大比例尺地形图数据建库格式的转换

介绍了将南方CASS软件编绘的1∶500数字化地形图(DWG格式)转换为符合测区数字测图DWG分层分色标准的数字化dwg格式图、转换为符合测区地形图要素分类编码规程和测区地形图数据结构规程的ESRI的SHP格式图、转换为符合测区地形图要素分类编码规程的Microsation V8的DGN格式图的三种格式转换的基本原理和技术路线.采用系统化编程方式批量进行转换,把大量的工作都凝聚在程序里,提高了效率,减免了数据转换过程中的信息损失,保证了质量,达到了入库要求.     

测绘工程专业人才培养模式的研究与实践

本文从学校定位及专业实际出发,探讨了测绘工程专业目前存在的问题,研究测绘工程专业人才培养模式和培养计划的基本思路及课程结构体系.从专业设置管理体制的建立、测绘工程专业专项建设经费的设立、实训基地的建设、现代化教学手段等方面对人才培养模式及培养计划实施的保障体系进行了探讨.     

广东沿海牡蛎体Ni含量水平及其时空变化趋势

198 9～ 1997年间 ,为实施“南海贻贝观察”计划 ,对广东沿海 12个地点近江牡蛎体内的 Ni含量水平进行了连续监测 ,结果全部牡蛎样品均检出 Ni,含量范围为 0 .17～ 2 .37mg/kg(湿重 ) ,总平均值为0 .58mg/kg。污染评价结果显示 ,广东沿海 Ni含量总体上处于微污染—轻污染水平。牡蛎体 Ni平均含量呈珠江口海区 >粤西海区 >粤东海区的分布格局 ,其最高值出现在深圳湾、唐家湾和湛江港。 70年代后期至 1991年 ,牡蛎体的 Ni含量呈明显下降趋势 ,此后 Ni含量年际间虽有波动 ,但无显著差异     

广州城市流浪乞讨者的空间管治与日常生活实践

以广州流浪乞讨者为研究对象,通过深度访谈等质性研究方法,解读针对流浪乞讨者的空间管治政策与手段,分析流浪乞讨者的日常生活实践与生境协商。研究发现：在地方城市政策对流动性与公共秩序限制的双重压力下,在流浪乞讨者的日常生活实践中,不仅有针对管治行动者而刻意为之的特殊营建,亦有基于程式化生活流程对自我身份认同的重塑与真情实感的展演。地方政府基于空间目标的救助与真实存在的日常生活实践存在着一种张力。研究关注了城市边缘群体日常生活对地理意义的主动塑造过程,对全面理解并规范管理中国城市流浪乞讨现象具有借鉴意义。     

基于土地利用变化的中国省域碳排放时空差异及碳补偿研究

选择中国30个省级行政区为研究单元,基于土地利用和能源消耗等数据,采用碳排放系数法,对2003~2016年中国土地利用碳源/汇进行计算,探究中国省域土地利用碳排放和碳吸收时空演变,并以碳盈亏时空分析为基础,通过生态补偿系数和经济贡献系数分析碳排放的差异性,以净碳排放量作为基准值进行碳补偿价值的研究。结果表明:① 研究期间碳排放总量和净碳排放量除在2015年出现小幅度下降现象,其余年度均呈现不断增加趋势;碳吸收总量呈现稳中有升的趋势。②土地利用碳吸收的主要载体是耕地和林地,碳汇资源空间差异明显,基本呈现西高东低的分布特征,多数省份在研究期内基本保持一致的碳吸收类型。③ 碳排放总量分布空间差异显著,且主要来自建设用地。④ 依据净碳排放量的区域差异,将其划分为高碳排放区、一般碳排放区、低碳排放区、碳汇区4种类型。⑤ 由于各省域碳补偿标准和净碳排放量的差异导致碳补偿价值区域差异明显。     

Spatio-temporal variability of small fishes related with environmental factors in a typical domestic tap water lake,Eastern China

The knowledge of prey small fish stock, distribution and abundance is necessary to guide stocking of piscivorous fish for the biomanipulation in domestic tap water lakes. This study describes the current status of small fish community in Lake Kuilei (China), and examines the spatial and seasonal variations of the community in relation to key environmental factors. Based on submerged macrophyte cover and water depth, the lake was divided into five major habitats: (1) macrophyte covered shallow habitat of water depth < 2.00 m, (2) uncovered or less-covered shallow habitat (2.00 m–3.50 m), (3) uncovered medium shallow habitat (3.50 m–5.00 m), (4) uncovered medium deep habitat (5.00 m–6.50 m) and (5) uncovered deep habitat (6.50 m–8.50 m). The abundance and composition of small fish were monitored by benthic fykenet sampling from April 2013 to January 2014. A total of 2881 individuals belonging to 5 families and 21 species were collected. Based on their abundance (accounted for 88.96% of the total) and occurrence (more than 33.33%), Acheilognathus chankaensis, Acheilognathus macropterus, Microphysogobio microstomus, Pseudorasbora parva and Rhinogobius giurinus were recognized as dominant small fish species. The results of correlation analysis identified that species richness ( Sr ), Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( H′ ) and Margalef′s richness index ( D ) were significantly negatively correlated with water depth, but positively correlated with biomass of submerged macrophytes.Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the spatial distributions of most small fishes were negatively associated with water depth. The details of these findings are beneficial to understanding the adaptation of the small fishes in degraded environments, and to developing suitable biomanipulation strategies for the management of fish resources and water quality in the lakes along the lower reach of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River basin.

