Hydrothermal recrystallization of the Lower Ordovician dolomite and its significance to reservoir in northern Tarim Basin

Discovered in S15 and some other wells, the Lower Ordovician in the northern Tarim Basin consists mainly of brown gray-dark gray very fine-fine crystalline dolomite, with a minor portion of locally light gray-white medium-coarse crystalline dolomite. Silicification can be observed in the medium-coarse dolomite, and some euhedral drusy quartz can also be found in pores and fractures of the dolomite. The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions in the medium-coarse dolomite is between 110 and 200°C with maximum between 140 and 190°C, and the salinity is between 10.7 and 18.5 wt.% NaCl Eq. The homogenization temperature and salinity of the fluid inclusions in the medium-coarse dolomite are similar to those in the drusy quartz. Compared with the very fine-fine dolomite, the medium-coarse phase contains relatively high Fe and Mn. The average concentration of FeO and MnO in the medium-coarse dolomite is 1.917% and 0.323%, respectively. The medium-coarse dolomite has a remarkable negative Eu anomaly, consistent with the REE pattern of the intermediate-felsic igneous rocks in the Tarim Basin. The oxygen isotopic composition of the medium-coarse dolomite is relatively lighter than that of the very fine-fine dolomite. The δ18OPDB values of the medium-coarse dolomite are between -10.35‰ and -7.31‰. The δ18OSMOW values of the fluid associated with the medium-coarse dolomite can be calculated according to homogenization temperature and oxygen isotope fractionation factor between dolomite and fluid, and the calculated values are between +4‰ and +10‰, consistent with those of the hydrothermal fluid. The medium-coarse dolomite has relatively high 87Sr/86Sr ratios as well, indi- cating an origin associated with intermediate-felsic igneous rock. The homogenization temperature, element composition, REE pattern, oxygen and strontium isotopes demonstrate that the medium-coarse dolomite is the result of recrystallization of very fine-fine dolomite under hydrothermal environment. The hydrothermal dolomite recrystallization is a special event but exists extensively in the Tarim Basin. The recrystallized dolomite becomes well reservoir bed for many intercrystalline pores and dissolution pores are produced in this event, so that more attention should be paid to the altered dolomite during the petroleum exploration in the lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin.     

Characteristics of remaining oil viscosity in water-and polymer-flooding reservoirs in Daqing Oilfield

The experimental analysis of 21 crude oil samples shows a good correlation between high molecular-weight hydrocarbon components (C 40+) and viscosity.Forty-four remaining oil samples extracted from oil sands of oilfield development coring wells were analyzed by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC),for the relative abundance of C 21-,C 21-C 40 and C 40+ hydrocarbons.The relationship between viscosity of crude oil and C 40+ (%) hydrocarbons abundance is used to expect the viscosity of remaining oil.The ...     

低渗低阻产水气藏气水层识别:以广安气田须家河组为例

广安气田上三叠统须四段和须六段气藏发育了构造气藏、构造-岩性气藏和岩性气藏.储层具有低孔、低渗、低阻和高束缚水饱和度特征.空间上,储层孔渗相关关系变化大,气水分布复杂,气水层识别困难.根据岩心对测井的标定,研究了须四段和须六段四性关系,认识到储层为细砂岩、中砂岩和粗砂岩,具有低自然伽马、低补偿密度、低电阻率和高声波时差特征,而物性与含气性无明显相关性.采取了分层、分区块建立储层孔隙度、渗透率模型,提高了物性解释精度.不同气藏类型具有不同的气水分布,应用阵列感应、核磁共振和综合判识3种方法进行了气水层识别,提高了广安气田气水层识别精度.这些方法在广安气田的应用表明可以准确识别构造气藏和构造-岩性气藏的气、水层,但对构造幅度低的岩性气藏识别精度不高,因为在这些岩性气藏中气水分异不彻底,气层与气水同层、水层含水饱和度是渐变的.      

