羌塘盆地晚三叠世含煤岩系沉积体系与层序地层学特征

利用地层剖面岩相组合、沉积构造序列,结合粒度分布特征等分析了研究区晚三叠世沉积体系与沉积环境演化,建立了含煤岩系层序地层格架,讨论了含煤岩系层序地层学特征和煤层在层序格架下的位置、聚煤特征及空间分布规律。研究表明,晚三叠世含煤岩系沉积体系有浅海碎屑陆棚沉积体系、滨岸沉积体系及三角洲沉积体系,其中三角洲沉积体系的三角洲平原是区内最主要的成煤地带,煤层均位于SQ1层序的高位体系域内,分布于盆地中央隆起带内,向南、北两侧,由于水体加深而脱离沼泽沉积环境,不利于煤层的形成。中央隆起带是羌塘盆地今后重要的找煤方向。     

Modeling N2O Emissions from Agricultural Fields in Southeast China

DNDC, a rainfall-driven and process-oriented model of soil carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry, is applied to simulate the nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural ecosystem in Southeast China. We simulated the soil N₂O emission during a whole rice-wheat rotation cycle (from Nov. 1, 1996 to Oct. 31, 1997) under three different conditions, which are A) no fertilizer, B) both chemical fertilizer and manure and, C) chemical fertilizer only. The processes of N₂O emission were discussed in detail by comparing the model outputs with the results from field measurement. The comparison shows that the model is good at simulating most of the N₂O emission pulses and trends. Although the simulated N₂O emission fluxes are generally less than the measured ones, the model outputs during the dryland period, especially during the wheat reviving and maturing stages in spring, are much better than those during the paddy field period. Some sensitive experiments were made by simulating the N₂O emissions in spring, when there is a smallest gap between the simulated fluxes and the measured ones. Meanwhile, the effects of some important regulating factors, such as the rainfall, N deposition by rainfall, temperature, tillage, nitrogen fertilizer and manure application on N₂O emission during this period were analyzed. From the analysis, we draw a conclusion that soil moisture and fertilization are the most important regulating factors while the N₂O emission is sensitive to some other factors, such as temperature, manure, tillage and the wet deposition of atmospheric nitrate.     

甘肃省临夏盆地渐新世—中中新世爪兽科和马科（奇蹄目，哺乳纲）化石

甘肃临夏盆地因巨厚的新生代陆相沉积和大量的哺乳动物化石而闻名于世,其中奇蹄目化石因在生物地层和古环境研究方面有重要意义而备受关注。本文描述了甘肃省临夏盆地发现的3种爪兽和一种安琪马化石。椒子沟地点的Schizotherium ordosium进一步证实椒子沟组的时代当属晚渐新世;老沟地点和上沟地点的Schizotheriinae gen.et sp.indet.和Anisodon sp.表明在中中新世全球气候适宜期,我国北方爪兽类的生物多样性是比较高的;上沟地点的Anchitherium gobiense是通古尔期的代表物种之一,它的存在说明上沟化石地点的时代为中中新世晚期。爪兽类和安琪马都是林栖型的动物,指示了临夏盆地晚渐新世以疏林环境为主,中中新世晚期温湿森林更加普遍。     

岩溶水勘察中测井资料的综合应用

本文主要以山西晋城、离（石）柳（林）、阳曲等碳酸盐地层供水勘探中的实际资料为例，论述各种水文测井方法解释含水层的局限性和如何综合利用测井资料，正确确定含水层、隔水层位置及补给关系。实践表明，井温和井液电阻率测井，方法简便易行，能直接反映地下水的一些特征，必须测量；声幅曲线能直接反映裂隙层位，应尽可能施测。     

转绘技术在地图修测中的应用

利用卫星图像修测地图时,首先对卫星图像的大地坐标、投影性质等进行设定,使其与地图相统一,然后利用地图对卫星图像进行几何精校正,最后把卫星图像和地图叠加在一起进行转绘。实际工作表明,与传统外业测量方式相比,利用此技术修测地图更加方便、高效,且制作的地图具有较高精度,能较好地满足地图修测工作需要。     

水磨—苟家地区早二叠世岩石地层及沉积环境新认识

本文详细描述了有地区飞来峰早二叠世地层剖面。首次将区内早二叠世地层划归于阳新组并细分的四个岩性段,从而建立了地层层序。讨论了各岩性段的岩石学特征,基本层序及沉积环境,证实区内属浅滩－潮坪相“红色岩系”地层属阳新组二段而不是三叠系,为区内地层归属及构造格架提供了新资料。     

