Spatial and temporal variations in minibasin geometry and evolution in salt tectonic provinces: Lower Congo Basin,offshore Angola

In passive margin salt basins, the distinct kinematic domains of thin‐skinned extension, translation and contraction exert important controls on minibasin evolution. However, the relationship between various salt minibasin geometries and kinematic domain evolution is not clear. In this study, we use a semi‐regional 3D seismic reflection dataset from the Lower Congo Basin, offshore Angola, to investigate the evolution of a network of minibasins and intervening salt walls during thin‐skinned, gravity‐driven salt flow. Widespread thin‐skinned extension occurred during the Cenomanian to Coniacian, accommodated by numerous distributed normal faults that are typically 5–10 km long and spaced 1–4 km across strike within the supra‐salt cover. Subsequently, during the Santonian–Paleocene, multiple, 10–25 km long, 5–7 km wide depocentres progressively grew and linked along strike to form elongate minibasins separated by salt walls of comparable lengths. Simultaneous with the development of the minibasins, thin‐skinned contractional deformation occurred in the southwestern downslope part of the study area, forming folds and thrusts that are up to 20 km long and have a wavelength of 2–4 km. The elongate minibasins evolved into turtle structures during the Eocene to Oligocene. From the Miocene onwards, contraction of the supra‐salt cover caused squeezing and uplift of the salt walls, further confining the minibasin depocentres. We find kinematic domains of extension, translation and contraction control the minibasin initiation and subsequent evolution. However, we also observe variations in minibasin geometries associated with along‐strike growth and linkage of depocentres. Neighbouring minibasins may have different subsidence rates and maturity leading to marked variations in their geometry. Additionally, migration of the contractional domain upslope and multiple phases of thin‐skinned salt tectonics further complicates the spatial variations in minibasin geometry and evolution. This study suggests that minibasin growth is more variable and complex than existing domain‐controlled models would suggest.     

The Subsurface and Surface Indian Ocean Dipoles and Their Association with ENSO in CMIP6 models

This study assesses the reproducibility of 31 historical simulations from 1850 to 2014 in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6) for the subsurface(Sub-IOD) and surface Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) and their association with El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). Most CMIP6 models can reproduce the leading east-west dipole oscillation mode of heat content anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean(TIO) but largely overestimate the amplitude and the dominant period of the Sub-IOD. Associat...     

未来情景下中国高温的人口暴露度变化及影响因素研究

基于RCP 8.5气候情景下21个高分辨率全球气候模式的日最高气温数据和A2r社会经济发展情景下的人口数据,以高温日数和人口数量的乘积构建高温的人口暴露度指标,采用多个气候模式集合平均的方法从网格单元尺度分析未来不同时段中国高温和强危害性高温的人口暴露度变化,并从全国和气象地理分区两种空间尺度研究人口暴露度变化的影响因素。研究表明：未来情景下,中国高温的人口暴露度明显增加,2021-2040年、2041-2060年、2061-2080年和2081-2100年相比基准时段1981-2010年分别增加了1.3、2.0、3.6和5.9倍,强危害性高温的人口暴露度增加更为显著,相比基准时段分别增加了2.0、8.3、24.2和82.7倍。高温的人口暴露度在华北、黄淮、华南、江南、江淮、西南和江汉地区增加较为明显,其中华北、黄淮、华南和江南最为显著;强危害性高温的人口暴露度在华北、黄淮、江南、江淮、西南和江汉等区域增加较为明显,其中华北、黄淮、江南和江淮最为显著;未来情景下人口暴露度的变化主要受气候因子的影响,其次受人口和气候因子的共同影响,单独人口因子的影响很小。全国尺度上,气候因子对未来不同时段人口暴露度变化的影响逐渐减弱,贡献率由70.0%左右逐渐减至60.0%左右。人口和气候因子的共同作用逐渐增强,贡献率由20.0%左右逐渐增至40.0%左右。     

地理元胞自动机模型研究进展

元胞自动机(Cellular Automata,简称CA)是一种基于微观个体的相互作用空间离散动态模型,其强大的计算功能、固有的平行计算能力、高度动态及空间概念等特征,使它在模拟空间复杂系统的时空动态演变研究具有较强的优势。文章回顾了元胞自动机的发展历程,阐述了CA在地理学中的主要应用领域和研究进展,在此基础上,以现实世界地理实体及现代城市扩张特征为视角,分析目前CA研究所面临的问题,并对其未来的研究趋势进行了初步探讨,认为以下3个方面将是未来CA研究的热点：① 利用不规则元胞及可控邻域的CA模型,对不同规则或不同邻域地理实体的模拟研究;② 采用三维元胞自动机对现代城市扩张进行立体化模拟,以克服二维CA模型的缺陷;③ 将矢量元胞自动机模型应用于地理实体的模拟研究,进一步提高模拟精度。     