准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系碎屑成分特征及其对构造属性、盆山格局的指示意义

砂岩碎屑成分分析是进行沉积物源岩石类型、构造属性和盆山演化分析的重要途径。准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系物源构造属性以“再旋回造山带”、“弧造山带”和部分“岩浆弧”物源为特征,物源岩石类型主要为中酸性岩浆岩、变质岩和沉积岩,岩石成分、重矿物含量及其组合显示东、西剖面在物源上存在一定差异。天山内部侏罗系物源构造属性以“再旋回造山带”、“混合造山带”为主,物源岩石类型主要为中酸性岩浆岩和变质岩,但各剖面的岩石成分、重矿物组合特征及相对含量差异较大。综合天山内部与准噶尔盆地南缘野外剖面沉积特征、岩屑成分及钻井岩心分析表明,天山地区早、中侏罗世盆山格局以盆地沉积范围大、天山正地形较小为特征,不存在地理分割明显的天山山脉,侏罗纪盆地南缘至少存在三个物源体系(西准噶尔山、克拉麦里山和(古)天山);晚侏罗世一早白垩世早期,岩石成分成熟度偏低,砾岩等粗碎屑沉积明显增多,同时不稳定重矿物及其组合稍有增加可能与晚侏罗世天山构造格局分异、构造活动相对活跃有关,天山山脉明显隆升并造就天山南北沉积环境的巨大差异。     

中国南方海相地层油气保存条件综合评价技术体系探讨

中国南方海相地层的油气藏分别在加里东、印支和燕山期经历了多期多阶段的演变过程,被构造活动改造的强度大。油气保存条件破坏严重,且缺乏有效的评价方法。本文试图通过研究地下流体的化学-动力学行为规律,从动态和演化的角度分析剥蚀作用、断裂-破碎作用、大气水下渗作用等对油气藏破坏的程度、方式,综合评价油气的成藏、保存条件,探索针对南方海相地层油气保存条件评价的技术体系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西部边界的确定及其地球动力学背景

鄂尔多斯盆地西部边界特别是不同时期原型盆地具体边界的确定,是目前该盆地西缘亟待解决的重大科学和生产实践问题之一。作者们着重从盆地西缘地区基本地质事实出发,充分汲取前人的有益成果,历史的分析西缘构造演化及地球动力学特点,紧密结合不同时期西缘盆-山转换的沉积响应,合理利用地震资料及其他第一手资料,认为鄂尔多斯盆地属华北板块的一部分,其形成和发展具体受四周的古祁连洋、古秦岭洋、不同时期的特提斯洋、占亚洲洋(古西拉木伦洋)及古太平洋(伊佐奈岐板块)控制。在此构造背景条件下,盆地西界不同时期范围和形态是不同的。早古生代盆地西缘为主动陆缘性质的弧后盆地;晚古生代盆地西部属被动陆缘构造背景上的滨浅海盆地;文中明确提出,晚三叠世鄂尔多斯原型盆地西界向西越过六盆山,连接六盆山盆地,直逼河西走廊靖远、景泰莫亦山附近,甚至在祁连山区也能找到其踪迹;不仅如此,笔者还认为“银川古隆起”及“西缘古脊梁”在印支期是不存在的,更不存在一个统一的南北走向的前陆盆地与沉降中心;燕山主期(J3)盆地西缘可能隆起,使得六盘山盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地具一定的分割性,但随后在早白垩世又被夷平,鄂尔多斯盆地又与包括六盘山盆地在内的西部白垩纪盆地连通,鄂尔多斯盆地现今西界最后形成的时间应在喜马拉雅晚期(8Ma以来),这也是盆地西缘桌子山-贺兰山-六盘山最后定型的大致时间,它们是印度板块和太平洋板块远距离应力作用的结果。     

