多层球状物角度稀疏投影CT重建仿真研究

本文主要针对高密度差多层球状物体的角度稀疏投影CT重建问题,进行基于FBP算法的仿真研究。参考特殊工件材料结构特征设计建立检测对象模型,采用C++语言开发完成平行束圆周扫描FBP重建仿真软件平台。分别采用直接补零和紧邻填充两种方法补全缺失的稀疏投影数据,并进行仿真重建和比较分析。对重建图像进行了有针对性地基于边缘和区域的增强处理方法研究,使缺陷特征得以凸显。本文的研究内容和方法可为具有类似特征的CT无损检测提供技术参考。     

湖泊生态系统对过去1000年气候变化的响应研究——以鄱阳湖生态系统动力学模拟为例

与陆地生态系统相比,水生生态系统对全球气候变暖的响应敏感而脆弱。鄱阳湖是我国最大面积的淡水湖泊,近年来湖泊水位下降、湖床干涸频发,发生了一系列水生态灾害事件以及生态系统的退化,但气候变化对湖泊生态灾害发生和生态系统退化的过程和机制目前还不清楚。本文基于Lotka-Volterra 动力模型的原理和结构,首先构建湖泊初级生产者浮游植物(藻)与高等水生植物(草)的竞争模式,其次构建初级生产者草、藻与顶级猎食者鱼的捕食模式,最后利用气候-湖泊水量与生态因子的物质传递原理,构成气候与生态的动力方程组,设置现代和历史不同时期的试验方案进行数值模拟研究。模拟结果表明,鄱阳湖藻、草、鱼生物群落在各自的环境容纳量、增长率和相互依存/抑制关系下,年内和年际生物量变化构成了稳定和准循环系统(试验Ⅰ)。在湖泊水量与生态因子相互作用中,水量生态效应可保持生态系统的动态平衡(试验Ⅱ)。应用到过去1000年湖泊生态系统中,模拟发现在气候-水量变化的边界条件下,湖泊生物量增加和减退的速度不对称(试验Ⅲ)。水量的反馈可使增加阶段的生物量速度减缓、使衰减阶段的速度加速,从而量化了气候水量变化在生态系统中的负反馈效应。设置小冰期气候的试验Ⅳ模拟表明,在流域降水减少19% 、湖泊面积减少33% 和湖泊水量减少7% 的状况下,湖泊生态系统在600~700个月内振荡并衰退。当这个极端气候持续600个月以上,水生群落系统全面崩溃。小冰期中鄱阳湖的沙生和旱生植被替代水生和湿生植被的沉积孢粉证据验证了这个模拟,表明在极端干旱条件下,边界条件变化显著超过了生态系统的应对能力,湖泊生态系统在长期震荡后崩溃。     

过去500年华南地区冷暖变化记录及其对冬季温度变化的定量指示意义

整编了历史文献中记载的1400年以来华南地区霜冻灾害及冰冻灾害南界、降雪南界及日数和初／终霜冻灾害日期记录; 并结合1951年以来器测气温序列, 分析了各类记录与华南地区11~2月平均气温的相关性, 揭示其对温度变化的定量指示意义。结果表明: 华南地区的霜冻灾害南界、冰冻灾害南界、降雪南界和降雪日数可较好地指示该区域的温度变化; 且24°N以南地区(包括广东、广西、台湾中南部和海南)的最早与最晚霜冻灾害日期对华南地区温度变化亦具有指示作用。其中霜冻灾害南界、冰冻灾害南界、降雪南界向南推进1个纬度, 华南11~2月平均气温分别约低0.23℃、0.41℃和0.40℃; 南岭两侧50km范围内的降雪日数每多(少)10天, 华南11~2月平均气温约低(高)0.22℃。受原始记载缺失及距今越近、记录数量越多等的影响, 1400~1500年间有记录的年份只有7年, 而1501~1950年间有记录的年份则有309年。1951年以来, 冰冻灾害和降雪南界从未到海南, 霜冻灾害南界到海南岛的年份有8年; 而1501~1950年间, 冰冻灾害南界虽也从未到达海南岛, 但降雪南界有5年、霜冻灾害南界有22年到达海南岛, 且整个区域的初(终)霜冻灾害平均日期也早(晚)于1951年以后。这为下一步重建这一地区更长时段的年分辨率温度序列提供了重要依据。     

