山东省沿海滩涂治理开发及建议

对山东省风暴潮灾害和已建的防潮工程进行初步分析;介绍山东省滩涂治理开发规划;对海堤标准、几种灾害遭遇的机率、防潮堤和防潮闸规划、必要的技术政策问题提出了自己的见解。     

中条山胡篦型铜矿床深部特殊类型矿脉(巢)的地质特征研究

中条山地区胡篦型铜矿深部出现的四种特殊类型矿脉（巢）,其产出地质特征表明胡篦型铜矿大脉状铜矿化不完全限于矿层之内,在特殊地质环境下也可形成于矿层外部。胡篦型铜矿床在热液成矿作用晚期不是一个简单的铜质迭加富集,而是经历了一个复杂的物质演变过程,且有钴组份参与了成矿,从而丰富了矿床成因的地质认识,拓宽了今后找矿思路。     

Mapping Submerged Aquatic Vegetation with GIS in the Caloosahatchee Estuary: Evaluation of Different Interpolation Methods

This article evaluates different spatial interpolation methods for mapping submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida. Data used for interpolation were collected by the Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Early Warning System (SAVEWS). The system consists of hydro-acoustic equipment, which operates from a slow-moving boat and records bottom depth, seagrass height, and seagrass density. This information is coupled with geographic location coordinates from a Global Positioning System (GPS) and stored together in digital files, representing SAV status at points along transect lines. Adequate spatial interpolation is needed to present the SAV information, including density, height, and water depth, as spatially continuous data for mapping and for comparison between seasons and years. Interpolation methods examined in this study include ordinary kriging with five different semivariance models combined with a variable number of neighboring points, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method with different parameters, and the triangulated irregular network (TIN) method with linear and quintic options. Interpolation results were compared with survey data at selected calibration transects to examine the suitability of different interpolation methods. Suitability was quantified by the determination coefficient (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between interpolated and observed values. The most suitable interpolation method was identified as the one yielding the highest R2 value and/or the lowest RMSE value. For different geographic conditions, seasons, and SAV parameters, different interpolation methods were recommended. This study identified that kriging was more suitable than the IDW or TIN method for spatial interpolation of all SAV parameters measured. It also suggested that transect data with irregular spatial distribution patterns such as SAV parameters are sensitive to interpolation methods. An inappropriate interpolation method such as TIN can lead to erroneous spatial representation of the SAV status. With a functional geographic system and adequate computing power, the evaluation and selection of interpolation methods can be automated and quantitative, leading to a more efficient and accurate decision.     

1998年11月19日云南宁蒗6.2级地震前地震活动性特征

１９９８ 年１１ 月１９ 日在云南省宁蒗发生了一次 Ｍ６２ 级强烈地震。该次地震前, 震中及邻区地震活动明显增强, 累计频度和应变能释放随时间从线性缓慢增加变为非线性快速增加, 出现孕震空区、多项地震活动参数异常。此外, 地震活动性诸多参数在地震活动处于线性缓慢变化的时间段内, 在空间分布上表现为随机的现象; 在地震活动处于非线性快速变化的时间段内, 这些参数的空间分布表现出向未来震中收缩、集中的明显特征。     

A laboratory study of directional spectra with maximum likelihood method-Ⅰ Developing wind wave

measurements by a circular array consisting of 18 wave gauges in a large wave tank, directional spectra of wind-generated waves in deep water are systematically determined by using maximum likelihood method The investigations reveal that the angular spreading of the wave energy is consistent with cos^2s(θ/2) proposed by Longuet-Higgins et al.(1963, Ocean Wave Spectra, 111-136), if the bimodal distributions of wave energy are not taken into account. Bimodality occurring on higher frequency than peak frequency is too rare to affect our whole resalts. Surprisingly, a much broader directional spreading than that of the field, which is interpreted by the strongly nonlinear energy transfer because of the very young waves in laboratory, is found. The parameter s depends on frequency in the same way as observed by Mitsuyasu et al.(1975, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 5, 750-760) and Hasselmann et al.(1980, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 10, 1264-1280) in the field, and the relationship between the four nondimensional parameters s_m, f_o, b₁ and b₂, determining the directional width, and ū₁₀ (corresponding to the inverse of wave age) are given respectively. The observed distributions are found to agree well with the suggestion of Donelan et al.(1985, Philosophical Transaction of Royal Society of London, A315, 509-562) when applied to field waves.     