考虑防灾减灾能力的洪涝灾害灾损率曲线构建——以里下河地区的李中镇为例

作为恢复力的重要内容之一,承灾体的防灾减灾能力是评估灾害经济损失的重要参考因素。根据在里下河地区李中镇调研所得数据,绘制初始灾损率散点图,构建了初始灾损率曲线;然后考虑防灾减灾能力因素,绘制实际的灾损率散点图和拟合曲线。结果显示：①在0.05的显著性水平下,住宅区、工业区、商业区、公共设施区和农业区五类承灾体财产的淹没水深与灾损率均存在乘幂函数关系。②考虑防灾减灾能力因素后,洪涝灾害对不同承灾体的经济损失有所减少。住宅区财产在淹没水深3 m时经济损失减少了34%,工业区在2 m时经济损失减少了17%,商业区在3 m时经济损失减少了24%,公共设施部门在2 m时经济损失减少了11%。防灾减灾能力因素对住宅区洪涝灾害经济损失的影响更加明显。本文作为有关灾损率曲线研究的有益补充,结果可为类似地区城镇的防灾减灾决策及灾害风险管理提供参考。     

歧北斜坡沙三段碎屑岩储集性能及其影响因素

基于物性、薄片、压汞、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等资料,分析了歧口凹陷歧北斜坡沙三段储集性能及其影响因素。结果表明:歧北斜坡沙三段主要发育以岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩为主的辫状河三角洲沉积体系,储集孔隙以粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸膜孔等次生孔隙为主;碎屑岩储集物性受物源供给、沉积相带、成岩作用三大因素控制,物源供给与沉积相带主要控制浅层(3 000 m)碎屑岩原生储集性能,成岩作用与异常高压主要控制中深层(3 000 m)碎屑岩次生储集孔隙。多种因素共同作用促使沙三段纵向上发育了4个异常孔隙带,生成了油气储集成藏的重要目标层段。     

Isolation of prawn (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Exopalaemon carinicauda</Emphasis>) lipopolysaccharide and β-1, 3-glucan binding protein gene and its expression in responding to bacterial and viral infections

The pattern recognition proteins (PRPs) play a major role in immune response of crustacean to resist pathogens. In the present study, as one of PRPs, lipopolysaccharide and β-1, 3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) gene in the ridge tail white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda) (EcLGBP) was isolated. The full-length cDNA of EcLGBP was 1338 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 366 amino acid residules. The deduced amino acid sequence of EcLGBP shared high similarities with LGBP and BGBP from other crustaceans. Some conservative domains were predicted in EcLGBP sequence. EcLGBP constitutively expressed in most tissues at different levels, and the highest expression was observed in hepatopancreas. With infection time, the cumulative mortality increased gradually followed by the proliferation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The expression of EcLGBP in response to V. parahaemolyticus infection was up-regulated in hemocytes and hepatopancreas, and the up-regulation in hepatopancreas was earlier than that in hemocytes. EcLGBP expression after WSSV infection increased at 3 h, then significantly decreased in both hemocytes and hepatopancreas. The results indicated that EcLGBP was involved in the immune defense against bacterial and viral infections.     

多向观测电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定土壤和水系沉积物中常量和微量元素

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定土壤和水系沉积物样品中Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P、Ba、Be、Cd、Ce、Co、Cr、Cu、Li、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Ti、V、W、Zn等23个常量和微量元素。各元素选择光谱干扰少、准确度高的多向观测方式(轴向、径向、轴向衰减、径向衰减),结合多元光谱拟合技术校正光谱干扰,改善方法的检出限及精密度。结果表明,方法的回收率为94.0%~103.4%,精密度(RSD,n=10)低于3.0%。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,测定值与标准值基本相符。     

Relationship between oriental migratory locust plague and soil moisture extracted from MODIS data

Locust plagues have been the source of some of the most severe natural disasters in human history. Soil moisture content is among the most important of the numerous factors influencing plague onset and severity. This paper describes a study initiated in three pilot locust plague monitoring regions, i.e., Huangzao, Yangguanzhuang, and Tengnan in Huanghua county, Hebei province, China, to examine the impact of soil moisture status on oriental migratory locust [Locusta migratoria manilensis (L.) Meyen] plague breakout as related to the life cycle, oviposition in autumn, survival in winter, and incubation in summer. Thirty-nine temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) data sets, which represent soil moisture content, were extracted from MODIS remote sensing images for two representative time periods: a severe locust plague breakout year (2001–2002) and a slight plague year (2003–2004). TVDI values demonstrated distinctive soil moisture status differences between the 2 years concerned. Soil moisture conditions in the severe plague year were shown to be lower than those in slight plague year. In all three pilot regions, average TVDI value in the severe plague year was 0.07 higher than that in slight plague year, and monthly TVDI values in locust oviposition period (September and October) and incubation period (March, April and May) were higher than their corresponding monthly figures in slight plague year. No remarkable TVDI differences were found in other months during the locust life cycle between the 2 years. TVDI values for September and October (2001), March, April and May (2002) were 0.11, 0.08, 0.16, 0.11 and 0.16 higher than their corresponding monthly figures in 2003–2004 period, respectively.