全文获取类型
收费全文 | 618篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 6篇 |
大气科学 | 22篇 |
地球物理 | 177篇 |
地质学 | 237篇 |
海洋学 | 55篇 |
天文学 | 121篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 28篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 36篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 33篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 34篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 31篇 |
2011年 | 49篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 38篇 |
2008年 | 30篇 |
2007年 | 26篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1948年 | 1篇 |
1946年 | 2篇 |
1944年 | 2篇 |
1941年 | 1篇 |
1940年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有649条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
641.
642.
Terrestrial laser scanner and geomechanical surveys for the rapid evaluation of rock fall susceptibility scenarios 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
The primary objective of this paper is to present a semiautomatic procedure that, integrated with traditional methods, can be useful for a rapid definition of rock fall susceptibility scenarios with the purpose of civil protection. Due to its morphology (steep slopes and narrow valleys), regional seismicity, and rock mass characteristics, the Nera Valley (Valnerina, Umbria Region, Italy) is characterized by high rock fall risk. With the aim of covering a wide range of features and investigating the main advantages and drawbacks of the proposed approach, data collection (terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and geomechanical surveys) was carried out at three different slopes. Detailed three-dimensional (3D) models were created to reconstruct the shape and volume of the most unstable blocks, to define the position of the main rock fall source areas, and to precisely distinguish the outcropping materials and the position of the elements at risk for reliable runout analyses. The proposed approach can be useful in supporting proper maintenance and land management programs both in ordinary and in emergency circumstances. 相似文献
643.
Giorgio Volpi Fabien Magri Paolo Frattini Giovanni B. Crosta Federico Riva 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(7):1967-1984
Thermal springs are widespread in the European Alps, with hundreds of geothermal sites known and exploited. The thermal circulation and fluid outflows were examined in the area around Bormio (Central Italian Alps), where ten geothermal springs discharge from dolomite bodies located close to the regional Zebrù thrust. Water is heated in deep circulation systems and upwells vigorously at a temperature of about 40 °C. Heat and fluid transport is explored by steady and transient three-dimensional finite-element simulations taking into account the effect of the last glaciation, which in the study area was recognized to end around 11,000–12,000 years ago. The full regional model (ca. 700 km2) is discretized with a highly refined triangular finite-element planar grid. Numerical simulations suggest a reactivation of the system following the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Results correctly simulate the observed discharge rate of ca. 2,400 L/min and the spring temperatures after ca. 13,000 years from deglaciation, and show a complete cooling of the aquifer within a period of approximately 50,000 years. Groundwater flow and temperature patterns suggest that thermal water flows through a deep system crossing both sedimentary and metamorphic lithotypes along a fracture network associated with the thrust system. This example gives insights into the influences of deep alpine structures and glaciations on groundwater circulation that control the development of many hydrothermal systems not necessarily associated with convective heat flow. 相似文献
644.
Giovanni Gullà Dario Peduto Luigi Borrelli Loredana Antronico Gianfranco Fornaro 《Landslides》2017,14(1):171-188
The geometric and kinematic characterization of landslides affecting urban areas is a challenging goal that is routinely pursued via geological/geomorphological method and monitoring of ground displacements achieved by geotechnical and, more recently, advanced differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (A-DInSAR) data. Although the integration of all the above-mentioned methods should be planned a priori to be more effective, datasets resulting from the independent use of these different methods are commonly available, thus making crucial the need for their standardized a posteriori integration. In this regard, the present paper aims to provide a contribution by introducing a procedure that, taking into account the specific limits of geological/geomorphological analyses and deep/surface ground displacement monitoring via geotechnical and A-DInSAR data, allows the a posteriori integration of the results by exploiting their complementarity for landslide characterization. The approach was tested in the urban area of Lungro village (Calabria region, southern Italy), which is characterized by complex geological/geomorphological settings, widespread landslides and peculiar urban fabric. In spite of the different level of information preliminarily available for each landslide as result of the independent use of the three methods, the implementation of the proposed procedure allowed a better understanding and typifying of the geometry and kinematics of 50 landslides. This provided part of the essential background for geotechnical landslide models to be used for slope stability analysis within landslide risk mitigation strategies. 相似文献
645.
Irene Fantone Giovanni Grieco Agim Sinojmeri Alessandro Cavallo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(22):774
Sulfide-rich tailings are a well-known environmental threat due to their production of acid drainage (AD) and release of potential toxic elements (PTE) to the local environment. The presence of heterogeneous materials produces complex environmental signatures and complicates the quantitative prediction of contamination. The present work provides a method of quantifying such heterogeneities, starting from mineral processing data of the Reps, Mirdita (Albania) site. A quantitative flow sheet (QF) method was applied to a selected dump site of the Mirdita copper mining district where secondary pyrite separation had been used in the past. The site is subject to long-lasting (103 years) AD processes with significant release of PTE into the local environment. The tailings at the Reps site are divided into two classes based on the sulfide S content, respectively, represented by high-sulfide-content (S > 10 wt%) materials (hS) and low-sulfide-content (S < 3 wt%) material (lS). The reconstruction of the QF allowed us to identify the hS tailings as the discharge of single-flotation processing lines. This material accounts for about 82% of the total potential H2SO4 production, even though it represents < 20% of the entire tailing discard. The QF is a useful tool for the evaluation of heterogeneity and consequently for the modeling of waste management within abandoned sites and in working plants. Given a good quantification, heterogeneity can in fact support the setting of pyrite separation lines or the separate management of pyrite-rich tailing dumps. 相似文献
646.