Super-enrichment of lithium and niobium in the upper Permian Heshan Formation in Pingguo,Guangxi, China

The upper Permian Heshan Formation in Pingguo, Guangxi, China, is strongly enriched in lithium(Li) and niobium(Nb). The lower bauxite layer contains 0.02–0.04 wt.% Nb_2O_5(averaging 0.035 wt.%), and the overlying clay rock layer contains 0.06–1.05 wt.% Li_2O(averaging 0.44 wt.%), both of which exceed the cut-off grades for independent Li and Nb deposits and are therefore highly prospective. In this study, a preliminary discussion of the genesis of the Li and Nb enrichment is presented to serve as a reference for the investigation, evaluation, and prospecting for clay-and sedimentary-type Li and Nb ores in other regions. The preliminary conclusions are that:(1) The bauxite ore contains abundant anatase, which positively correlates with the whole-rock concentrations of TiO_2 and Nb, indicating that the Nb is hosted mainly in the anatase;(2) the cookeite content in the clay rock positively correlates with the whole-rock Li concentration, indicating that cookeite is the main carrier mineral of Li,and its genesis can be attributed to reactions between clay minerals(e.g., pyrophyllite and illite) and Li-Mg-rich underground brine or pore water and groundwater in coastal areas; and(3) provenance analysis of immobile elements(Al, Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf,and rare earth elements) suggests distinct sources for the Nb-rich bauxite and the overlying Li-rich clay rocks, with the bauxite and Nb originating largely from alkaline felsic rocks in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, and the clay rocks being derived from peraluminous or moderately fractionated felsic rocks associated with Permian Paleo-Tethyan magmatic arcs.     

IAP PSSCA 两组预测试验的评估及比较 I.降水部分

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的短期气候距平数值预测系统（IAP PSSCA）,　　种版本的大气环流模式：AGCM 1.1和AGCM 1.2,分别以2月11～19日的9天大气观测值为初始场,以给定海温为边界场,对1980～1994年的15年的降水异常进行了两组集合后报试验。对试验结果进行定量评估表明：IAP PSSCA对降水异常具有一定的预测能力,特别是在中国东部受东亚季风及海温异常影响的地区,IAP PSSCA具有较高的预报技巧,其中以东南区域（包括江淮流域和华南地区）最高,尤其是对有洪涝灾害的降水异常年,距平相关系数在0.50左右,接近可供业务使用的要求,说明模式能够抓住在东亚季风区存在的某种物理机制,从而提高了这一地区的预报技巧;另外,两个大气环流模式相比,改进了地表反照率的AGCM 1.2的15年集合平均预测技巧略高于AGCM 1.1,特别是在华北地区,预测效果有明显提高,这表明改进地表反照率从而改进了模式的气候平均态的模拟,能提高气候模式的预测能力,说明较好的陆面过程引入模式对短期气候预测是有益的。     

基于小波的图像插值方法

本文在分析已有插值基函数和小波函数、小波变换的基础上提出一种应用小波作为插值基函数进行图像插值的方法,给出了该方法在一般图像插值方面在多幅图像的信息揉合和累积方面的应用,并分析了一般图像插值方法在图像之间存在辐照度差异时的可行性和在同名点之间存在相对空间信息差异时的操作方法。最后,采用４幅ＰＯＬＤＥＲ多角度遥感图像对本文所述方法进行了验证。实验表明,本文所述方法是可以较好地进行图像插值的。     

2017年西藏米林MS6.9地震前地磁垂直强度极化异常特征

基于中国大陆65 个地磁台站秒采样观测资料,利用地磁垂直强度极化方法提取了2017年西藏米林M_S6.9 地震震中及附近区域超低频电磁异常信号并分析其时空演化特征。结果显示:米林M_S6.9 地震前在青藏高原出现了大范围的地磁垂直强度极化高值异常,异常过程共持续9天;高值异常开始于2017 年10 月30 日,高值持续3 天之后出现短时间下降,随即转折上升,再次出现高值异常并持续了4 天,在此过程中各高值台站的时序曲线呈现出单峰或双峰的形态。空间分布图显示高值异常在中国大陆西部区域反复出现,尤其是在青藏高原巴颜喀拉地块与羌塘地块的交界处。异常呈“出现—扩大—收缩—消失—扩大—消失”的演化过程,10月31日异常面积达到最大值。异常过程结束后10天发生了西藏米林M_S6.9地震,震中距离10 月31 日异常阈值线5 km。综合分析认为,此次异常与米林地震具有较强的时空相关性,是可靠的地震电磁前兆异常。