A Large-scale Tertiary Salt Nappe Complex in the Leading Edge of the Kuqa Foreland Fold-Thrust Belt, the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

The tectono-stratigraphic sequences of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt in the northern Tarim basin, northwest China, can be divided into the Mesozoic sub-salt sequence, the Paleocene-Eocene salt sequence and the Oligocene-Quaternary supra-salt sequence. The salt sequence is composed mainly of light grey halite, gypsum, marl and brown elastics. A variety of salt-related structures have developed in the Kuqa foreland fold belt, in which the most fascinating structures are salt nappe complex. Based on field observation, seismic interpretation and drilling data, a large-scale salt nappe complex has been identified. It trends approximately east-west for over 200 km and occurs along the west Qiulitag Mountains. Its thrusting displacement is over 30 km. The salt nappe complex appears as an arcuate zone projecting southwestwards along the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold belt. The major thrust fault is developed along the Paleocene-Eocene salt beds. The allochthonous nappes comprise large north-dipping     

Post-Neogene Structural Evolution: An Important Geological Stage in the Formation of Gas Reservoirs in China

Tectonic movements since the Neogene have been the major developmental and evolutional stages of the latest global crustal deformation and orogenic movements. China is located in a triangular area bounded by the Indian landmass, the West Siberian landmass and the Pacific Plate, characterized by relatively active tectonic movements since the Neogene, and in this region, natural gas would have been very easy to dissipate, or difficult to preserve. Therefore, the characteristics of post-Neogene tectonic movements offer important geological factors in researching the formation and preservation of gas reservoirs in China. Summarizing the reservoiring history of gas fields in China, although there are some differences between various basins, they are all affected by the tectonic     

Zr, Hf, U, Th and REE-Fertile Lower Proterozoic Potassic Granite from Parts of Andhra Pradesh, South India

The medium- to coarse-grained and porphyritic granitoid of Dharmawaram, Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, south India is a biotite-hornblende granite with notable contents of rare metal (Zr, Hf, Th) and rare earth (including Y) minerals like zircon, thorite, allanite, monazite and xenotime. Chemically, it is metaluminous (average A/ C+N+K = 0.95)-type, potassic (av. 5% K2O) granite, with dominantly sub-alkaline characters. It shows up to 8 times enrichment of rare metals (Zr, Hf, U, Th) and rare earths (including Y, Sc), with reference to their abundances in normal unevolved granite, and hence, fertile for some of these elements. Field, petrological, geochemical and isotopic data of potassic granite (PG) indicate involvement of silica-rich metasedimentary-basic crustal rocks (amphibole-quartzite, amphibolite, hornblende-biotite gneiss, etc.) in its genesis, at a depth range of 30 km. Further, chondrite-normalized REE patterns demonstrate that low-degree partial melting of source rocks is the major con     

Underplating of Mesozoic Mantle-derived Magmas in Tongling, Anhui Province: Evidence from Megacrysts and Xenoliths

Lithological observations and mineralogical analyses on pyroxene and hornblende megacrysts and pyroxene and hornblende cumulates in xenoliths in the Mesozoic plutons of the Tongling region, Anhui Province, provide evidence for the magmatic underplating of mantle-derived alkali-olivine basalt at circa 140 Ma. The pyroxene and hornblende megacrysts and cumulates were formed through the AFC process at depths ranging from 27 to 35 km.     