Androecium of Archaefructus, the Late Jurassic Angiosperms from Western Liaoning, China

Androecium of the earliest known flowering plant Archaefructus liaoningensis was found from the Upper Jurassic Jianshangou Formation of western Liaoning, China. The androecium consists of numerous stamens bearing in pair on the reproductive axes below conduplicate carpels. The stamens are composed of a short filament and basifixed anther for each. Monosulcate pollen in situ are found from the anthers. The characters of the androecium reveals that Archaefructus are probably protandrous, and the paired stamens and monosulcate pollen appear to indicate that Archaefructus, as primitive angiosperms,might be derived from extinct seed -ferns during the Older Mesozoic. Archaefructus is considered Late Jurassic in age.     

An analytical solution for a jointed shield‐driven tunnel lining

This paper presents an analytical solution for the prediction of internal forces and displacements of a jointed segmental precast circular tunnel lining. The effects of joint stiffness on the performance of the tunnel lining are discussed. The ‘force method’ is used to determine the internal forces and displacements of jointed tunnel lining. Five shield‐driven tunnel cases are adopted to study the effects of joint stiffness, soil resistance, joint distribution and joint number on the internal forces and displacements of circular tunnels. Laboratory model tests are conducted to verify the proposed analytical solution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Androecium of Archaefructus , the Late Jurassic Angiosperms from Western Liaoning, China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｒｃｈａｅｆｒｕｃｔｕｓ ,ｔｈｅｏｌｄｅｓｔｋｎｏｗｎａｎｇｉｏｓｐｅｒｍｓ ,ｗｅｒｅｆｏｕｎｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＵｐｐｅｒＪｕｒａｓｓｉｃＪｉａｎｓｈａｎｇｏｕＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ (ｉ.ｅ .ｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｏｗｅｒｐａｒｔｏｆＹｉ     

早期中子星和夸克物质

夸克禁闭的解除与夸克物质的存在一直是物理学家极感兴趣的问题。尽管理论上已指出在超高温或超高密的条件下可以有夸克物质存在,但是由于地面实验室的条件所限,目前还不能通过实验证实这一点.宇宙中被观测到的中子星(例如crab和Vela脉冲星)的中心密度大于4倍的核物质密度,其中心温度也可以达到10~8—10~9K,于是人们希     

Androecium of Archaefructus,the Late Jurassic Angioperms from Western Liaoning,China

Androecium of the earliest known flowering plant Archaefructus liaoningensis was found from the Upper Jurassic Jianshangou Formation of western Liaoning, China. The androecium consists of numerous stamens bearing in pair on the re-productive axes below conduplicate carpels. The stamens are composed of a short filament and basifixed anther for each. Mo-nosulcate pollen in situ are found from the anthers. The characters of the androecium reveals that Archaefructus are probably protandrous, and the paired stamens and monosulcate pollen appear to indicate that Archaefructus, as primitive angiosperms, might be derived from extinct seed-ferns during the Older Mesozoic. Archaefructus is considered Late Jurassic in age.     

