全文获取类型
收费全文 | 732篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 40篇 |
大气科学 | 54篇 |
地球物理 | 205篇 |
地质学 | 261篇 |
海洋学 | 57篇 |
天文学 | 101篇 |
自然地理 | 35篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 37篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 43篇 |
2009年 | 41篇 |
2008年 | 29篇 |
2007年 | 32篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 6篇 |
1964年 | 7篇 |
1960年 | 6篇 |
1952年 | 5篇 |
1949年 | 4篇 |
1948年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有753条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
11.
Photochemical calculations indicate that in the prebiotic atmosphere of the Earth ammonia would have been irreversibly converted to N2 in less than 40 years if the ammonia surface mixing ratio were ≤ 10?4. However, if a continuous outgassing of ammonia were maintained, radiative equilibrium calculations indicate that a surface mixing ratio of ammonia of 10?5 or greater would provide a sufficient greenhouse effect to keep the surface temperature above freezing. With a 10?4 mixing ratio of ammonia, 60 to 70% of the present day solar luminosity would be adequate to maintain surface temperatures above freezing. A lower limit to the time constant for accumulation of an amount of nitrogen equivalent to the present day value is 10 my if the outgassing were such as to provide a continuous surface mixing ratio of ammonia ≥ 10?5. 相似文献
12.
An energy balance model has been developed to investigate how the Martian atmospheric environment could influence a community of photosynthetic microorganisms with properties similar to those of a cyanophyte (blue-green algal mat) and a lichen. Surface moisture and soil nutrients are assumed to be available. The model was developed to approximate equatorial equinox conditions and includes parameters for solar and thermal radiation, convective and conductive energy transport, and evaporative cooling. Calculations include the diurnal variation of organism temperature and transpiration and photosynthetic rates. The influences of different wind speeds and organism size and resistivity are also studied. The temperature of organisms in mats less than a few millimeters thick will not differ from the ground temperature by more than 10°K. Water loss is actually retarded at higher wind speeds, since the organism temperature is lowered, thus reducing the saturation vapor pressure. Typical photosynthetic rates lead to the production of 10?6 to 10?7 mole O2 cm?2 day?1. 相似文献
13.
Gerhard Schmidtke 《Planetary and Space Science》1978,26(4):347-353
In recent years discrepancies arose in the determination of the solar EUV output. It is difficult and often impossible to remove these discrepancies from the observational data reported so far. However, the EUV data show evidence for a strong variability during the Solar Cycle 20. The measuring methods applied so far create uncertainties of the order of ± 30% or less. Therefore, new methods have to be developed for more accurate measurements. Two approaches offer the possibility of overcoming todays shortcomings. With these methods the EUV indices will be measured with an accuracy better than 10%, using a simple spectrometer on a free-flying long-term mission with recalibration factors provided by short-term mission results e.g. from Soyuz or Spacelab. 相似文献
14.
Fabien Nex Gerhard Schäfer Jean-Marie Côme Timothy M. Vogel 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2006,338(5):297-306
The goal of this study was to develop an innovative chloroethene biodegradation module based on biological, thermodynamical and mechanistic concepts. The biodegradation scheme was based on the postulate that in each part of an aquifer only one degradation mechanism is dominant: the one involving the most energetic electron acceptor. Thus, the selection of the active degradation mechanism was a function of the concentration of different electron acceptors. Modified Monod-type kinetics was used in order to take into account the possible influence of some compounds on the biodegradation of a given organic compound. The numerical model developed was applied to a simple test case, whose results are presented here. To cite this article: F. Nex et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006). 相似文献
15.
Decision-support systems for groundwater protection: innovative tools for resource management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stefan Kollarits Gerhard Kuschnig Miran Veselic Ante Pavicic Corrado Soccorso Marina Aurighi 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(6):840-848
Governmental authorities are forced by law to make decisions within the framework of European, national and regional directives
in the fields of spatial planning, groundwater and environmental protection. These tasks can be supported by a decision-support
system, which integrates data from various sources and helps to make decision processes more effective and transparent. Basic
work for such a decision support system has been done in a transnational and interdisciplinary project (Interreg II C: KATER),
including metadata definition, metadata system, cartographic tools and GIS tools. The direct integration of these tools and
information in the decision process will be implemented in the next few years (project KATER II). 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
19.
Marieke Ahlborn Torsten Haberzettl Junbo Wang Karoline Henkel Thomas Kasper Gerhard Daut Liping Zhu Roland Mäusbacher 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(2):229-241
A possible asynchronicity of the spatial and temporal moisture availability on the Tibetan Plateau has been a controversial subject of discussion in recent years. Here we present the first attempt to systematically investigate possible spatial and temporal variations in moisture availability by examining two lakes, Tangra Yumco and Nam Co, on an east–west transect on the southern Tibetan Plateau using identical proxies for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. In this study, an independent record from Tangra Yumco was analysed applying a multi‐proxy approach to reconstruct variations in moisture availability since the Lateglacial. Results were subsequently compared with previously published records from Nam Co and additional records from Tso Moriri (northwestern Himalaya) and Naleng Co (southeastern Tibetan Plateau). Our results show that Tangra Yumco was at least partially ice covered prior to 17.1 cal. ka BP. A temperature rise after 17.1 cal. ka BP probably resulted in thawing of the permafrost. At 16.0 cal. ka BP moisture availability increased, representing an initial monsoonal intensification. Warmer conditions between 13.0 and 12.4 cal. ka BP and cooler conditions between 12.4 cal. ka BP and the onset of the Holocene reflect the Bølling‐Allerød and Younger Dryas. At the onset of the Holocene moisture availability rapidly increased, with moisture highest prior to 8.5 cal. ka BP when temperatures were also highest. After 8.5 cal. ka BP the moisture availability gradually decreased and showed only minor amplitude variations. These findings are consistent with the records from large lakes like Nam Co, Tso Moriri, and Naleng Co, revealing a synchronous pattern of moisture availability on the southern Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
20.