Heavy metal content in coral reef sediments from Red Sea of Yemen and its significance on marine environment

In order to determine and assess the concentrations of trace elements in coral reefs sediments from Red Sea of Yemen, sediment samples were collected, treated and analyzed for cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, iron, zinc and vanadium by the atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. The result is that cadmium, cobalt and lead concentrations were high and other elements are low or the same as natural background. It is concluded that the high cadmium, cobalt and lead levels in coral reefs sediments will have negative effects on marine life of the sites, so further researches are needed to characterize the sources fate, biogeochemical processes and impacts of these trace elements on coral reefs and marine of the region.     

昆秦接合部造山带非史密斯地层的一些特点——苦海—赛什塘—羊曲构造混杂带剖析

系统论述了昆秦接合部造山带非史密斯地层的特征,应用非史密斯地(岩)层体构造岩片(块)四维裂拼复原原理解剖了羊曲—赛什塘—苦海构造混杂带,提出该构造带为晚华力西期—印支期扬子陆块与柴达木陆块近东西向汇聚过程中形成的陆缘俯冲增生杂岩楔,并对其组成、结构、演化过程等做了初步的总结。     

台湾-阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金-龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构

通过分析阿尔金—龙门山地学断面的地震资料,建立了该剖面的地壳纵波速度结构。研究结果表明,阿尔金北侧的塔里木盆地地区莫霍面为50km,而在其南侧的祁连地块莫霍面突然加深至73km,在柴达木盆地莫霍面又抬升至58km左右,然后,在松潘甘孜地块莫霍面降至70km,并呈现为台阶状向龙门山方向抬升到60km左右,最低速层,而在其南部地区则没有低速层出现,推测低速层为地壳中部的局部熔融物质,阿尔金—龙门山剖面上的两个莫霍面坳陷区分别与祁连地块和松潘—甘孜地块上的两个莫霍面坳陷区相对应,指示出这个两个地块具有较深的山根,青藏高原北部的巨厚地壳很可能是由于中生代以来发生的印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞时受到来自东西及南北方向的挤压,使地壳缩短所致。     

新疆东部哈尔里克山闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

新疆东部哈尔里克山出露大量闪长岩和花岗岩岩体。一般认为,该区晚古生代岩浆活动中,闪长岩形成比较早,花岗岩形成比较晚。对其中一个闪长岩中的锆石进行SHRIMP U-Pb定年,获得了316±3 Ma的206Pb/238U表面年龄。结合岩体及锆石的矿物学特征,该年龄被解释为代表了哈尔里克山晚古生代岩浆初始侵入活动的时间。通过与前人从博格达山和哈尔里克山获得的岩浆活动年代学资料的比较研究,得出的结论是博格达山与哈尔里克山晚古生代岩浆初始侵入活动的时间大体相同,都发生在该区地壳形成演化的后碰撞阶段;由此进一步推论哈尔里克山晚石炭世期间的构造背景与博格达山基本相同,为与康古尔塔格一带洋岩石圈板块向北俯冲有关的板缘伸展环境下的滞后弧后盆地或者是后碰撞伸展环境下的火山沉积盆地。     

SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating of the Tongshi Magmatic Complex in Western Shandong and Its Geological Implications

1 Introduction Since the Guilaizhuang gold deposit was discovered in the 1980s, the Tongshi magmatic complex has attracted attention since it exhibits a spatial-temporal relationship to gold mineralization. In the past ten years, a number of detailed fundamental researches have been carried out on the complex, Guilaizhuang gold deposit and their relationships (Qiu et al., 1994; Lin et al., 1996; Yan et al., 1996; Xu et al., 1999; Kong et al., 2001; Shun et al., 2001). Up to date, some res…     

Characteristics of Rare Earth and Trace Element Patterns in Bedded Cherts from the Bottom of the Lower Cambrian in the Northern Tarim Basin, Northwest China and Their Genetic Significance

The sedimentary sequence of the Lower Cambrian is a key interval to reveal the early evolution history of the Earth and there occur widespread cherts worldwide. These cherts possibly carry important information to decipher the breakup process of the Rodinia Continent. Black rock series at the bottom of the Lower Cambrian in the Northern Tarim Basin, China, is composed of black shales interbedded with thin-bedded cherts. Ten chert samples were systematically collected from two outcrops at Xiaoerbulak and Sogatbulak, 8.8 and 7.5 m thick respectively. The cherts were crushed, and were analyzed for trace element and rare earth concentrations. Trace elements such as V, Cu, Zn, U, Pb, Ba, Cd, Ag, Mo,As and Sb are highly enriched, and others such as Rb, Zr, Cs, Hf, Ta, W, T1, Bi and Th are highly depleted in the cherts.These trace element patterns suggest that the cherts may be of deep crustal origin. The low ratios of Th/U and Rb/Sr further suggest that the cherts are of earth interior sources or received hydrothermal input during their deposition. Chondritenormalized Eu/Eu* value markedly decreases upward in the section from 5.54 at the lowermost to 0.73 at the top, and NASC-normalized Eu/Eu* value decreases from 8.05 to 1.03. The relatively high Eu/Eu* ratio for the cherts from the northern Tarim Basin is most likely due to a hydrothermal input (e.g., Eu/Eu*-10). The systematic decrease of Eu/Eu* ratio from the bottom to the top of the section reflects that the hydrothermal input is the largest in the lowermost portion of the section and gradually decreases upward. The chondrite-normalized Ce/Ce* ratio ranges from 0.42 to 0.83, with an average of 0.60. North American Shale Composite (NASC)-normalized Ce/Ce* ratio ranges from 0.42 to 0.79, with an average of 0.57. Negative Ce anomalies are distinct. EREEs in the cherts generally increase from 10.50 ppm at the bottom to 35.97 ppm at the top of the sampled section. NASC-normalized (La/Lu)N ratio decreases from 2.72 at the bottom to 0.67 at the top. NASC-normalized (La/Ce)N ratio increases from 1.36 at the bottom to 3.13 at the top. These REE patterns are very similar to those for the cherts deposited in the pelagic ocean-basin floor in the Franciscan Complex exposed at Marin Headlands, California (F-MH chert) (Murray et al., 1991). These geochemical signatures are inconsistent with our previous sedimentological data, which suggests a continental shelf setting. Based on multiple lines of evidence including high TOC content in the concomitant black shales, phosphorite at the bottom of black rock series, regional rise of sea level,and beginning of the southern Tianshan Ocean geotectonic cycle, the authors infer that the hydrothermal fluid was carried to the continental shelf by upwelling from a divergent pelagic ocean floor setting.     