Formation of the Permian Taipinggou igneous rocks,north of Luobei (Northeast China): implications for the subduction of the Mudanjiang Ocean beneath the Bureya–Jiamusi Massif

Controversy has long surrounded the tectonic framework and evolution of the Mudanjiang Ocean between the Bureya–Jiamusi–Khanka Massif and Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif, which are located in the easternmost segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. To address these issues, we present zircon U-Pb ages, geochemical data, and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of the Taipinggou amphibolite and metagabbro exposed along the boundary area of Bureya–Jiamusi Massif and Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif. Magmatic zircons from the amphibolite and metagabbro yield ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 267 ± 2 Ma and 264 ± 2 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as protolith ages. The geochemical data of the amphibolite samples show transitional characteristics of calcalkaline to tholeiitic series, with high MgO concentrations (9.44–10.48 wt.%) and Mg-numbers (73–75). These samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Ba, and K) and light rare earth elements and are depleted in high-field-strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, and Ti) and heavy rare earth elements, with εHf(t) values of ?6.63 to ?3.26. It is inferred that the parental magma originated from an enriched lithospheric mantle that had been metasomatized by fluids derived from subducted oceanic slab. During magma evolution, the magma that formed the amphibolite mainly experienced accumulation with a shallow-level evolutionary process involving fractional crystallization. The Taipinggou metagabbro samples are subalkaline series and also characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Ba, and K) and light rare earth elements and by depletion in Nb–Ta–P–Ti, with εHf(t) values of ?3.09 to +1.16. The Taipinggou metagabbro and amphibolite have similar geochemical and Hf isotopic compositions, indicating a common parental magma source but with different degrees of magmatic differentiation. Based on the new geochronological and geochemical data presented in this study, we propose that both the Taipinggou metagabbro and amphibolite formed in a Middle Permian continental arc setting, closely related to eastward subduction beneath the Bureya–Jiamusi Massif. Combined with previous studies and regional geological observations, we suggest that a double-side subduction model is favoured for the Late Palaeozoic–Early Mesozoic geodynamic processes along the boundary area of Bureya–Jiamusi–Khanka Massif and Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif.     

Late Cretaceous basalts and rhyolites from Shimaoshan Group in eastern Fujian Province,SE China: age,petrogenesis, and tectonic implications

ABSTRACT

Southeastern China is characterized by an extensive Late Mesozoic (Yanshanian) tectono-magmatic-metallogenic event. Although Late Cretaceous volcanism gradually weakened during the epilogue of the Yanshanian event, its petrogenesis and geodynamic processes remain unclear. In this study, we present new zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic, whole-rock elemental, and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions data, for volcanic rocks from the Zhaixia Formation of the Shimaoshan Group in Fujian Province. The lower member of the Zhaixia Formation consists of basalts and rhyolites, and the upper member is only rhyolites. These volcanic rocks erupted in the early stage of Late Cretaceous, with basalts erupting earlier (ca. 99–98 Ma) than rhyolites (ca. 98–94 Ma). These basalts record high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic, light rare earth element (LREE)- and LILE-enrichment, high field strength element (HFSE)depletion with negligible Eu anomalies, and uniform whole-rock ε_Nd(t) (–3 to –6) and zircon ε_Hf(t) (–3.3 to –14.1) values. The overlying rhyolites record peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline characteristics, LREE- and LILE-enrichment with negative Eu anomalies, and Nb–Ta depletion. The whole-rock ε_Nd(t) and zircon ε_Hf(t) values of these rhyolites both increase from the lower member (ε_Nd(t), –1.5 to –4.7; ε_Hf(t), –5.1 to –16.1) to the upper member (ε_Nd(t), –0.5 to 0.1; ε_Hf(t), –0.3 to –4.3). The features imply that these basalts were derived from the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle and the overlying rhyolites from the melting of the crustal components, respectively. Data from the rhyolites in the upper member indicate that more juvenile, Nd–Hf isotopically depleted materials were injected into their source. During the Late Cretaceous, the new, fast rollback of the subducting slab triggered lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling beneath the coastal regions, which induced the melting of lithospheric mantle and crustal components. As continued, the new round of basaltic underplating provided necessary heat to cause partial melting of the deep crust, including the younger, juvenile, and isotopically depleted crustal components.