固体潮观测数据预处理中的常用方法及计算机实现

从地震台站产出的原始地形变前兆数据出发,提出实际操作性较强的预处理方法,从已编制好的软件中给出处理实例,从而提高地震台站观测人员的科研能力,填补资料预处理方面的某些空白,对于地震台站人员集观测、科研于一体有着十分重要的意义。从95-01-02项目厦门地震台前兆数据预处理的实践表明:这些方法取得了明显的实效,直到今天仍然具有很大的使用价值。     

基于吸力量测确定膨胀土活动带和裂隙深度

采用M itchell公式和裂隙扩展深度方程两种吸力法确定安康地区膨胀土大气影响深度和裂隙开展深度。其一通过对安康地区两处天然边坡开挖观测井,利用张力计进行不同深度处吸力值的现场量测,根据M itchell提出公式计算大气影响深度;其二根据非饱和土抗拉强度公式,建立膨胀土裂隙扩展深度方程,利用基质吸力量测结果求其理论解。结果表明,安康地区膨胀土吸力变化曲线随深度增加变幅减小,呈波浪式推移。M itchell公式确定安康地区膨胀土的大气影响深度为3.35m以内,裂隙深度方程确定裂隙开展深度为3.063.14m。利用M itchell公式计算大气影响深度与膨胀土断裂理论公式确定的裂隙开展深度结果接近。     

城市群创新联系网络结构与创新效率研究

引入修正引力模型、社会网络分析方法、DEA模型以及Tobit模型,探讨2001—2015年京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大城市群的创新联系网络结构对创新效率的影响。研究表明：① 创新联系格局方面,京津冀城市群呈现以“京津”为核心的放射状发展特征,长三角城市群呈现以“Z”字形为主轴的类钻石型空间格局,珠三角城市群形成了以珠江口两侧城市为核心、其他城市为重要节点的空间格局;② 在创新联系网络结构特征方面,京津冀城市群呈极核式发展,群内创新联系高度依赖于核心城市,长三角和珠三角城市群由单中心驱动转变为多中心驱动,呈均衡发展特征,京津冀和珠三角城市群创新联系网络具有“小世界”网络特征;③ Tobit模型回归结果显示,三大城市群中,城市节点在城市群创新联系网络中的中心位置、中介地位、对结构洞的运用能力和集聚程度对其创新效率的影响存在差异。     

Geophysical Signature of the Shallow Water Flow in the Deepwater Basin of the Northern South China Sea

Shallow water flow (SWF), a disastrous geohazard in the continental margin, has threatened deepwater drilling operations. Under overpressure conditions, continual flow delivering unconsolidated sands upward in the shallow layer below the seafloor may cause large and long-lasting uncontrolled flows; these flows may lead to control problems and cause well damage and foundation failure. Eruptions from over-pressured sands may result in seafloor craters, mounds, and cracks. Detailed studies of 2D/3D seismic data from a slope basin of the South China Sea (SCS) indicated the potential presence of SWF. It is commonly characterized by lower elastic impedance, a higher Vp/Vs ratio, and a higher Poisson’s ratio than that for the surrounding sediments. Analysis of geological data indicated the SWF zone originated from a deepwater channel system with gas bearing over-pressured fluid flow and a high sedimentation rate. We proposed a fluid flow model for SWF that clearly identifies its stress and pressure changes. The rupture of previous SWF zones caused the fluid flow that occurred in the Baiyun Sag of the northern SCS.     

再探温跃层有孔虫B/Ca与温度和[CO32-]的依赖性及其在24 ka以来热带西太平洋次表层碳酸盐系统重建中的应用

The B/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifer shells has been used as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean carbonate chemistry. However, recent studies have revealed significant uncertainties associated with this proxy, such as whether seawater temperature or [ CO_3~(2-)] is the dominant control on the partition coefficient(K_D) of planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca. To address these uncertainties and thus improve our understanding of the planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy, we analysed B/Ca ratios in the tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei(300–355 μm) and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata(355–400 μm) in surface sediment samples from the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea. The relationship between these B/Ca ratios and bottom water calcite saturation states(Δ[ CO_3~(2-)]) is weak, thus suggesting only a small dissolution effect on the B/Ca of the two species. The correlation coefficients(R~2) between the B/Ca ratios of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and environmental parameters(e.g., temperature, salinity, phosphate, DIC and ALK) in the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea are not high enough to justify using B/Ca ratios as a palaeoenvironmental proxy in the study areas. The significant correlation between K_D values of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and carbonate system parameters(e.g.,[ CO_3~(2-)], DIC, ALK, pH and [ HCO_3~-]) in the study area reflect chemical links between the K_D denominator and these variables. Based on our surface sediment calibration, an empirical relationship between the K_D of N.dutertrei and temperature is proposed in the tropical western Pacific. We also generated a record of B/Ca ratios in N. dutertrei(300–355 μm) from Core MD06-3052 in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka to evaluate the application of the revised B/Ca proxy method. Based on the reconstructed empirical relationship for B/Ca and subsurface seawater ALK, we estimated subsurface seawater carbonate system parameters in the tropical western Pacific since 24 ka. In general, the estimated subsurface seawater pH and [ CO_3~(2-)] show an increase with time, and the record of subsurface seawater pCO_2 shows a decrease with time, in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka. The consistent trends in subsurface seawater pCO_2 and opal flux during deglaciation may imply that the reported increase in subsurface water pCO_2 in the study area was promoted by enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean.     

