过去2000a中国东部冬半年温度变幅与周期

The amplitude and rhythm of temperature changes at inter-decadal and inter-centennial timescale were studied, based on the winter-half year temperature change series reconstructed from historical phenological events in eastern China for the past 2000 years, together with the temperature change simulation from ECHO-G model for the past 1000 years, and the quasi-periods of temperature fluctuation were discussed by using wavelet analysis. The results indicate: 1) the maximal amplitude of winter half-year temperature change in eastern China at decadal and centennial scale, was above 2℃ and 0.5-1.0℃ respectively. The reconstructed result indicates that the amplitude of warming during the 20th century was identical with the maximum amplitude before the 20th century in eastern China, but the simulated result suggests that the amplitude of warming has exceeded the maximum amplitude. 2) The rhythms of temperature change at centennial to millennial scale in eastern China were about 100-year, 250-year, 400-year, 600-year and 1000-year. The 20th century, the 1st-3rd century and the 9th-13th century were warm peaks at inter-centennial scale as well as at millennial scale. It is implicated that the warming during the 20th century should be attributed to not only anthropogenic effect, but also natural climate variation.     

工作任务提醒系统的设计与实现

气象实时业务每天需要进行大量的程序化工作,为了减轻工作人员的压力,使用VB语言编写了工作任务提醒系统.该软件每日能够自动生成任务列表,并对每项工作任务进行提醒,解决了工作人员遗漏某项工作的问题,并对没有完成的工作任务及时报警,避免事故的发生.报警装置连接在计算机的COM 1端口上,将信号电位放大后作为报警器电源,连接方便可靠.该系统已经在业务中使用了近两年,取得了较好的应用效果.     

干空气侵入对河南省2006年1月18-19日暴雪形成的作用

利用NCEP再分析资料和常规气象观测资料,分析了2006年1月18-19日发生在河南省的一次暴雪过程,结果表明,这次暴雪过程中存在干侵入现象。干侵入的发生发展对暴雪过程具有重要作用:干侵入沿相当位温密集带向下向北传播,引起对流层低层气旋性涡度发展,增强辐合上升运动,导致降水的增强;高层干冷空气向下注入,引起温度场扰动,在对流层中低层形成逆温层,有利于暴雪天气的发生;高空急流入口区北侧的下沉运动为对流层高层干空气和高位涡的下传提供了动力条件。     

郑州市气象因子对大气颗粒物浓度的影响研究

基于2015、2016年河南省环境监测中心站获取的郑州市9个监测点颗粒物浓度和逐日气象数据,对气象因素和颗粒物浓度相关性进行了研究。结果表明:郑州市大气颗粒物浓度受季节影响较强,总体呈现冬季高、夏季低的趋势。降水量与大气颗粒物浓度呈现明显的负相关。相对湿度的增高不利于PM_(2. 5)浓度的降低,而PM_(10)的浓度则随着相对湿度的增高有所降低。春夏秋三季的主要风向为东北偏东,当春季风为东南风和西风时,颗粒物浓度最低;当夏季风为东北偏东风时,颗粒物浓度最低;秋季吹东北风时,颗粒物浓度最低。冬季吹西北风(郑州冬季盛行风向)时,大气颗粒物质量浓度最低。     

自动站A文件的格式及预审注意事项

对报表审核中自动站A文件格式的一些现象进行分析,提出了对A文件的格式进行预审时应注意的几个问题。     

Simulations of the effects of soil temperature and humidity disturbances on regional climate of China

Summary ?This simulation study was applied by a regional climate model (RegCM2) and forced by reasonable soil temperature and humidity disturbances, in order to examine the disastrous weather and climate-produced such disturbances that were performed in a series of experiments of different climatic zones, seasons and space/time scales, to recognize the persistence and to understand the mechanisms of their respective climatic responses under the current climatic background of China. The simulation results showed that, in regions of East Asian monsoon climate, the soil humidity disturbance (SHD) has greater impact on posterior climate responses than the temperature disturbance has. The SHD forcing exerts noticeable influence on rainfall generally. Although the centers of changed precipitation generally do not coincide with those of the disturbances, the centers are located mostly in downwind areas of the SHD core and in areas of prevailing updraft, even some places far away; with neighboring dry/moist SHD zones, a bigger rainfall increase tends to show up in the dry region instead of in the wet one. The simulation suggested that the SHD lasts for a rather long time, whose length is controlled by the presence of a positive feedback between the precipitation, the synchronous circulation patterns, the latitude and season, and the intensity of the SHD forcing. This study has found that the humidity disturbance (especially from rainfall) is in good correspondence to posterior temperature that the previous SHD enhancement leads to the subsequent temperature drop in the surface and near-surface layer, while the centers of lowered temperature can remain more than three months. Received April 3, 2001; Revised December 19, 2001     

中国水资源年景评估方法及其应用研究

根据产水模数及水资源利用率两项指标 ,将我国水资源状况分为三类 :常年缺水区、旱年缺水区、常年不缺水区 ,确定北方地区为水资源评估业务服务的重点地区。为实现年水资源的定量评估 ,利用降水历史资料和水资源总量资料 ,根据水资源总量、产水系数与降水的关系 ,建立了全国及各省 (市、区 )年水资源总量的评估模型 ,并形成水资源年景评估业务系统。     

7月中低纬地区流场的模拟特征

利用ｐ－σ混合坐标系原始方程５层球带模式，对７月中低纬流进行数值模拟，重点分析近地面流场，经圈环流、纬向风随高度的变化及越赤道气流的模拟特征，结果表明，季风区和非季风区的经圈环流及纬向风的垂直分布，存在着明显的差异，并能清楚地看到海陆热力差异对大气环流的影响。     

40-30kaBP青藏高原及邻区高温大降水事件的特征、影响及原因探讨

40－30kaBP相当于末次冰期大间冰阶或海洋氧同位素MIS3晚期。青藏高原在岁差周期夏季高太阳辐射作用下,据古里雅冰芯与若干孢粉记录指示温度比现在高2－4℃,高原及邻区众多大湖的高湖面记录指示大范围降水丰沛。应用Kutzbach水能平衡方程推算了封闭湖泊流域（青海湖、扎布耶／拉果错、阿克塞钦／甜水海）年平均降水可达640mm,560mm,260mm,分别是现代降水的1．7倍,3倍,5倍。高原及邻区包括祁连山以北和云南部分区域在内的大降水对水系河流产生了重大影响。高原内部河湖串联,水系合并;如色林错、班戈错、纳木错串联为高原上最大的内陆水系;若尔盖古湖外流并入黄河水系;长江上游大水在三峡束狭形成强烈旋涡掏蚀成低于海平面的深槽,形成了深槽中、底部的砂砾沉积。这次高温大降水事件是由高太阳辐射导致的由青藏高原高温热低压加强、热带洋面增暖蒸发强烈、南半球越赤道气流增强共同作用而形成的高原特强夏季风,同时极地冰盖迫使西风带南移也可能加强了对高原尤其是西部的降水．H3事件（27kaBP)促进了高温大降水事件的结束,H4事件（35.5kaBP)则可能短期萎缩了夏季风,使高温大降水事件呈现不稳定性特点。