新生大鼠海马神经元体外分散培养技术研究

在实验室建立了分散的新生大鼠海马神经细胞体外培养模型。该模型属原代培养,在体外能直接观察神经元的生长发育。研究表明：该模型稳定性好,差异性小;培养神经细胞可存活１个月以上,１４ｄ左右细胞生长最为丰满,且四周晕光明显,神经突起多而粗大,分枝互成网络;１４ｄ以后生长减缓。由于在此模型培养的条件下,既不存在血脑屏障问题,又容易控制条件,便于在细胞和分子水平上深入研究神经细胞的形态学、生理学、生化代谢及药理学等方面的问题,特别适合在体外进行神经药理学的研究。     

湖泊和水库营养灰色聚类分析

选取浮游植物初级产量、浮游植物现存量、有机物耗氧量、总氮、无机氮、总磷、活性磷等七项指标,由德尔菲法确定各指标的类别界限值和权重,用灰色系统理论的定权灰色聚类方法,借用计算机对23个湖泊和水库营养类型主要参数作灰色聚类分析,以建立一种划分我国湖泊和水库营养类型的有效方法,作为渔业生产的依据。     

基于数据挖掘探析吴力群治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的用药规律

目的：基于数据挖掘分析吴力群教授治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）的用药规律。方法：收集吴教授门诊的63 例CVA患儿的处方信息,对中药进行频数描述性分析、关联规则分析、聚类分析及复杂网络分析。结果：共纳入192首中药处方,涉及135味药物,其中频次≥77次的中药有11味,前3味依次为炒莱菔子、生甘草、瓜蒌。关联规则15条,置信度最高的关联规则为茯苓-白芥子,炒莱菔子-白芥子,炒莱菔子-葶苈子,炒莱菔子-地龙、辛夷,黄芪-太子参、炒白术,胆南星-海浮石、橘红,瓜蒌-桑白皮、胆南星等;支持度最高的关联规则为炒莱菔子-苦杏仁,炒莱菔子-茯苓,瓜蒌-苦杏仁,炒莱菔子-银柴胡,炒莱菔子-辛夷等。聚类分析得到3类药物。复杂网络分析显示,法半夏、陈皮、炒莱菔子、瓜蒌、甘草、苦杏仁、胆南星、茯苓、蜜紫菀等20味中药之间的关联程度最高。结论：吴教授治疗儿童CVA用药味数较少、用药种类较为集中,常用处方为加味六安煎加减。     

Time-lag effects of vegetation responses to soil moisture evolution: a case study in the Xijiang basin in South China

The time-lag effects of droughts on vegetation responses vary significantly across a large-scale river basin. The spatio-temporal response characteristics obtained are important for decision making processes on the allocation and transportation of regional water resources in mitigating drought impacts. Here we consider the Xijiang (West River) basin in South China as a case study, which has experienced severe drought events since the beginning of the 21st century. A threshold level approach is employed to identify the major drought events over the basin in the first decade of this century. The vegetation responses to land soil water evolution are examined, particularly for the severe drought events occurred. The time-lag effects of the vegetation responses within the basin range within 0–96 days. The lower reaches of the headwater sub-basins in the west part of the Xijiang basin are identified as the regions with short time-lag effects. The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) shows consistent responses to the soil water evolution in conjunction with the climate aridity in this area, which is the drought-vulnerable area in the Xijiang basin.     