基于内存映射文件技术的海量VCT2.0数据库文件管理方法

讨论VCT2.0数据库文件的存储结构,研究Windows内存管理机制和内存映射文件技术的基本原理,实现内存映射文件技术存海量VCT2.0数据库文件管理上的应用,并完成性能分析.     

广东省公路交通网络分形空间特征研究

基于分形理论,以GIS技术为支撑,利用回转半径法测算了广东省全域及其所辖21个地级市公路交通网络半径维数D_L、分枝维数D_b和对应相关系数R²。依据广东省公路交通网络的特点,将其辖区分为四个子区域:珠三角、东部沿海、西部沿海和粤北地区,分析其半径维数和分枝维数的空间分布特征。研究表明,珠三角地区为广东省公路交通网络密度最大、结构最复杂、功能最完善、连通性最优的区域;以珠三角为中心,广东省公路交通网络分形半径维数和分枝维数随距离增大而衰减,沿海衰减程度微弱,粤北衰减程度较大。结果显示,半径维数和分枝维数结合能够更为合理系统地分析交通网络分形特征的时空差异特性。     

Research on the panel adjustment method of an active main reflector for a large radio telescope

The surface accuracy of a large parabolic antenna is an important indicator to evaluate the quality of the antenna.It not only directly affects the antenna’s aperture efficiency,thereby determining the shortest wavelength that the antenna can work,but also affects the main lobe width and side lobe structure of the antenna pattern.Microwave holography is an important method for parabolic antenna profile detection.In this article we adopt a new algorithm to adjust the panels for the large radio telescope with an active main reflector through the TM65 m antenna’s aperture phase profile.The panels of the TM65 m radio telescope is in a radial pattern with 14 rings.Each corner of the panel is fixed on the screw of the actuator to move up and down,and the adjacent corners of the four panels share an actuator.We use the method of plane fitting to calculate the adjustment value of every panel’s corner.But one actuator,which simultaneously controls the common corner of the adjacent panels,will have different adjustment values according to the different plane fitting equation based on adjacent panels.In this paper,the adjustment value of the adjacent panels’crosspoints are constrained to be equal to the constraint condition to calculate each actuator’s adjustment value of the TM65 m radio telescope.Through multiple adjustments and application of the new algorithms,the accuracy of the TM65 m antenna reflector profile has been improved from the original 0.28 mm to the current 0.19 mm.     

中国斑岩铜矿与埃达克(质)岩关系探讨

对比研究了中国26个主要斑岩铜矿的地球化学特征和年代学,结果表明其中25个矿床与埃达克(质)岩有成因联系,且多数与玄武质下地壳熔融形成的埃达克岩(C型)有关,现有数据表明土屋-延东和普朗斑岩铜矿可能与俯冲板片熔融形成的埃达克岩(O型)有关。容矿斑岩的初始锶值为0.7034～0.7090,均大于洋中脊玄武岩和亏损地幔的初始锶值,多数与EMI的初始锶值接近,推测其源区或源岩主要为玄武质下地壳,少数为洋中脊玄武岩,并受到中、上地壳不同程度的混染,这与两类埃达克岩的源区基本一致。虽然埃达克质岩浆具有形成斑岩铜矿的巨大潜力,但并非所有埃达克岩都能成矿,不同岩体需具体分析。     

全国重要矿产总量预测方法

全国重要矿产资源评价涉及25种重要矿产的近百种矿床类型,需要在1∶20万尺度水平圈定成矿预测远景区,并科学估算各远景区资源量,为国家矿产资源战略勘查和战略部署提供技术支撑。为了保证预测成果在同一层面上进行全国汇总,制定了全国一致的、标准的技术要求和方法。通过对中国以往一轮、二轮区划预测方法、全国矿产资源总量预测方法及国外最新预测方法的分析和总结,结合近年来预测理论的新发展,确定了全国重要矿产总量预测的理论基础是成矿系列理论、现代成矿动力学理论和综合信息矿产预测理论,采用的预测思路是矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法。文章陈述了总量预测的方法流程和预测技术要求,有关方法思路可供资源评价人员参考。