土库曼斯坦萨曼杰佩气田卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩沉积-成岩系统

以土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地萨曼杰佩气田主力油、气产层卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩为例,根据沉积相、成岩作用方式、成岩演化序列和相对应的地质作用产物特征,综合研究Fe、Mn、Sr微量元素,C、O、Sr稳定同位素,流体包裹体和阴极发光等地球化学特征反映的成岩环境和成岩流体性质。按"水文体制"将卡洛夫-牛津阶划分为不同成岩阶段的海水-淡水、压实卤水和深循环温压水3个成岩系统,认为沉积-成岩系统与储层在时空上具有良好的耦合关系,可归结为:台地边缘生物礁和浅滩相控制了储层的区域分布;早成岩阶段淡水系统溶蚀作用和压实卤水成岩系统的浅埋藏白云岩化作用是形成储层的基础;中成岩阶段的温压水成岩系统埋藏溶蚀作用、中-深埋藏白云石化作用和构造破裂作用扩大了储层规模,提高了储层质量,对优质储层发育贡献最大。     

Microbial alteration of natural gas in Xinglongtai field of the Bohai Bay Basin, China

Xinglongtai field has been an important petroleum-producing area of Liaohe Depression for 30 years. Oil exploration and production were the focus of this field, but the gas was ignored. This study examined twenty five gas samples with the purpose of determining the gas genetic types and their geochemical characteristics. Molecular components, stable carbon isotopic compositions and light hydrocarbons were also measured, and they proved that microbial activity has attacked some of the gas components which resulted in unusual carbon isotopic distributions. Propane seems to be selectively attacked during the initial stage of microbial alteration, with abnormally lower con-tent compared to that of butane as well as anomalously heavy carbon isotope. As a consequence, the carbon isotopic distribution among the gas components is partially reverse, as δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3>δ13C4. Besides, n-alkanes of C3+ gas components are preferentially attacked during the process of microbial alteration. This is manifested that n-alkanes are more enriched in 13C than corresponding iso-alkanes. As a result, the concentrations of n-alkanes be-come very low, which may be misleading in indentifying the gas genetic types. As to four gas samples, light hydro-carbon compositions display evidence for microbial alteration. The sequence of hexane isomers varies obviously with high content of 2,3-DMC4, which indicates that they have been in the fourth level of extensively bacterial al-teration. So the geochemical characteristics can be affected by microbial alteration, and recognition of microbial alteration in gas accumulations is very important for interpreting the natural gas genetic types.     

海洋次表层叶绿素最大值的特征因子及其影响因素

在多数情况下,海水中叶绿素垂直分布是不均匀的。次表层叶绿素最大值是其中较为常见的一种形式,普遍存在于大洋及沿岸海域。次表层叶绿素最大值层(SCML)的深度、厚度与强度是表征海洋次表层叶绿素最大值(SCM)现象的主要特征因子,受海洋水文环境、营养盐分布以及浮游植物种类等因素共同影响,在不同季节不同海区的分布有较大差异。总体上,相对近海,大洋中SCML特征因子的季节变化较小,SCML深度较大,厚度较大,强度较小。寡营养盐海区SCML深度及强度的影响因素研究已有较明确结论,SCML深度主要受物理因素(光照条件及水体混合程度)影响,而强度则受物理、生物因素(光照条件、水体混合程度或浮游动物摄食等)共同影响。近海富营养盐海区,SCML特征因子的影响因素研究较为薄弱。长时间序列、高分辨率观测站在相应海区的建立,对推进海洋SCM,尤其是近海SCM的研究有重要意义。卫星观测、现场观测和数学模型相结合,定量研究SCML特征因子与各物理、生物、化学因子的普适性关系,是进一步研究SCML特征因子的重要方向之一。     

鄱阳湖流域水化学特征及影响因素分析

在地球表生系统中,化学风化作用强烈改变着岩石、水体、土壤和大气成分,是元素地球化学循环的最主要驱动力。河水溶解物质主要来源于流域内岩石化学风化,同时受到降水、人类活动的影响。文中通过对鄱阳湖流域河水样品的采集和化学成分分析,结合流域地质背景,研究了河水化学成分特征及其影响因素。结果显示,与20世纪80年代相比,本区河水Cl-、SO24-所占比例显著增高,有逐渐酸化趋势;与世界上其他主要河流相比较,该区Ca2+/Na+、Mg2+/Na+、HCO3-/Na+等比值偏低,反映了较强的蒸发岩溶解及人类活动影响特征。该区河水离子特征主要由岩石风化所控制,降水对该区河水溶解物质贡献率为10.3%,农业生产活动对鄱阳湖水溶解物质贡献率为4.9%,矿山活动对饶河丰水期、枯水期离子总量贡献率分别为8.9%、14.6%。     

