南极半岛东北海域表层沉积有机质来源及其沉积环境

采用气相色谱-质谱技术对南极半岛东北海域海底表层沉积物的总有机碳、有机质碳同位素(δ13 Corg)和生物标志化合物等进行了测试分析。研究区表层沉积物总有机碳TOC平均值高于现代深海沉积物中的平均含量。δ13 Corg的变化说明该海域有机碳来源呈海洋水生生物来源和陆源混合的特征。正构烷烃的峰型分布、主峰碳、饱和烃轻重比C-21/C+22和(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)、甾烷组合和藿烷组合证实研究区西部表层沉积物有机质来源以陆源高等植物为主,其陆源可能来自于附近的南极半岛和南舍得兰群岛;研究区东部表层沉积物有机质来源偏以海源为主,且以低等浮游生物、藻类及细菌生物等海源输入为主。碳优势指数(Carbon preference index,CPI)、奇偶优势指数(Odd-even Predominance,OEP)和甾烷C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)比值显示研究区D1-7站位和D5-9沉积物有机质演化程度较高,D5-2和D2-4站位的有机质演化程度低,其他站位介于中间状态。饱和烃中姥鲛烷、植烷及其比值(Pr/Ph)等组合显示研究区西部以氧化-弱还原的沉积环境为主,其可能是受高温低盐别林斯高晋海水流和附近火山喷发的影响所致;研究区东部以还原—强还原沉积环境为主,可能是受低温高盐的威德尔底层水(WSBW)和威德尔海深层水(WSDW)影响所致。     

Tropical Cyclone Energy Dispersion and Possible Self Maintenance Mechanism of the Synoptic Scale Wave Trains

The interaction between tropical cyclone (TC) and the large-scale mean flows such as the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is investigated using a three-dimensional primitive equation model. Once a TC develops in the vicinity of the ITCZ region where satisfies both barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, the southeastward energy dispersion from the TC may disturb the ITCZ and thus help its breakdown. Cumulus convection can be organized in the region of cyclonic circulation, and the interaction between convective heating and the perturbation circulation may enhance the development of the waves, leading to the generation of a new tropical cyclone to the east. While the TC moves to the high latitude, the ITCZ will reform. Though repeating of this process, a synoptic-scale wave train oriented in the northwest-southeast direction can be generated and self-maintained. The results suggest that the mutual interaction among the low-frequency background flow, wave train pattern and TCs provides a possible mechanism for the origin of the summer synoptic scale wave train pattern over the western North Pacific.     

A multi-proxy reconstruction of spatial and temporal variations in Asian summer temperatures over the last millennium

To investigate climate variability in Asia during the last millennium, the spatial and temporal evolution of summer (June–July–August; JJA) temperature in eastern and south-central Asia is reconstructed using multi-proxy records and the regularized expectation maximization (RegEM) algorithm with truncated total least squares (TTLS), under a point-by-point regression (PPR) framework. The temperature index reconstructions show that the late 20th century was the warmest period in Asia over the past millennium. The temperature field reconstructions illustrate that temperatures in central, eastern, and southern China during the 11th and 13th centuries, and in western Asia during the 12th century, were significantly higher than those in other regions, and comparable to levels in the 20th century. Except for the most recent warming, all identified warm events showed distinct regional expressions and none were uniform over the entire reconstruction area. The main finding of the study is that spatial temperature patterns have, on centennial time-scales, varied greatly over the last millennium. Moreover, seven climate model simulations, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), over the same region of Asia, are all consistent with the temperature index reconstruction at the 99 % confidence level. Only spatial temperature patterns extracted as the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) from the GISS-E2-R and MPI-ESM-P model simulations are significant and consistent with the temperature field reconstruction over the past millennium in Asia at the 90 % confidence level. This indicates that both the reconstruction and the simulations depict the temporal climate variability well over the past millennium. However, the spatial simulation or reconstruction capability of climate variability over the past millennium could be still limited. For reconstruction, some grid points do not pass validation tests and reveal the need for more proxies with high temporal resolution, accurate dating, and sensitive temperature signals, especially in central Asia and before AD 1400.     