广西百色盆地古近系始新统沉积相特征及演化

利用野外露头、地震、测井和分析化验等资料,对盆地古近系始新统那读组和百岗组进行层序地层和沉积相研究。那读组和百岗组可划分为3个Ⅲ级层序,9个体系域,那读组那三段构成层序Ⅰ,那读组那二段和那一段构成层序Ⅱ,百岗组构成层序Ⅲ。层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ是盆地断陷期沉积,发育冲积扇相、河流相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相、深湖亚相和滨-浅湖亚相。层序Ⅱ湖泊沉积范围广,厚度大,厚层的湖相暗色泥岩是盆地主要烃源岩和区域性盖层。层序Ⅲ是盆地坳陷期的沉积,发育冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、河流相、三角洲相和滨-浅湖亚相。盆地中古近系沉积经过了洪积或冲积扇、河流三角洲→湖泊（扇三角洲）→河流的发育过程,反映了盆地从初期形成→扩张→萎缩的完整的演化序列。在层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ的低水位体系域,田东凹陷的中央断凹、南部次凹和那笔凸起的北部断鼻等区带发育长轴分布的河流三角洲砂岩,这些砂岩处于烃源岩成熟区,油气成藏条件优越,是河道岩性油藏勘探的有利区。在层序Ⅱ湖侵体系域和高水位体系域,北部陡坡发育扇三角洲砂体,与烃源岩指状交叉接触,有利于油气运聚成藏,容易形成大量上倾尖灭岩性油藏。     

胶东西北部金热液成矿系统内部结构解析

成矿系统研究可划分为系统外部环境与内部结构2个方面, 外部环境分析立足于代表性成矿带———矿集区宏观地质背景的深入解剖, 着重揭示地球圈层的内部结构和构造体制转换-岩浆活动-流体汇集多种事件的耦合作用对成矿单元内部成矿流体活动与大规模成矿事件启动机制.内部结构研究主要通过矿田-矿床-矿体等多个尺度构造-流体-成矿作用的解析, 解剖矿体-矿化网络的时空结构, 查明成矿流体物理输运机理及元素的富集-输运-沉淀过程.以胶西北矿集区为例, 从分析系统内部结构的视角出发, 力图查明系统外部地质背景对矿集区内部成矿作用的影响, 并建立成矿系统内部各成矿要素(成矿产物、成矿过程等) 的内在联系; 作为成矿学研究思路的一种新的尝试, 深化区域成矿作用认识有一定推动作用.研究发现, 区域构造体制转换所引发的胶西北矿集区应力-应变场性质转变不但启动了区域成矿活动, 成矿活动在由压剪向张剪过渡的时空界面发生; 而且还造就了复杂多变的控矿构造形迹, 由于空间构造形迹及力学性质的差异, 导致了区域成矿的多样性.应力-应变场性质的变化引起流体各项物理化学参数发生了突变, 并引发成矿物质的富集沉淀, 成矿过程中流体一则由氧化状态向还原状态稳定过渡; 而不同构造形迹控制下的流体运移方式差异则是导致成矿多样性的内因; 成矿过程具复杂性, 其主要表现为矿体金品位和厚度的空间分布多重分形特征、蚀变分带的自相似性、成矿作用的突发性及成矿产物的多样性.      

准噶尔盆地腹部超压顶面附近深层砂岩碳酸盐胶结作用和次生溶蚀孔隙形成机理

准噶尔盆地腹部深层超压顶面附近(现今埋深4400~6200m, 温度105~145℃) 砂岩中广泛出现的碳酸盐胶结作用和次生溶蚀孔隙与超压流体活动关系密切.由于超压封闭和释放引起其顶面附近砂岩中的孔隙压力和水化学环境的周期性变化可导致碳酸盐沉淀和易溶矿物溶解过程交替出现.根据腹部地区超压顶面附近深埋砂岩成岩作用、碳酸盐胶结物含量、储集物性、碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素和烃源岩热演化模拟等资料的综合研究表明: 含铁碳酸盐胶结物是主要的胶结成分, 长石类成分的次生溶蚀孔隙是主要的储集空间类型, 纵向上深层砂岩碳酸盐胶结物出现15%~30%含量的地层厚度范围约在邻近超压顶面之下100m至之上大于450m, 碳酸盐胶结物出现大于25%含量高值带分布在靠近超压顶面向上的250~300m的地层厚度范围, 超压顶面附近砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物含量高值的深度范围也是次生溶蚀孔隙(孔隙度10%~20%) 发育带的范围; 因晚白垩世以来深部侏罗纪煤系有机质生烃增压作用, 导致在超压顶面附近砂岩晚成岩作用阶段深部富含碳酸盐的超压流体频繁活动, 所形成的碳酸盐胶结物受到了明显的与深部生烃增压有关的超压热流体和有机脱羧作用的影响; 超压流体多次通过超压顶面排放, 使得超压顶面附近砂岩遭受了多期酸性流体溶蚀作用过程, 形成了次生溶蚀孔隙发育带.      