Bulk and slab geometry optimizations and calculations of the electrostatic potential at the surface of both pyrophyllite [Al2Si4O10(OH)2] and talc [Mg3Si4O10(OH)2] were performed at Hartree–Fock and DFT level. In both pyrophyllite and talc cases, a modest (001) surface relaxation was observed, and the surface preserves the structural features of the crystal: in the case of pyrophyllite the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets are strongly distorted with respect to the ideal hexagonal symmetry (and basal oxygen are located at different heights along the direction normal to the basal plane), whereas the structure of talc deviates slightly from the ideal hexagonal symmetry (almost co-planar basal oxygen). The calculated distortions are fully consistent with those experimentally observed. Although the potentials at the surface of pyrophyllite and talc are of the same order of magnitude, large topological differences were observed, which could possibly be ascribed to the differences between the surface structures of the two minerals. Negative values of the potential are located above the basal oxygen and at the center of the tetrahedral ring; above silicon the potential is always positive. The value of the potential minimum above the center of the tetrahedral ring of pyrophyllite is ?0.05 V (at 2 Å from the surface), whereas in the case of talc the minimum is ?0.01 V, at 2.7 Å. In the case of pyrophyllite the minimum of potential above the higher basal oxygen is located at 1.1 Å and it has a value of ?1.25 V, whereas above the lower oxygen the value of the potential at the minimum is ?0.2 V, at 1.25 Å; the talc exhibits a minimum of ?0.75 V at 1.2 Å, above the basal oxygen. 相似文献
647.
Giancarlo Capitani Nobuyoshi Miyajima Roberto Sulpizio Maria D’Addabbo Lucia Galimberti Massimo Guidi Giovanni B. Andreozzi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(13):521
In this study, we performed leaching experiments for timescales of hours-to-months in deionized water on fresh volcanic ash from Mt. Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanos to monitor Fe release as a function of ash mineral chemistry and size, with the aim of clarifying Fe release mechanisms and eventually evaluating the impact of volcanic ash on marine and lacustrine environments. To define sample mineralogy and Fe speciation, inclusive characterization was obtained by means of XRF, SEM, XRPD, EELS and Mössbauer spectroscopies. For Etna and Popocatépetl samples, glass proportions were quantified at 73 and 40%, Fe2O3 total contents at 11.6–13.2 and 5.8 wt%, and Fe3+/FeTot ratios at 0.33 and 0.23, respectively. Leaching experiments showed that significant amounts of iron, ~?30 to 150 and ~?750 nmol g?1 l?1 for pristine Etna and Popocatépetl samples, respectively, are released within the first 30 min as a function of decreasing particle size (from 1 to 0.125 mm). The Popocatépetl sample showed a very sustained Fe release (up to 10 times Etna samples) all along the first week, with lowest values never below 400 nmol g?1 l?1 and a maximum of 1672 nmol g?1 l?1 recorded after 5 days. This sample, being composed of very small particles (average particle size 0.125 mm) with large surface area, likely accumulated large quantities of Fe-bearing sublimates that quickly dissolved during leaching tests, determining high Fe release and local pH decrease (that contributed to release more Fe from the glass) at short timescale (hours-to-days). The fractional Fe solubility (FeS) was 0.004–0.011 and 0.23% for Etna and Popocatépetl samples, respectively, but no correlation was found between Fe released in solution and either ash Fe content, glass/mineral ratio or mineral assemblage. Results obtained suggest that volcanic ash chemistry, mineralogy and particle size assume a relevant role on Fe release mostly in the medium-to-long timescale, while Fe release in the short timescale is dominated by dissolution of surface sublimates (formed by physicochemical processes occurring within the eruption plume and volcanic cloud) and the effects of such a dissolution on the local pH conditions. For all samples, a moderate to sustained Fe release occurred for leaching times comparable with their residence time within the euphotic zone of marine and lacustrine environments (variable from few minutes to few hours), revealing their possible contribution to increase Fe bioavailability. 相似文献
648.
The thermal behaviour and the structural properties of three important industrial phyllosilicates, such as kaolinite, talc and Ca-rich montmorillonite, have been examined after mechanical treatment in a specifically built planetary ball mill working in vacuum (P = 0.13 Pa) at room temperature (25 °C). It is found that, on increasing the grinding time, the temperature of the dehydroxylation reaction decreases linearly as a result of a decrease of the crystallite size and structural order. To be noted that the mechanical treatment in our milling conditions did not induce significant amorphization. The temperature at which there is the maximum of dehydroxylation and the weight losses of the intralayer OH are linearly related to the increase of the FWHM of the 001 basal plane. These results are useful for predicting the thermal behaviour of layer silicates to be subjected to mechanical processing in industrial application. 相似文献
649.
Mahmudova Ayisha Borsi Iacopo Porta Giovanni Michele 《Computational Geosciences》2022,26(5):1119-1134
Computational Geosciences - Damage in subsurface formations caused by mineral precipitation decreases the porosity and permeability, eventually reducing the production rate of wells in plants... 相似文献