中国成菱镁矿区带与关键科学问题

我国菱镁矿资源丰富,储量巨大,目前位居世界首位.类型上以晶质菱镁矿为主,便于开发利用.晶质菱镁矿又以沉积变质型为主,集中分布在辽东地区,形成了世界级的大型—超大型菱镁矿集中区和生产基地,其次为成因上与超镁铁质杂岩密切相关的热液交代型和风化残积型,青藏班公湖成矿带可作为我国湖相沉积型菱镁矿找矿的重要靶区.本次在对全国62处菱镁矿矿产地资料系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了全国菱镁矿的成矿规律,进一步划分了菱镁矿的矿床类型,并划分出13个成菱镁矿带,编制了“中国菱镁矿成矿规律图”、“中国菱镁矿成矿体系图”和“中国成菱镁矿带分布图”等图件,为我国菱镁矿资源潜力评价的预测工作提供了理论依据.同时,本文对我国辽东超大型菱镁矿的成因机制问题和菱镁矿中镁的物质来源等关键科学问题展开了探讨.     

Efficiency assessment of the energy consumption and economic indicators in Beijing under the influence of short-term climatic factors: based on data envelopment analysis methodology

In this paper, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is introduced to analyze the input–output efficiency of energy consumption and economic indicators in Beijing city under the influence of short-term climatic factors. Total energy consumption, fixed asset investment, average temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, average wind velocity and the average pressure being employed as the input variables, gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita disposable income being employed as the output variables, effective technology and the validity of the scale of DEA of 31 decision-making units (DMUs) under the influence of the short-term climatic factors are analyzed, and the inefficient DMUs are improved. Empirical analysis shows that both energy consumption and economic growth are sensitive to short-term climate condition, and the reasonable employing of extreme climatic conditions is a question worthy of consideration. This study provides effective basis for the scientific and reasonable arrangement of Beijing city’s short-term climatic resources and energy–economic development.     

Emergency countermeasures against marine disasters in Qingdao City on the basis of scenario analysis

Storm surge, sea wave, sea ice, red tide and harmful marine creature bloom are main marine disasters occurring in the coast and offshore areas of Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China. Marine disasters mentioned above can be divided into five categories, namely, marine meteorological disasters, marine hydrological disasters, marine geological disasters, marine ecological disasters and man-made marine disasters. Over the past century, the marine disasters in the coast and offshore areas of Qingdao City have caused great economic losses and casualties. In recent years, some problems still exist in emergency management against marine disasters in Qingdao City, such as inaccurate predictions of disasters, untimely early warning and lack of social participation in the emergency management. On the basis of scenario analysis, the authors try to predict different possible scenarios of marine disasters at different early warning levels and propose some optimized emergency countermeasures against marine disaster in Qingdao City. Results of our research can provide a theoretical basis for the revision and improvement of emergency plans and thus guarantee timely and effective emergency management actions against marine disasters in Qingdao City.

     

域外国家与南海周边地缘经济联系强度演化与态势评估

随着全球经济重心逐渐向亚太地区转移以及区域地缘经济联系日趋紧密,南海战略地位日益凸显,南海周边已成为全球重要战略区域和亚洲最重要的国际地缘问题区域。运用社会网络分析法、修正引力模型等方法,从贸易、投资、旅游等视角切入探究域外国家与南海周边区域的地缘经济联系演变及态势。结果表明：① 2005—2019年域外国家与南海周边区域的贸易联系日益紧密但贸易合作的非均衡化现象较为突出,域内出口贸易网络呈现以中国为核心,老挝、文莱和柬埔寨为边缘地带的相对稳定网络结构特征。② 域外国家对南海周边区域的投资规模显著提升但投资规模的两极化差异态势较为明显,投资区位呈现由高度集中向渐进式扩散转变态势。③ 域外国家入境旅游流持续增长,旅游网络由中国为单一核心演变为中国和泰国为双核心的网络结构,旅游目的地日趋多元化。④ 域外国家与南海周边区域地缘经济联系强度有所降低,但与东盟9国地缘经济联系强度整体上升;虽然以美日为代表的域外国家逐渐减弱与中国的地缘经济联系,但地缘经济联系网络整体仍然呈现以中国为核心,以泰国和新加坡为次核心的网络结构。     

黑河流域植物物种多样性对土地利用变化的响应北大核心CSCD

黑河流域土地利用变化严重影响植物物种多样性。为了解自然、社会经济因素对黑河流域土地利用变化影响下植物物种多样性的变化趋势,本研究使用Dyna-CLUE模型,预测2050年土地利用变化,揭示多因素影响下黑河流域土地利用变化,及土地利用变化与草本、灌木物种多样性间的关系。结果表明:降水、GDP、与自然村距离等因子共同驱动土地利用变化,2050年林地、草地和水域面积的增加和未利用地面积的减小,提高了灌木、草本植物的多样性,并使之均匀度更高,种间优势度减小。耕地面积的扩张和耕地集约化导致植物分布不均、多样性减少。将模拟结果和植物物种多样性发展趋势相结合能够对未来的土地利用规划、政策及生态保护决策提供依据。应针对不同区域土地利用变化情况,制定相应的生物多样性和生态环境保护政策,促进黑河流域生态环境的恢复并支持流域可持续发展。     