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系超压特征和测井响应以及成因

准噶尔盆地腹部地区深层钻井揭示侏罗系发育异常高压系统.根据26口井的67个钻杆测试(DST) 和电缆测试(MDT) 数据, 实测砂岩异常高压揭示深度约在4470~6160m, 剩余压力约为11~57MPa, 压力系数为1.24~2.07, 砂岩段超压实测值主要分布在侏罗系, 少数出现在白垩系底部与侏罗系邻近地层, 1个超压实测值位于下三叠统, 实测超压砂岩样品的孔隙度和渗透率范围分别为3.20%~16.00%和0.02×10-3~14.40×10-3μm2;根据钻井、测井和测试资料的综合解释, 埋深在4430~6650m的深部侏罗系流体超压带, 钻井泥浆密度明显增加, 泥页岩和砂岩共同具有相对于正常趋势的异常高声波时差和低视电阻率测井响应特征; 超压系统顶界埋深可能不浅于4400m (地温约104℃), 有些钻井超压顶界可深达约6000m (地温约140℃), 且超压带顶界深度随侏罗系埋深的增加而增大; 钻井揭示的侏罗系超压带烃源岩镜质体反射率(R_o, %) 约为0.7%~1.3%, 超压带分布深度受控于侏罗系成熟烃源岩层的埋深且两者深度分布的变化具有相关性; 研究认为腹部地区已被充分压实的侏罗系异常高压成因主要与其含煤岩系干酪根热演化及油气共生有关, 即生烃增压; 物理模拟实验表明, 由于高孔隙流体压力可导致岩石骨架颗粒间有效应力的减小, 从而直接引起通过岩石的声波速度降低, 即出现高声波时差响应; 在超压地层温度条件下, 高压液态水的电离常数可能明显增加, 从而减小地层电阻率, 进一步开展此种现象的相关探索性研究可望对超压带低电阻率异常的原因给出新的解释.      

Using in situ REE analysis to study the origin and diagenesis of dolomite of Lower Paleozoic,Tarim Basin

In situ REE concentrations of various dolomites from Tarim Basin were obtained by LA-ICP-MS analysis,and the data were normalized to standard seawater(Seawater Normalized=SWN).Most of the samples have a ΣREE range of less than 20 ppm.All samples show similar REESWN distributions with heavy REE depletion,and positive Ce anomaly,which indicates that they have the same dolomitization fluids(seawater).According to the origin and diagenetic process of dolomite,two types of dolomite are determined and described a...     

Ore-bearing Formations and Mineral Resource Prospects of the Peripheral Areas of the Tarim Block

The tectonic development of the Tarim block has experienced four stages, i. e. Earth's core accretion and block formation in the Precambrian, margin splitting, opening-closing and piecing up in the Early Palaeozoic, rift formation and plate unification in the Late Palaeozoic, and basin-mountain coupling and landform shaping in the Meso-Cenozoic, forming six ore-bearing formations and ore deposits of various genetic types in the Tianshan Mountains, Kunlun Mountains and Altun Mountains. In the peripheral areas of Tarim there are four giant intercontinental metallogenic belts passing through, the Central Tianshan and southwestern Tianshan belts in the former USSR and the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun and Palaeo-Tethys belts in China. According to the macro-analysis on the nearly one thousand known deposits (occurrences) and geophysical-geochemical anomalies, and the information from reconnaissance in some areas, the region has very good prospects for mineral resources. Some of the metallogenic belts may well becom