     

Numerical Simulation on Flow Past Two Side-by-Side Inclined Circular Cylinders at Low Reynolds Number

A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations is carried out to investigate the effect of inclined angle on flow behavior behind two side-by-side inclined cylinders at low Reynolds number Re=100 and small spacing ratio T/D=1.5 (T is the center-to-center distance between two side-by-side cylinders, D is the diameter of cylinder). The instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields, force coefficients and Strouhal numbers are analyzed. Special attention is focused on the axial flow characteristics with variation of the inclined angle. The results show that the inclined angle has a significant effect on the gap flow behaviors behind two inclined cylinders. The vortex shedding behind two cylinders is suppressed with the increase of the inclined angle as well as the flip-flop gap flow. Moreover, the mean drag coefficient, root-mean-square lift coefficient and Strouhal numbers decrease monotonously with the increase of the inclined angle, which follows the independent principle at small inclined angles.     

Retrieving volume FeO and TiO_2 abundances of lunar regolith with CE-2 CELMS data using BPNN method

The volume FeO and TiO_2 abundances(FTAs) of lunar regolith can be more important for understanding the geological evolution of the Moon compared to the optical and gamma-ray results. In this paper, the volume FTAs are retrieved with microwave sounder(CELMS) data from the Chang'E-2 satellite using the back propagation neural network(BPNN) method. Firstly, a three-layered BPNN network with five-dimensional input is constructed by taking nonlinearity into account. Then, the brightness temperature(TB) and surface slope are set as the inputs and the volume FTAs are set as the outputs of the BPNN network.Thereafter, the BPNN network is trained with the corresponding parameters collected from Apollo, Luna,and Surveyor missions. Finally, the volume FTAs are retrieved with the trained BPNN network using the four-channel TBderived from the CELMS data and the surface slope estimated from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter(LOLA) data. The rationality of the retrieved FTAs is verified by comparing with the Clementine UV-VIS results and Lunar Prospector(LP) GRS results. The retrieved volume FTAs enable us to re-evaluate the geological features of the lunar surface. Several important results are as follows. Firstly, very-low-Ti(<1.5 wt.%) basalts are the most spatially abundant, and the surfaces with TiO_2> 5 wt.% constitute less than 10% of the maria. Also, two linear relationships occur between the FeO abundance(FA) and the TiO_2 abundance before and after the threshold, 16 wt.% for FA. Secondly, a new perspective on mare volcanism is derived with the volume FTAs in several important mare basins, although this conclusion should be verified with more sources of data. Thirdly, FTAs in the lunar regolith change with depth to the uppermost surface,and the change is complex over the lunar surface. Finally, the distribution of volume FTAs hints that the highlands crust is probably homogeneous, at least in terms of the microwave thermophysical parameters.     

Hydroacoustic estimates of fish biomass and spatial distributions in shallow lakes

We conducted acoustical surveys with a horizontal beam transducer to detect fish and with a vertical beam transducer to detect depth and macrophytes in two typical shallow lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River in November 2013. Both lakes are subject to active fish management with annual stocking and removal of large fish. The purpose of the study was to compare hydroacoustic horizontal beam estimates with fish landings. The preliminary results show that the fish distribution patterns dif fered in the two lakes and were af fected by water depth and macrophyte coverage. The hydroacoustically estimated fish biomass matched the commercial catch very well in Niushan Lake, but it was two times higher in Kuilei Lake. However, acoustic estimates included all fish, whereas the catch included only fish 45 cm(smaller ones were released). We were unable to determine the proper regression between acoustic target strength and fish length for the dominant fish species in the two lakes.     

Quality influencing factors of dispersion curves from short period dense arrays based on a convolutional neural network across the north section of the Xiaojiang fault area

The number of dispersion curves increases significantly when the scale of a short-period dense array increases. Owing to a substantial increase in data volume, it is important to quickly evaluate dispersion curve quality as well as select the available dispersion curve. Accordingly, this study quantitatively evaluated dispersion curve quality by training a convolutional neural network model for ambient noise tomography using a short-period dense array. The model can select high-quality dispersio...