中国末次冰盛期以来湖泊水量变化及古气候变化机制解释

中国古湖泊数据库收录的42个湖泊,提供的湖泊水量每千年变化的空间信息,可以用来系统分析中国区域末次冰盛期以来大气环流变化的状况.研究结果表明:我国西部从末次冰盛期以来直至全新世中期均为较湿润的气候状况,推测冰期内的湿润条件主要与西风带的降水以及低温低蒸发密切相关,而全新世主要为夏季风降水增加所致;全新世晚期气候趋干明显.我国东部的大部分区域在冰盛期和晚冰期较为干旱;只是在全新世有效降水状况才有大幅度的改善,全新世中期夏季风降水的效应仍然相当显著,控制的范围可达整个中国西部,同时位于现代季风气候区的中国东部,有效降水的峰值区的变化似乎存在从北往南的穿时性,南方有效降水峰值出现在晚全新世.而西南季风区湿润状况的明显改善发生在晚冰期,比东南季风区发生的早,显然这与两个季风系统的相互消长有一定的关系.我国东北区的湿润状况改善的也较早,显示了独特的季风气候机制.     

ANSYS/LS-DYNA在地震工程中的应用

近年在国内很流行的大型通用程序ANSYS不但具有强大的前后处理功能、丰富的单元类型和材料库,而且该软件中有一个LS-DYNA模块采用了粘性边界（viscous boundary）来模拟无限域的影响,从而可以方便地、较准确地进行地基动力作用分析.国外利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA进行地基动力作用分析非常普遍,而国内还未见到将ANSYS/LS-DYNA用于地震工程.本文将介绍如何利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA进行地基动力作用分析,同时,由于软件中用于模拟无限域的粘性边界精度较低,本文提出采用精度较高的粘-弹性边界替换粘性边界,从而改善了计算结果.     

从航空彩红外到航天热红外遥感应用二十年

本文概述了在地质－地球物理遥感应用领域２０年的探索历程,起初应用国产彩色红外航空照片,以判释地表构造为主,继而应用美国地球资源卫星ＭＳＳ多光谱信息,通过与地球物理信息的计算机图像复合,研究地壳结构,最后发现用美国ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星热红外通道信息与地热学结合,研究地表下隐伏构造,地热,地表水和浅层地下水的分布状况。研究范围涉及到塔里木,准噶尔,阿尔泰,鄂尔多斯,攀西,滇西,皖南,闽东等地区。     

Research on the Seismic Wave Characteristics of Low Frequency Signals before the Alxa Left Banner MS5.8 Earthquake in Inner Mongolia, China

In order to search for the seismic wave characteristics of low frequency signals in the Alxa Left Banner region,Inner Mongolia,the low frequency signals of seismic wave data are extracted from the earthquakes of MS5. 8 in 2015 and MS5. 0 in 2016 in this area. The results show that:① Before the MS5. 8 earthquake,the seismic stations located near the epicenter in Wuhai,Dongshengmiao,and Shizuishan recorded seismic waves that showed the phenomenon of spectrum shift from high to low frequency.② The low frequency signals recorded by different stations have obvious difference.③ According to the data recorded by the station closest to the epicenter,low-frequency signals were recorded about120 hours before the earthquake and had obvious anomalies. This may reflect slow slip before the earthquake.     

基于CAN总线技术的电极控制器设计

分析目前多极距测量系统存在的问题,将CAN总线技术应用于多极距地电阻率测量系统中,研制基于CAN总线技术的新型电极控制器。详细介绍电极控制器的主要特点、工作原理、硬件结构设计以及通信协议。经过各种性能测试,结果表明,该电极控制器稳定可靠,符合多极距地电阻率观测要求。     

The behaviour of beach elevation contours in response to different wave energy environments

Within the context of a warming climate, there are wide and increasing concerns about the way beaches respond to different wave energy environments. However, behavioural differences in changes in beach elevation contours (including shorelines) in different wave energy environments remain unknown. Thus, it is unilateral to evaluate the changes in beaches based on a single elevation contour (e.g. shoreline) in coastal engineering and management applications. In this study, based on the collected shoreline and wave energy data of two international beaches, as well as the measured beach elevation contour data from Yintan Beach and the corresponding wave energy data simulated by Xbeach, our results show that frequency distributions of beach elevation contour changes exhibit distinct features under different wave energy environments. Under high wave energy environments, the frequency distributions of beach elevation contour changes show a Gaussian distribution. However, frequency distributions of beach elevation contour changes present a power law, intermediate between the logarithmic and Gaussian distributions under low and moderate wave energy environments, respectively. Furthermore, the conceptual model of beach elevation contour changes constructed by this study indicates that the relative importance of the wave energy and sediment resistance determines this phenomenon. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

Variability of tree transpiration across three zones in a southeastern U.S. Piedmont watershed

Quantifying the spatial variability of species-specific tree transpiration across hillslopes is important for estimating watershed-scale evapotranspiration (ET) and predicting spatial drought effects on vegetation. The objectives of this study are to (1) assess sap flux density (J_s) and tree-level transpiration (T_s) across three contrasting zones a (riparian buffer, mid-hillslope and upland-hillslope, (2) determine how species-specific J_s responds to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and (3) estimate watershed-level transpiration (T_w) using T_s derived from each zone. During 2015 and 2016, we measured J_s in eight tree species in the three topographic zones in a small 12-ha forested watershed in the Piedmont region of central North Carolina. In the dry year of 2015, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) J_s rates were significantly higher in the riparian buffer when compared to the other two zones. In contrast, J_s rates in tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and red maple (Acer rubrum) were significantly lower in the buffer than in the mid-hillslope. Daily T_s varied by zone and ranged from 10 to 93 L/day in the dry year and from 9 to 122 L/day in the wet year (2016). J_s responded nonlinearly to VPD in all species and zones. Annual T_w was 447, 377 and 340 mm based on scaled-J_s data for the buffer, mid-hillslope and upland-hillslope, respectively. We conclude that large spatial variability in J_s and scaled T_w was driven by differences in soil moisture at each zone and forest composition. Consequently, spatial heterogeneity of vegetation and soil moisture must be considered when accurately quantifying watershed level ET.     

多层球状物角度稀疏投影CT重建仿真研究

本文主要针对高密度差多层球状物体的角度稀疏投影CT重建问题,进行基于FBP算法的仿真研究。参考特殊工件材料结构特征设计建立检测对象模型,采用C++语言开发完成平行束圆周扫描FBP重建仿真软件平台。分别采用直接补零和紧邻填充两种方法补全缺失的稀疏投影数据,并进行仿真重建和比较分析。对重建图像进行了有针对性地基于边缘和区域的增强处理方法研究,使缺陷特征得以凸显。本文的研究内容和方法可为具有类似特征的CT无损检测提供技术参考。     

Altimetry-derived ocean thermal structure reconstruction for the Bay of Bengal cyclone season

Ocean Dynamics - The ocean thermal structure (OTS) is a significant element that affects tropical cyclone (TC) intensities, as energy drawn from the ocean fuels TCs. Satellite altimetry can be used...     

呼和浩特国家基本站现址与拟迁新址观测资料对比分析

随着社会的发展气象站受城镇化的影响越来越大,选择一个有气象观测代表性的拟迁站址已经是现在位于城市或现有观测环境保护不好的气象站面临的一个重要问题,文章以呼和浩特国家基本站为例,探讨现址与拟选站址观测数据的对比分析,为拟迁气象站的观测资料分析提供一个思路和方法。