中扬子区东缘中古生界对冲构造体系形成与演化

中扬子区东缘侏罗纪末期—白垩纪早期,受大洪山推覆区南西方向和江南雪峰逆冲推覆区北西方向的强烈挤压,形成了压扭性狭长的对冲构造体系; 两大推覆区的形成主要受深、浅变质岩结晶基底内幕两套拆离滑脱层系的作用,导致沉积盖层压缩沿基底面、志留系底面、泥盆系底面多层次滑脱推覆,产生了多样的挤压和压扭构造类型及其样式; 由造山带向盆内构造变形具有渐变的特点,为不对称式的仰冲(根带)—楔状掩冲(中带)—滑脱推覆(锋带)—对冲带; 持续压扭作用导致产生系列北东向左行走滑断裂将对冲构造体系分割; 白垩纪晚期—下第三纪,挤压转换为伸展环境,断裂负反转回滑成为中新生代断陷主控断裂,认为大洪山推覆区锋带已处于通海口—杨林尾—汉南一线,主体由于受洪湖走滑断裂和通海口断裂回滑的影响,接受了上白垩统—第四系沉积,仅保留了东、西两端弧形构造带古生界出露的构造面貌。     

Utilization of an H-reversal trajectory of a solar sail for asteroid deflection

Near Earth Asteroids have a possibility of impacting the Earth and always represent a threat. This paper proposes a way of changing the orbit of the asteroid to avoid an impact. A solar sail evolving in an H-reversal trajectory is utilized for asteroid deflection. Firstly, the dynamics of the solar sail and the characteristics of the H-reversal trajectory are analyzed. Then, the attitude of the solar sail is optimized to guide the sail to impact the target asteroid along an H-reversal trajectory. The impact...     

武当-桐柏-大别成矿带铜矿成矿规律

武当-桐柏-大别成矿带可分为南秦岭造山带、北淮阳构造带、桐柏-大别构造带三个二级构造单元,在南秦岭造山带广泛分布变质热液型铜矿,北淮阳构造带内产出VMS型、岩浆熔离型及斑岩型铜矿,桐柏-大别构造带则分布有岩浆热液型和矽卡岩型铜矿。构造单元的性质对区内产出的铜矿类型具有较强的控制作用。变质热液型铜矿主要与浅变质作用有关,变质流体以断层为运移通道并最终就位于黑色岩系内的次级断层。VMS型、岩浆熔离型、斑岩型铜矿与岩浆作用密切相关,产出在岩体内部及与围岩的接触带。岩浆热液型及矽卡岩型铜矿形成于岩浆作用晚期阶段,分布在岩体与围岩接触带及附近构造裂隙带等部位。     

Efficiency assessment of the energy consumption and economic indicators in Beijing under the influence of short-term climatic factors: based on data envelopment analysis methodology

In this paper, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is introduced to analyze the input–output efficiency of energy consumption and economic indicators in Beijing city under the influence of short-term climatic factors. Total energy consumption, fixed asset investment, average temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, average wind velocity and the average pressure being employed as the input variables, gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita disposable income being employed as the output variables, effective technology and the validity of the scale of DEA of 31 decision-making units (DMUs) under the influence of the short-term climatic factors are analyzed, and the inefficient DMUs are improved. Empirical analysis shows that both energy consumption and economic growth are sensitive to short-term climate condition, and the reasonable employing of extreme climatic conditions is a question worthy of consideration. This study provides effective basis for the scientific and reasonable arrangement of Beijing city’s short-term climatic resources and energy–economic development.     

Meteorological and environmental effects on manufacturing in Jiangsu,China

This paper studies the border effects and sensitivity of the economic output of manufacturing in Jiangsu, China, caused by meteorological and environmental factors. The meteorological data, environmental data and annual manufacturing data of Jiangsu from 1993 to 2011 are used as input for this paper. Based on the Douglas production function and the grey correlation analysis method, this paper discusses the typical relationship among meteorological disaster factors, environmental regulations and the economic output of manufacturing in Jiangsu, China. The empirical analysis shows that the development of typical manufacturing in Jiangsu, China, is influenced by meteorological and environmental factors.     

Co-integration analysis between GDP and meteorological catastrophic factors of Nanjing city based on the buffer operator

This paper analyzes the relationship between meteorological catastrophic factors and gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of Nanjing city (China). The sample spans the period 1980–2010, including GDP growth rate and meteorological catastrophic factors (extreme precipitation, extreme temperature and extreme wind speed). We utilize econometric methods to take co-integration analysis and Granger causality test among GDP growth rate and the time series of meteorological catastrophic factors of Nanjing city processed by buffer operators. Finally, the paper shows the short-term changes in minimum atmospheric pressure, extreme high temperature, and minimum relative humidity, which has a positive impact on GDP; the cumulative effect of extreme precipitation and GDP affects each other to some extent, they are mutually Granger causes. Moreover, at the 95 % confidence level, we believe that maximum wind speed is the Granger causation of GDP growth rate.