The Quaternary Pan-lake (Overflow) Period and Paleoclimate on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Lake geomorphology and high-level lacustrine deposits since the mid-late Pleistocene are well preserved in lakes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to geological surveys of 17 lake districts in different locations of the plateau, combined with interpretations of satellite images and topographic maps, the authors studied the timing of formation and scopes of the pan-lake areas of the plateau and their paleoclimate. The latest two high lake levels （overflow surfaces） on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Quaternary occurred at N40 to 30/35 ka and N65 to 53 ka respectively. In these time intervals, the plateau was covered by huge interconnected pan-lake systems with a total area of -36 km^2 and a total volume of lake water of 〉530 million km^2, which are about 38 times and 659 times larger than those of the modern lakes respectively. Before this pan-lake period in the late Pleistocene, there had been three high lake levels that occurred at N 132-112 ka, 110-95 ka and 91-72/-83-75 ka respectively, suggesting that the late Quaternary climate on the plateau was unstable and changed rapidly. The -40-30 ka high lake level also appeared in the Tengger desert north of the plateau, suggesting that there existed very strong summer monsoons from South Asia then; the variation in solar radiation with a 20,000 precessional period has special importance for the high-altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the low-latitude zone of the Earth. Around 30 ka, the pan-lakes at the peripheries of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau drained out suddenly with rapid uplift of the plateau and cooling. In a short time the huge amount of cold lake water emptied into the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific. The draining event of the pan-lakes brought about the environmental changes of rivers and lakes at peripheries of the plateau.     

念青唐古拉花岗岩的同位素年龄测定及其地质意义

念青唐古拉花岗岩体位于西藏当雄县境内,是拉萨地块中部出露的巨型侵入岩岩基,其面积超过1500km2,以大面积出露的黑云母二长花岗岩为主体。本文分别应用单矿物K-Ar法、全岩-单矿物Rb-Sr等时线法和高灵敏度高分辨率离子探针法(SHRIMP-)对念青唐古拉岩体不同位置上的代表性岩石样品进行同位素测年,得到中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩的K-Ar年龄为8.49±0.14Ma,Rb-Sr等时线年龄为8.07±0.35Ma和8.70±1.40Ma,SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为18.3±0.4Ma;中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩的K-Ar年龄为9.80±0.35Ma,Rb-Sr等时线年龄为9.33±0.41Ma,SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为11.01±0.24Ma。不同方法测年结果均表明念青唐古拉花岗岩形成于中新世,属拉萨地块内部最年轻的巨型花岗岩岩基,其侵位结晶时代处于青藏高原地壳由南北向挤压增厚向东西向伸展的转变时期,岩浆来源于地壳局部熔融,属后碰撞构造-岩浆活动的产物。     

藏南上地壳低速高导层的性质与分布:来自热水流体活动的证据

沿亚东—谷露裂谷带实施的一系列地球物理探测发现了一组地震亮点。结合其他地球物理探测剖面的资料 ,认为藏南上地壳中存在一个低速高导层 ,这些地震亮点处于这个低速高导层中。人们对这些亮点和低速高导层有两种不同的解释和认识 :一种认为是含盐的超临界流体 ;而另一种认为是地壳中的部分熔融层。由于目前缺少有效的手段和方法 ,对这个低速高导层的性质和分布范围仍只是推测。本文从藏南强烈活动的热水流体系统着手 ,尝试从另一个角度探讨这些地震亮点和低速高导层的性质。通过对热泉气体的 He同位素组成和热水的地球化学特征研究以及前人对温度场的模拟表明 ,该低速高导层的性质为硅酸盐岩浆熔体 ,不是以水为主的流体 ,这就为部分熔融层的存在提供了佐证。本文进一步讨论了该部分熔融层对热泉流体系统的驱动热机作用 ,并根据热泉流体的温度场限定了此部分熔融层的空间分布范围。     

三峡库区泥灰质岩石及其残坡积土化学成分及粘土矿物的定量研究

由于二峡库区三叠系巴东组(T2b)泥灰质岩石特殊的化学矿物组成和所处亚热带湿热环境,决定了三峡库区移民迁建场地工程地质环境的复杂性。通过泥灰质岩石及其不同风化岩和残坡积土的化学成分、粘土矿物成分定量研究和扫描电镜观察,揭示了CaCOs溶蚀和粘土矿物富集过程及粘土矿物的复杂成分,发现了风化过程中伊利石()向伊利石／蒙脱石(I／S)混层粘上矿物的转化,解释了岩土工程性质恶化的原因,从而提高了地质研究和地质灾害研究的水平。