中国空气质量时空变化特征

基于2015年中国343个地区空气质量指数(AQI)数据,运用统计分析和空间自相关分析方法,对全国及陆地表层系统九大区域空气质量时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:①全国及九大区域空气质量春季较差、夏秋优良、冬季最差,AQI季节均值呈现"U"形变化特征。②全国及九大区域AQI月均值变化趋势呈现"L"形特征。③全国及九大区域AQI日均值变化趋势呈现周期性W～脉冲型波动规律。④"高污染"和"低污染"区域呈现出北高南低的南北分异格局。⑤九大区域首要污染物频次结构差异明显,频次最高的首要污染物PM2.5或者PM10在空间上呈现出明显的东西分异格局。     

风和台湾暖流引起东海沿岸上升流数值计算

运用三维数值模型,首先计算了夏季风和台湾暖流引起的东海沿岸上升流。结果表明,风和台湾暖流的作用都可产生顺岸呈带状分布的上升流,风生上升流在２０ｍ至３０ｍ水层速度较大,其值一般为１．０×１０－３ｃｍ／ｓ;而台湾暖流形成的上升流则在３０ｍ以下速度较大,其值在浙南和闽北一般为１．０×１０－３ｃｍ／ｓ,在舟山近海为０．５×１０－３ｃｍ／ｓ。此外,运用Ｅｕｌｅｒｉａｎ－Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ方法数值探讨了东海沿岸上升流区海水的源地。逆追踪结果表明,潮因子和风因子对沿岸上升流的贡献都是局地的,即仅能将上升流区附近下层的海水带到沿岸上层;台湾暖流则可将台湾海峡北口的深层水带到闽浙沿岸上层,使闽浙沿岸出现低温、高盐水。     

A study of the global magnetic activity of the star Kepler-17 using light curve inversion with bipartite regularization

A new method of light curve inversion with bipartite regularization(LIBR),which is complementary to the previous treatments by Bonomo and Lanza and Estrela and Valio,is used to reconstruct the physical properties of star spots on the solar-type star Kepler-17 by using the full Q1-Q17 data set.The Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) method was applied to find the best profile of the reconstructed surface.The known value of the rotation inclination of Kepler-17 allows the generation of a star spot model in a sequence of stellar rotation with a period of 12.26 d.Because of the nature of the light curve inversion,the spot model is limited to the equatorial region.We also investigated the starspot lifetimes of Kepler-17 utilizing the MCMC method.Combined with the LIBR inversion results,it was found that the star spots typically last from one to several stellar rotations.From the time evolution of the spot size,a magnetic cycle period of 437 d can be derived.This value is comparatively shorter than the solar cycle which might be a consequence of the younger age(～1.78 Gyr) of Kepler-17.The light curve of Kepler-17 is characterized by the presence of large-amplitude variation caused by star spots but no superflare activity.An interesting possibility is that the magnetic energy stored in the star spot regions could have been constantly dissipated by electrodynamic interaction between the central star and the hot Jupiter,Kepler-17 b,via a lower-level energy release process.     

东天山板块构造与金属矿产成矿规律

根据东天山及邻区地层、沉积建造、构造岩石组合、变形、变质、古生物分区、深部地壳结构、地球物理、地球化学特征，以康古尔塔格－黄山深断裂为界，划分了不同级别的构造单元和构造沉积相带。统计分析了２０２个金属矿床，重点研究了金、银、铜、镍、钼、铁等矿产空间分布与板块构造、碰撞带关系，划分出九个成矿带，三个成矿期，以海西中晚期最为显著。成矿与板缘构造活动带地质演化密切相关，与俯冲一碰撞带和韧性剪切带时空演化最为密切。构造分区控制的矿产成带性和构造演化形成的成矿集中期之间相互转化对该区金属矿产有重要控制作用。     

夏季南极长城湾海流变化特征及其对浮游植物生物量的影响

通过对2010/2011年夏季南极长城湾叶绿素a浓度和海流等环境参数的传感器连续观测;研究其时空变化特征及海流对浮游植物生物量的影响。结果表明;12.9 m水层叶绿素a浓度从12月中旬开始增长;直至2月上旬开始维持相对稳定;期间出现两个高值点（2.74 μg/L和3.76 μg/L）。叶绿素a浓度表现出了24 h周期变化特征;每日叶绿素a浓度最高值出现在正午前后时段的概率要高于其他时段。表层海水受西北风影响;流速较大;约为60~100 cm/s;中层和底层水体流速较小;约为10 cm/s。表层的风海流使海水在长城湾发生辐散;下层海水向上涌升;驱动了水体的垂直交换。长城湾与麦克斯韦尔湾存在水体交换;水体主要从中层进入湾内;从表层输出。长城湾的叶绿素a浓度与流速呈显著负相关;表明低流速环境有利于长城湾浮游植物的生长。     

Concept, distribution law and formation machanism of inland saline-alkaline wetland

The paper, taking Songliao Plain for example, studied the concept, distribution law and formation mechanism of inland saline-alkaline wetland. The inland saline-alkaline wetland is distributed over the inland region of arid or semi-arid climate; it is the wet or slightly stagnant environment, forming saline-alkaline soil and salt vegetation and making the geogra phical environment fonming complex with an ecosystem of saline-alkaline wetland. The laws of zone nature and non-zone nature control the distribution of the inland saline-alkaline wetland that extensively spreads in north part of China and other countries. The inland saline-alkaline wetland is formed jointly by atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere including intellectual sphere. Under the special condition, the artificial activity is possibly the key function. In order to improve the human environment, it is a great duty confronting the whole world to rationally transform the inland saline-alkaline wetland. Therefore, we presented an anti-inland theory to promote the environment transformation. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KN95 — 02). Biography: SUN Guang-you(1940 — ), male, a native of Harbin, professor. His research interests include geography, wetland.     

论折叠摆对地壳振动的响应特性

通过简化的折叠摆模型，深入研究了折叠摆对地壳振动的响应特性。理论分析表明，折叠摆不仅对地倾斜固体潮的响应非常灵敏，而且具有明显的抗外界振动干扰的能力。如果采用精密红外位移传感和负反馈控制技术，折叠摆测量倾斜潮的灵敏度可望达到１０－１０ｒａｄ。最后给出了折叠摆倾斜仪的实验设计     

水汽对大气重力负荷效应的影响

通过构建水汽影响模型,并以武汉超导重力观测台站为例,根据1998年武汉地区每日两次的无线电探空数据,精确计算水汽对重力观测的影响数值。解算结果表明,水汽对武汉重力观测站的影响可达1.6×10 ^-8 ms ^-2,由此可见,精密重力观测中不能忽视水汽的作用。     

空间信息网格SIG:新一代的空间信息基础设施和服务框架

空间信息数据量大、处理复杂、难以共享的问题对其研究和应用提出了挑战。空间信息网格(Spatial Information Grid,SIG)作为创新性的网络空间信息基础设施和技术体系,集成并拓展信息网格、空间信息系统、Web服务等前沿技术,以"服务"为中心,实现一体化、智能化的空间信息获取、存储、组织、分发、分析处理、集成与应用,实现基于网络的空间信息资源共享与空间信息服务。     

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