淮南矿区谢桥矿A组煤底板灰岩组分结构及水化学特征分析

A组煤(1煤)是矿井延伸开采的主要煤层,受底板承压岩溶水威胁。随着开采深度的增加,A组煤层底板灰岩突水几率也随之逐渐增大。采集谢桥矿A组煤层底板石炭系太原组石灰岩样品及对应层位的太灰水样品,并对不同层石灰岩样品进行显微镜下、X射线衍射(XRD)以及X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析,对水样进行常规离子组分的测试分析,探讨了A组煤石灰岩矿物组成、化学组分及离子含量之间的关系。研究结果表明:太原组C2Ⅰ层和C2Ⅲ层石灰岩孔隙发育,溶蚀能力强,为含水层;C2Ⅱ层石灰岩裂隙不发育,岩溶不发育,为相对隔水层;太灰水中Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+含量主要与石灰岩组成、pH值以及阳离子交换作用有关;Cl-含量与沉积水体盐度相一致。将岩石的矿物学特征与地下水化学组成同时进行研究对A组煤开采可行性分析具有重要现实意义。     

Survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Jiaxing city, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrated PAH (NPAH) products are toxic. Thus, determination of their concentrations is of great interest to researchers of soil and water pollution control. In this work, soil samples, surface water samples, and groundwater samples were collected, and the concentrations of 16 priority PAHs and 15 NPAHs were determined using an HPLC-ultraviolet detector. Results showed that the total PAH concentrations ranged within 489.69–1,670.11 ng/g (average = 905.89 ng/g) in soil samples, 4.00–23.4 μg/l (average = 9.84 μg/l) in surface water samples, and 2.14–22.3 μg/l (average = 8.37 μg/l) in groundwater samples. The NPAH concentrations were one to two orders of magnitude lower than the PAH concentrations and ranged within 22.72–128.70 ng/g (average = 63.88 ng/g) in soil samples. 2-Nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene were the most abundant compounds, accounting for about 14.3 and 26.5 %, respectively. Source analysis revealed that most PAHs originated from coal combustion around the study area, whereas NPAH studies suggested that the primary emission of gasoline engines and daytime OH reactions were the dominant sources of these compounds.     

大电流密度下阴极产物膜的探讨

在室内和现场不同大电流密度下形成阴极产物膜，通过观察膜的形貌、厚度、强度、分析成份，对其进行电位衰变试验、阴极极化试验、生锈试验及维持保护电流试验，进行分析比较，同时对涂层和阴极保护联合防腐时涂层破损、剥落处阴极产物膜的形成，及其对电流密度、保护电位的影响作了探讨。本文还对阴极产物膜的应用价值，以及在阴极保护中应用的可能性作了阐述。     

中国北方现代粟、黍及其野生近缘种的淀粉粒形态数据分析

对来自中国北方不同区域的9个粟（Setaria italica）样品及其野生祖本青狗尾草（Setaria viridis）的7个样品,9个黍（Panicum miliaceum）样品及其近缘野生种糠稷（Panicum bisulcatum）和野黍（Eriochloa villosa）样本各 1个,共27个样品进行了淀粉粒分析。针对每个样品,统计100～200颗淀粉粒粒径数据,100颗形态特征数据,在此基础上初步明确了5种植物淀粉粒如下判别特征: 1）5种淀粉粒中,除野黍淀粉粒为小粒径（X=4.8±0.8μm）的椭球形和球形外,其余4种淀粉粒都以多面体为主,球形或近球形为辅,脐点居中开放,黍、粟、青狗尾草和糠稷淀粉的平均粒径分别为X=7.3±1.4μm,X=9.9±2.3μm,X=7.7±1.4μm和X=6.9±1.2μm。2）粒径大于12μm的淀粉粒一般不是黍的淀粉粒。3）粒径大于14μm的淀粉粒99.9％来自粟。3）粒径小于11μm的淀粉粒,如果超过40％的淀粉粒表面无裂隙,极有可能为黍属的淀粉粒;  如果有超过30％的淀粉粒表面具有裂隙,则非常有可能来自狗尾草属。4）近乎45％的粟淀粉粒粒径处于11～14μm,而只有约4％的青狗尾草淀粉粒粒径位于这一区间。如果粒径在11～14μm的淀粉粒含量超过获得淀粉粒总量的4％,则其中很可能包含有粟的淀粉粒。以上标准在鉴定时还需要综合考虑。高粱（Sorghum bicolor）与薏米（Coix chinensis）在粒径和形态上与狗尾草属和黍属有部分重合,但大部分高粱的淀粉粒具有层纹,薏米则有30％的粒径大于14μm,与粟只有5％的淀粉粒位于这一粒径范围有很大的区别。通过研究发现,在现阶段,典型黍亚科（Panicoideae）种类淀粉形态在统计上的区别是明显的,但仅依靠少量颗粒特征进行区分是困难的,如何把现代淀粉特征准确应用到考古样品的鉴定中,还有待更多的淀粉埋藏学研究。目前,针对粟、黍及其野生近缘种的鉴别,植硅体分析的效果明显好于淀粉粒分析。     

盐浴法红宝石离子扩散优化处理研究

采用盐浴法,对红宝石进行离子热扩散处理,应用XL-30 ESEM型扫描电镜与phoenix能谱仪,对样品进行了形貌和元素测试,分析了盐浴法红宝石离子扩散处理的机理,为红宝石热扩散处理提供一种更好的方法。