Mesozoic mafic magmatism in North China: Implications for thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere

The North China Craton (NCC) has been thinned from >200 km to <100 km in its eastern part. The ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) has been replaced by the juvenile SCLM in the Meoszoic. During this period, the NCC was destructed as indicated by extensive magmatism in the Early Cretaceous. While there is a consensus on the thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere in North China, it has been hotly debated about the mechanism of cartonic destruction. This study attempts to provide a resolution to current debates in the view of Mesozoic mafic magmatism in North China. We made a compilation of geochemical data available for Mesozoic mafic igneous rocks in the NCC. The results indicate that these mafic igneous rocks can be categorized into two series, manifesting a dramatic change in the nature of mantle sources at ~121 Ma. Mafic igneous rocks emplaced at this age start to show both oceanic island basalts (OIB)-like trace element distribution patterns and depleted to weakly enriched Sr-Nd isotope compositions. In contrast, mafic igneous rocks emplaced before and after this age exhibit both island arc basalts (IAB)-like trace element distribution patterns and enriched Sr-Nd isotope compositions. This difference indicates a geochemical mutation in the SCLM of North China at ~121 Ma. Although mafic magmatism also took place in the Late Triassic, it was related to exhumation of the deeply subducted South China continental crust because the subduction of Paleo-Pacific slab was not operated at that time. Paleo-Pacific slab started to subduct beneath the eastern margin of Eruasian continent since the Jurrasic. The subducting slab and its overlying SCLM wedge were coupled in the Jurassic, and slab dehydration resulted in hydration and weakening of the cratonic mantle. The mantle sources of ancient IAB-like mafic igneous rocks are a kind of ultramafic metasomatites that were generated by reaction of the cratonic mantle wedge peridotite not only with aqueous solutions derived from dehydration of the subducting Paleo-Pacific oceanic crust in the Jurassic but also with hydrous melts derived from partial melting of the subducting South China continental crust in the Triassic. On the other hand, the mantle sources of juvenile OIB-like mafic igneous rocks are also a kind of ultramafic metasomatites that were generated by reaction of the asthenospheric mantle underneath the North China lithosphere with hydrous felsic melts derived from partial melting of the subducting Paleo-Pacific oceanic crust. The subducting Paleo-Pacific slab became rollback at ~144 Ma. Afterwards the SCLM base was heated by laterally filled asthenospheric mantle, leading to thinning of the hydrated and weakened cratonic mantle. There was extensive bimodal magmatism at 130 to 120 Ma, marking intensive destruction of the cratonic lithosphere. Not only the ultramafic metasomatites in the lower part of the cratonic mantle wedge underwent partial melting to produce mafic igneous rocks showing negative ε_Nd(t) values, depletion in Nb and Ta but enrichment in Pb, but also the lower continent crust overlying the cratonic mantle wedge was heated for extensive felsic magmatism. At the same time, the rollback slab surface was heated by the laterally filled asthenospheric mantle, resulting in partial melting of the previously dehydrated rocks beyond rutile stability on the slab surface. This produce still hydrous felsic melts, which metasomatized the overlying asthenospheric mantle peridotite to generate the ultramafic metasomatites that show positive ε_Nd(t) values, no depletion or even enrichment in Nb and Ta but depletion in Pb. Partial melting of such metasomatites started at ~121 Ma, giving rise to the mafic igneous rocks with juvenile OIB-like geochemical signatures. In this context, the age of ~121 Ma may terminate replacement of the ancient SCLM by the juvenile SCLM in North China. Paleo-Pacific slab was not subducted to the mantle transition zone in the Mesozoic as revealed by modern seismic tomography, and it was subducted at a low angle since the Jurassic, like the subduction of Nazca Plate beneath American continent. This flat subduction would not only chemically metasomatize the cratonic mantle but also physically erode the cratonic mantle. Therefore, the interaction between Paleo-Pacific slab and the cratonic mantle is the first-order geodynamic mechanism for the thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere in North China.