was negatively correlated with soil available N in Nlimited Lixisols, and phosphatase activity was negatively correlated with soil available P in P-limited Luvisols. Besides, the aboveground biomass and leaf N concentration of D. viscosa were positively correlated with soil available N in Lixisols, but the aboveground biomass was negatively correlated with soil available P. Our results show similar nutrient limitation patterns between plant and soil microorganism in the condition of enough C, and the nutrient limitations differ across soil types. With the continued N deposition, N limitation of the Lixisols in dry hot valleys is expected to be alleviated, while P limitation of the Luvisols in the mountaintop may be worse in the future, which should be considered when restoring vegetation.     

招平断裂带北段金矿找矿新进展及控矿构造新认识

招平断裂带北段以玲珑金矿田的石英脉型金矿而闻名于世。21世纪以来,随着深部找矿的不断深入,地质工作者突破传统的石英脉型金矿找矿思路,将深部找矿的方向聚焦于招平断裂带北段的主干断裂蚀变破碎带上,蚀变岩型金矿找矿取得了重大的突破,截至2018年5月,累计探获新增金资源量超过800t。通过对招平断裂带北段空间展布、构造演化、构造控矿、构造-蚀变-矿化时空关系等方面的研究,发现NNE向的九曲蒋家断裂带及NE向破头青断裂在构造活动时间、蚀变特征、控矿特征等方面具有高度一致性,认为二者均为招平断裂带的分支。通过对两条断裂带的构造发育程度、蚀变强度、控制矿体规模等方面的对比研究,提出九曲蒋家断裂带为主干断裂,其深部找矿潜力更大,应为今后地质找矿的主要对象。     

淮南地区中—新元古界LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

淮南地区中—新元古代地层保存有大量精美的宏体碳质压膜化石和有机质壁微体化石,是新元古代大冰期之前生命演化的重要实证材料.然而,淮南地区中—新元古代地层的沉积时间仍未得到较好的约束,碎屑锆石年龄随地层层序的变化特征也未明确.为此本文对碎屑锆石数据较少的淮南寿县地区中—新元古代地层开展了系统的碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素测年.结...