Synergistic contribution of precipitation anomalies over northwestern India and the South China Sea to high temperature over the Yangtze River Valley

This study explores the characteristics of high temperature anomalies over eastern China and associated influencing factors using observations and model outputs. Results show that more long-duration (over 8 days) high temperature events occur over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) than over the surrounding regions, and control most of the interannual variation of summer mean temperature in situ. The synergistic effect of summer precipitation over the South China Sea (SCS) region (18°-27°N, 115°-124°E) and the northwestern India and Arabian Sea (IAS) region (18°-27°N, 60°-80°E) contributes more significantly to the variation of summer YRV temperature, relative to the respective SCS or IAS precipitation anomaly. More precipitation (enhanced condensational heating) over the SCS region strengthens the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and simultaneously weakens the westerly trough over the east coast of Asia, and accordingly results in associated high temperature anomalies over the YRV region through stimulating an East Asia-Pacific (EAP) pattern. More precipitation over the IAS region further adjusts the variations of the WPSH and westerly trough, and eventually reinforces high temperature anomalies over the YRV region. Furthermore, the condensational heating related to more IAS precipitation can adjust upper-tropospheric easterly anomalies over the YRV region by exciting a circumglobal teleconnection, inducing cold horizontal temperature advection and related anomalous descent, which is also conducive to the YRV high temperature anomalies. The reproduction of the above association in the model results indicates that the above results can be explained both statistically and dynamically.     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)foxl2基因功能初探及相关miRNA分析

foxl2在脊椎动物卵巢分化、发育和功能维持等方面具有重要作用,然而其在三疣梭子蟹(Por-tunus trituberculatus)卵巢发育中的功能尚不明确.本研究首先克隆了三疣梭子蟹foxl2(Ptfoxl2)基因cDNA全长序列,该基因5′和3′非编码区域(UTR)长度分别为701?bp和211?bp,开放阅读...     

Fractal kinetic characteristics for dissolving and leaching processes of strontium residue

The pore structural characteristics of strontium residue were studied with the N₂ adsorption method (ASAP2010). The kinetic properties concerning dissolving and leaching strontium waste were described by determining the concentrations of Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺ and soluble sulphides in solutions. The results showed that the specific surface area and pore volume increased with decreasing granule diameter, and the micropore surface of the residue was fractal. In the dissolving and leaching processes of strontium residue, soluble ion concentrations increased with decreasing granule diameter of the residue, and the reaction dimension was lower than the fractal dimension of pore surface. Sr²⁺ and soluble sulphide concentrations significantly exceeded the defined standard values, while Ba²⁺ concentrations did not, either in the dissolving or leaching solutions. In addition, dissolving and leaching reactions selectively occurred on the micropore surface of strontium residue.     

深熔作用岩相学标志的实验研究

深熔岩石的岩相学特征是鉴别岩石是否经历了深熔作用改造的直接证据,作者以闪长岩作为实验样品,进行了初级、中级、高级三种级别的熔融实验,获得了不同熔融程度条件下的岩相学特征。具体表现为:初级熔融阶段,岩石中的含水矿物发育熔融港湾结构;中级熔融阶段,矿物中发育熔蚀乳滴结构和熔蚀穿切(细脉)结构;高级熔融阶段,主要发育熔蚀残余结构。这些结构对于岩石是否遭受了深熔作用的改造以及改造程度的界定具有一定的参考意义。     

双翼弧平式长螺旋锚杆成孔钻具工艺技术研究

通过对以往黏性土层锚杆钻具成孔出现的问题分析,查明了常规取芯钻具与短螺旋钻具在水平方向小角度成孔过程中,土体失去了原始均衡应力造成钻孔缩径,使扰土不能及时输出孔外,是产生堵孔塌孔的直接原因.为此研制了长螺旋锚杆成孔钻具,解决了成孔时扰土输出问题,创新的旋板解决了钻孔内壁土颗粒结构松弛问题,并且彻底解决了在黏性土层中锚杆成孔塌堵现象,保证锚杆成孔设计角度,形成一套较为标准的长螺旋锚杆钻具成孔操作规则.     

上海地区滩涂土地整治改良方法探讨

介绍了土地整治改良的方法、上海地区滩涂资源的特点和改良思路,认为上海地区滩涂土地的改良除了固化、脱盐外,还应综合多种措施提高土地的品质。