Sex determination and differentiation in Aurelia sp.1: the absence of temperature dependence

Cnidarians, being regarded as ‘basal' metazoan animals, are considered to have relatively high plasticity in terms of sex reversal. In this study we used an experimental approach to demonstrate sexual diff erentiation and plasticity in benthic polyps and pelagic medusae of A urelia sp.1 maintained at dif ferent temperatures. Results indicated that in A urelia sp.1, sex diff erentiation has been determined at the polyp stage and that all medusae originating from a given polyp are, phenotypically, of the same sex. In addition, the sex of polyps budding from the same clone(either male or female) at dif ferent temperatures appears to be the same as that of the parent. The sex of medusae that had originated from a known-sex polyp was observed to remain the same as that of the parent, irrespective of differences in strobilation or rearing temperatures. These results indicate that the mechanism of sex determination of Aurelia sp.1. is not influenced by prevailing temperature regimes. A comparison of variability in terms of sexual plasticity of A urelia sp.1 with that of Hydrozoa and Anthozoa suggests that species characterized by a free-swimming medusa life stage have a high dispersal potential, which probably results in a lower rate of sex reversal.     

An assessment of Arctic cloud water paths in atmospheric reanalyses

The role of Arctic clouds in the recent rapid Arctic warming has attracted much attention. However, Arctic cloud water paths(CWPs) from reanalysis datasets have not been well evaluated. This study evaluated the CWPs as well as LWPs(cloud liquid water paths) and IWPs(cloud ice water paths) from five reanalysis datasets(MERRA-2,MERRA, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and ERA5) against the COSP(Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observations Simulator Package) output for MODIS from the MERRA-2 CSP(COSP satellite simulator) collection(defined as M2 Modis in short). Averaged over 1980–2015 and over the Arctic region(north of 60°N), the mean CWPs of these five datasets range from 49.5 g/m~2(MERRA) to 82.7 g/m~2(ERA-Interim), much smaller than that from M2 Modis(140.0 g/m~2). However, the spatial distributions of CWPs, show similar patterns among these reanalyses, with relatively small values over Greenland and large values over the North Atlantic. Consistent with M2 Modis, these reanalyses show larger LWPs than IWPs, except for ERA-Interim. However, MERRA-2 and MERRA underestimate the ratio of IWPs to CWPs over the entire Arctic, while ERA-Interim and JRA-55 overestimate this ratio. ERA5 shows the best performance in terms of the ratio of IWPs to CWPs. All datasets exhibit larger CWPs and LWPs in summer than in winter. For M2 Modis, IWPs hold seasonal variation similar with LWPs over the land but opposite over the ocean. Following the Arctic warming, the trends in LWPs and IWPs during 1980～2015 show that LWPs increase and IWPs decrease across all datasets, although not statistically significant. Correlation analysis suggests that all datasets have similar interannual variability. The study further found that the inclusion of re-evaporation processes increases the humidity in the atmosphere over the land and that a more realistic liquid/ice phase can be obtained by independently treating the liquid and ice water contents.     

解梁与块单元衔接问题的新方法—单点约束法

本文通过单点约束方程,提出了解梁与块单元衔接问题的新方法。该方法比其它方法具有更大的灵活性和精确性,可推广到解其它不同维数的单元之间的衔接问题。     

华南型块状硫化物矿床中的胶黄铁矿及其退火作用

华南型块状硫化物矿床中胶黄铁矿的退火过程从早到晚可分成三个阶段:原始晶化变胶体阶段、不等粒变晶生长阶段和颗粒界面调整阶段。不同阶段的矿石各具特征性的结构,反映了燕山期侵入活动对于先存胶黄铁矿的不同程度热效应。     

环境水样中铀、钍、镭和铅同位素及其比值的系统分析

本文研究了从5L水中用铁、铅、钡和铈作载体,系统分析~(234)U、~(238)U、~(228)Th、~(230)Th~(232)Th、~(224)Ra、~(226)Ra、~(228)Ra和~(210)Pb的含量或比值。铀、钍经Fe(OH)_3沉淀富集后用TBP萃淋树脂柱分离,用激光荧光和比色法测定,同位素比值用α谱仪测量,化学回收率在90％以上,测量下限分别为1μg/L和3μg/L。镭、铅经硫酸盐沉淀富集后,用EDTA在不同pH条件下分离,~(224)Ra和~(226)Ra用射气法测定,~(228)Ra和~(210)Pb分别用其β子体~(228)Ac和~(210)Bi在低本底β装置上测量,测量下限分别为2.5×10~(-2)、8×10~(-3)、4×10~(-3)和5×10~(-3)Bq/L。     

环境水中^210Po的测量

水样用盐酸酸化后,用Fe(OH)_3沉淀富集~(210)Po,在0.2—0.5mol/L盐酸介质中70℃时在铜或银片上自镀3h,在低水下α测量仪上测量。全程回收率>95％,对<5×10~(-4)Bq/L的自来水,相对均方差<±20％。     

武汉地区自然光照度及其在光敏核不育上的应用

通过对自然光３年的逐日观测表明，一定照度的光时受天气状况影响发生明显变化，晴天光时长、阴雨天光时短，低温伴随着短光时。武汉地区光照度（Ｅ）大于５０ｌｘ，光时大于１３ｈ ４５ｍｉｎ的持续时间是６月￣８月１日，该时段内基本可满足光敏核不育的光照条件。     

迭代法井间地震衍射层析成像

从各向同性非均匀介质中弹性波波动方程出发，导出了在弱不均匀条件下，频率－波数域衍射场方程，给出了格林函数解析解。在电磁波地球物理层析成像数据合成的基础上，用类“体电流法（ＶＣＭ）”，将解析解线性化，得到未作Ｂｏｒｎ近似或Ｒｙｔｏｖ近似的衍射场数值解，便于计算合成数据。采用迭代法进行反演，每步迭代中，采用等比Ｎｅｕｍａｎｎ级数解；反问题用ＳＶＤ法求解，探讨了阻尼因子的取法。数值模型试验表明，这种算法是有效和成功的，成像的分辨率较高，对介质的均匀性要求有所降低，为实际应用创造了进一步条件。     

水网区区域水位模型及其应用

水网区在宏观尺度上可被视为一种连续介质,可用水在多孔介质中的运动来比拟水网中水的运动.在这种概化条件下,推求出水网区水体运动的表述方法.利用这一方法建立的太湖水网区区域水位模型,与实际情况相比,获得了较好的效果.     

锂离子选择电极的研究 Ⅲ.：开链聚醚三（二环己酰胺）锂电极的制备和应用

以合成的开链聚醚三(二环己酰胺)等中性载体制成了PVC膜Li~+电极,研究了载体结构、膜成分与电极性能的关系,在聚醚三酰胺的胺基中,以环己基取代直链的烷基,显著地改善了Li~+—载体的性能,以邻苯二甲酸二癸酯或其和二苄醚混合增塑的1,1,1—三[1′—(2′—氧杂—3′—二环己胺基羰基)丙基]丙烷Li~+—电极的线性响应范围为2×10~(-5)～10~(-1)mol/L LiCl,K_(Li+Na)~(pot)～8×10~(-3),以Mg(Ac)_2为离子强度调节缓冲剂,用标准比较法或样品加入法测定了LiCl—HCl—H_2O或LiCl—MgCl_2—HCl—H_2O体系中的Li~+,LiCl含量≥2％的样品,测定误差≤5％。