中国低丰度大型岩性油气田形成条件和分布规律

我国低丰度岩性油气田具有很大的资源潜力和储量规模,在中、古生代地层均有广泛的分布,具备良好的油气地质背景和成藏条件,是未来油气勘探的重点领域,其形成条件及富集规律不明.本文在大量统计分析和地质研究的基础上,探讨了低丰度大油气田的形成条件、分布特征、富集规律和未来的勘探领域.研究指出了低丰度大型岩性油气田形成的几个地质背景:大面积高丰度烃源岩;平缓的构造格局;稳定的沉积背景;大规模的沉积体系;建设性成岩环境.系统分析了油气田形成控制因素和分布规律:1陆相(或海陆交互相)大型三角洲平原—前缘主河道砂体、海相高能相带(台缘礁滩、滨岸砂体)是大型岩性油气藏的有利分布区;2次生溶蚀相、白云岩化相、风化淋滤相、绿泥石薄膜胶结相和TSR相等建设性成岩作用是优质储层及大油气田分布的有利区;3古地形(古隆起、斜坡、起伏带、鼻隆等)、断裂(层/褶/坡/陷/块)带、构造反转带、裂缝发育带和地层剥蚀尖灭带是大型油气田形成的有利构造条件和富集地区;4低丰度大型岩性油气田的分布和富集普遍受控于构造、沉积和成岩三因素控制的“甜点”.研究成果可为寻找油气勘探的后备领域和储量接替提供理论基础和科学依据.     

湘南骑田岭地区锡矿富集的磁梯度矢量结构研究

湖南骑田岭岩体南部地区已发现的单脉锡矿储量大于1万t的矿体有9条,其中19号脉储量约为25万t,其他8条储量为18万t,可见各脉的锡矿富集情况极为悬殊。本文通过对航磁异常的幅值和梯度矢量结构的研究,发现特别富集的19号脉位于航磁ΔT异常以及上延1000m磁异常矢量梯度的交汇部位和上延2000m磁异常矢量梯度的汇集部位,而其他8条矿体则没有此特征;19号锡矿体之所以特别富集,可能是由于从浅层到深部的成矿流体均运移汇聚而富集,而其他8条矿体则可能只是浅部成矿流体的局部富集。同时,根据与19号脉相似的磁异常矢量梯度的结构,本文指出了3个异常区可能是寻找大型矿脉的靶区。     

Application of Multi-well Subsidence Analysis of the Beryl Embayment,Viking Graben, Northern North Sea

1 Introduction A series of studies have indicated that there were two extensional phases in the North Sea (Fig. 1). An earlier period (Late Permian-Early Triassic) of rifting occurred widely in these areas, with predominant extension direction of W-E (F?rseth, 1996; F?rseth et al., 1997). In contrast to the widely distributed Permo-Triassic extension, Jurassic extension in the North Sea were generally much more localized into the three main rift arms (Fig. 1): the Viking Graben, Moray…     

A Study of Near- and Super-Critical Fluids Using Diamond Anvil Cell and in-Situ FT-IR Spectroscopy

The phase relation and solution structure of water and NaCl aqueous solution have been observed and examined by using the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) at elevated temperatures and pressures and the in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. The temperature of observations ranges from 25 to 850° C and the pressure up to 10 or 30 kb. At first, we observed the phase transition process from halite+liquid+vapour (H+L+V) to L+H, then to L (or supercritical fluid, SCF), and another path: H+L+V? L+V? L (or SCF) in heating process. By means of the visual microscope, the authors found that in the L+V immiscibility field L+V exhibits an ordered structure, i.e. a large visual cluster of solvent around ions. The liquid phase is manifested by vapour bubbles. When phase transitions are observed, the authors examined their infrared spectra by using the FT-IR microscopy simultaneously. In the case of the phase transition from liquid (L) to liquid + vapor (L+V) immisciblity field of NaCl solutions, a sudden change (strong frequency shift) of infrared spectra of the aqueous solution is observed near the critical temperature of water as the temperature is raised from 25 to 650° C. The frequency of the maximum intensity of OH symmetric and asymmetric vibration varies with respect to temperature. The sharp peak of the OH stretching vibration of the maximum intensity appears in an interval from 300 to 400° C. It is indicated that the hydrogen bonding network is weakened and broken at last near the critical point of water, which causes the aqueous solution to become more associated. Besides, a pressure indicator (a mineral or compound) was introduced to the HDAC.