新疆奥尔塘铁磷矿地质特征及找矿意义

通过库鲁克塔格地区基性-超基性杂岩带的综合研究,在奥尔塘地区发现了磁铁矿-磷灰石矿床,该矿床产于隐伏的辉长岩杂岩体中。对该含矿岩体特征、岩矿石化学组成、微量元素、稀土元素组成与矿床地质特征的调查研究,表明库鲁克塔格地区基性-超基性杂岩带铁磷矿成矿条件好,找矿前景可观。     

台风“榴莲”陆上维持及暴雨增幅的大尺度环流特征

利用"CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径集"、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及地面加密观测资料,分析了2001年0103号台风"榴莲"陆上维持及暴雨增幅的大尺度环流特征。结果表明,"榴莲"登陆后正好位于低压带中,中纬度西风槽加强南伸,构成典型的"北槽南涡",阻碍西太平洋副热带高压西伸,使得"榴莲"陆上长时间维持。西风槽后的西北气流将中纬度冷空气输送至低纬,在"榴莲"环流北部外围与东南风暖湿气流汇合,有利于强降水发生。此外,索马里和100°E越赤道气流增强显著,加强西南季风,从阿拉伯海东部,经孟加拉湾和中南半岛中南部,直至南海北部到广西大部形成一条完整的水汽输送带,充沛的水汽直达"榴莲"东北侧,有利于该时段暴雨增幅。低纬夏季风10～20天低频振荡处于极端活跃位相时,低纬低频西风偏北及低频水汽向北输送至广西南部,有利于低层辐合并提供充足水汽,对"榴莲"暴雨增幅有重要作用。     

Intercomparison of stable isotopes in precipitation simulated by GCMs with GNIP survey over East Asia

Using the isotope enabled ECHAM4, GISS E and HadCM3 GCMs, the spatial distribution of mean δ¹⁸O in precipitation, mean seasonality and the correlations of δ¹⁸O in precipitation with temperature and precipitation amount are analyzed. The simulated results are in agreement with stable isotopic features by GNIP observations. Over East Asia, the distribution of δ¹⁸O in precipitation is of marked latitude effect and altitude effect. The latitude effect is covered by the continent effect in some regions. The largest seasonality of δ¹⁸O in precipitation appears in eastern Siberia controlled by cold high pressure, and the smallest seasonality is in the western Pacific controlled by the subtropical high. Relatively weak seasonality appears in middle latitudes where oceanic and continental air masses frequently interact. However, three GCMs show significant systematic lower δ¹⁸O for inland mid-high latitudes than GNIP data, which is related to the used isotopic scheme in GCMs. Temperature effect occurs mainly in inland mid-high latitudes. The higher the latitude and the closer the distance to inland is, then the stronger the temperature effect. Amount effect occurs mainly in low-mid latitudes and monsoon areas, with the strongest effect in low-latitude coasts or islands. However, three GCMs provide virtually non-existent amount effect in arid regions over Central Asia. The enrichment action of stable isotopes in falling raindrops under a cloud base, which is enlarged by these modes, is responsible for such a result. A significant difference between spatial distributions of δ¹⁸O statistics by GCMs simulations and by GNIP observations is that the standard deviation of GCMs statistics is greater than that of GNIP statistics. In contrast, by comparing parallel time series at a single station, the standard deviations of GCMs simulations are smaller than that of GNIP observations.     

成都市近地表大气尘铅分布特征及源解析

分析了成都市近地表大气尘样品铅及其同位素含量比的测定数据,铅含量变化范围为(119.76～1327.42)×10^-6,均值为374.51×10^-6,统计标准偏差为273.36,变异系数为0.73,说明成都市近地表大气尘铅含量变化大。燃煤飞灰的放射性成因铅明显高于汽油和柴油,可作为鉴别大气尘铅来源的证据。铅同位素含量数据表明成都市近地表大气尘的铅污染是复合污染源所致,其中,相对清洁区污染以建筑扬尘为主,中度污染区是汽车尾气和扬尘的叠加作用,重污染区是燃煤飞灰汽车尾气和工业污染源的综合表征。     

河南省桐柏县银洞坡金矿床同位素地球化学

银洞坡金矿床位于河南肖桐柏地区围山城金银多金属矿带内,矿体定位受新元古界歪头山组地层控制。各成矿阶段热液石英中流体的δ~(18)O_w值为0.0‰～10.8‰,晚期碳酸盐中流体的δ~(18)O_W 值为-5.3‰～-9.7‰,流体的δD值为-65‰～-84‰,显示早阶段成矿流体以来自赋矿地层的变质水为主,晚阶段大气降水不断混入。包裹体的δ~(13)C_(CO)_2值介于-3.7‰～ 6.7‰,指示流体的碳主体来自碳酸盐储库。硫化物的δ~(34)S 值介于 1.3‰～ 3.1‰,具塔式分布特征,硫主要源自围岩歪头山组。~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=16.540～17.216,~(207)Ph/~(204)Pb=15.056～15.612,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.336～38.861,显示较明显的铀铅亏损特征,矿石铅ω值介于39.50～48.62,显示铅源的物质成熟度高,为赋矿地层歪头山组,矿石铅同位素与歪头山组地层的一致性及其与南、北秦岭其它构造岩石单元的差异表明,银洞坡金矿的成矿物质主要来自歪头山组地层。无论在成矿流体和物质来源方面,还是在矿床地质特征方面,银洞坡金矿都应属于典型的层控造山型金矿,并形成于扬子与华北大陆板块的碰撞体制。     

云南会泽铅锌矿田成矿物质来源：Pb、S、C、H、O、Sr同位素制约

云南会泽铅锌矿田是我国著名的超大型特富铅锌矿田之一,由相距3公里的矿山厂和麒麟厂两个独立的矿床组成,Zn Pb 金属量超过五百万吨,矿石品位在25%至35%之间。为确定矿床成矿流体和成矿金属来源,本文系统研究了矿床的 Pb、S、C、O、H 和 Sr 同位素组成特征。矿石硫化物的铅同位素组成均一,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb 和~(208)Pb/~(104)Pb 的变化范围分别为18.251～18.530,15.663～15.855和38.487～39.433,与围岩碳酸盐岩中浸染状黄铁矿一致,与碳酸盐地层相近,在~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb-~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb 图上显示明显的线性关系,表明铅同位素组成相近的碳酸盐围岩地层提供了成矿物质。矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S 变化范围为10.9‰～17.4‰,多数集中于13‰～17‰,表明还原硫主要来自地层中海相硫酸盐的还原,还原方式为热化学还原,下伏页岩、碎屑岩和泥质岩中的有机质在硫酸盐还原过程中发挥了重要作用。三种不同产状的脉石矿物方解石的碳氧同位素组成均一且没有明显差别,δ~(13)C 变化范围为-2.1‰～-3.5‰,δ~(18)O 为16.8‰～18.6‰。脉石矿物方解石中流体包裹体水的δD_(FI)为-50‰～-60‰,取温度为200℃计算包裹体水的δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值为7.0‰～8.8‰。碳、氧和氢、氧同位素研究结果表明,成矿流体为来自下部上升的变质流体,由于下伏页岩、碎屑岩和泥质岩中有机质的参与,成矿流体具有低的δ~(13)C和δD_(FI)值,在上升过程中与围岩发生了同位素交换。矿石中黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方解石的初始锶同位素组成(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值的变化范围为0.714～0.717,赋矿围岩中未蚀变白云岩的初始锶同位素组成(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值为0.7083～0.7093,明显低于蚀变白云岩(0.7106),表明成矿流体具有高的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值。相对围岩碳酸盐岩而言,下伏地层中的页岩、碎屑岩和泥质岩往往具有高得多的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,因此,流经或者起源于这些地层的流体具有高的锶同位素比值。     

Residents’ perspectives and responses to environmental degradation in the upper Dadu River, eastern Tibetan Plateau

1 Introduction Driven by interactions of climate change, policy introduction, population pressure and overstocking, many fragile ecotones on the Tibetan Plateau have undergone fast land cover changes, such as deforestation, meadow degeneration or even des…     

BIOMONITORING OF AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CADMIUM,COPPER, LEAD AND ZINC IN THE COASTAL WETLAND WATER BY USING GILLS OF THE GREEN- LIPPED MUSSEL PERNA VIRIDIS

1 INTRODUCTIONThe use of marine mussels for the biomonitoringpurposes is widely found in the literatures. However,the use of a particular tissue/organ for more accurateindicators of metal bioavailability and contaminationwere continually reported. For exa…     

BIOMONITORING OF AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CADMIUM, COPPER, I,EAD AND ZINC IN THE COASTAL WETLAND WATER BY USING GILLS OF THE GREEN- LIPPED MUSSEL PERNA VIRIDIS

The distribution and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in the gills and remaining soft tissues of Perna viridis collected from 12 geographical sites （ 10 from the west and 2 from the east coastal waters） of Peninsular Malaysia. All samples showed that the levels of Cd, Pb and Zn were generally higher in the gill than those in the remaining soft tissues. These results could be due to the fact that gills are the first organ of metal accumulation and larger surface area with mucus sheets in the organ. Since the mussel gill is a better accumulator of Cd, Pb and Zn of ambient seawater than remaining soft tissue, it is a potential indicator of ambient levels of dissolved metals in the ambient seawater. However, further validations based on laboratory conditions are needed.     

两种再分析资料间Hadley环流双层结构的差异

采用NCEP／NCAR、ECMWF两种再分析资料，分析了1979-1989年纬向平均经向风（[υ↑-]）及质量流函数（ψ↑-）的差异。结果表明，ECMWF资料存在明显的Hadley双层结构，NCEP／NCAR资料则未见明显的Hadley双层结构。此项研究结果虽不能证明Hadley双层结构是否客观存在，但表明低纬大气环流研究中资料选用直接影响研究结果。