九寨沟自然保护区喀斯特研究的旅游业意义

本文从地学角度和游客态度调查两个方面阐述了喀斯特作用及其相关地貌景观在九寨沟旅游业中的地位,强调对九寨沟自然保护区进行喀斯特研究,不仅有利于旅游资源的科学鉴定、分类、评价、开发、保护与管理,而且对于当地旅游资源的深层开发、实现九寨沟旅游的持续发展,有一定的经济价值。      

航空工业组团阎良片区土动力学参数统计分析

基于航空工业组团阎良片区地震小区划项目中大量动三轴试验结果,通过双曲线拟合方法,得到主要土类（黄土状土、粉质粘土、粉土、细砂）在8个典型剪应变（0.000005、0.00001、0.00005、0.0001、0.0005、0.001、0.005、0.01）下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比统计值,并将得到的统计值与廖振鹏给出的建议值、陈党民等给出的典型值和袁晓铭等给出的推荐值进行比较,进一步论证土动力学参数的地域性特征。文中还探讨了土样埋深和取样手段（试样等级）对动剪切模量比和阻尼比的影响。文中给出的统计值可为该片区地震小区划中的土层地震反应模型提供参数,同时也为研究该片区场地土动力特性及重大工程地震安全性评价工作提供参考和借鉴。     

Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi Carlintype gold district(Southwest Guizhou,China) and their geological implications

The newly discovered Baogudi gold district is located in the southwestern Guizhou Province,China,where there are numerous Carlin-type gold deposits.To better understand the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi gold district,we carried out petrographic observations,elemental analyses,and fluid inclusion and isotopic composition studies.We also compared the results with those of typical Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou.Three mineralization stages,namely,the sedimentation diagenesis,hydrothermal(main-ore and late-ore substages),and supergene stages,were identified based on field and petrographic observations.The main-ore and late-ore stages correspond to Au and Sb mineralization,respectively,which are similar to typical Carlin-type mineralization.The mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that a significant amount of Au,As,Sb,Hg,Tl,Mo,and S were added to mineralized rocks during the main-ore stage.Remarkably,arsenic,Sb,and S were added to the mineralized rocks during the late-ore stage.Element migration indicates that the sulfidation process was responsible for ore formation.Four types of fluid inclusions were identified in ore-related quartz and fluorite.The main-ore stage fluids are characterized by an H2O–NaCl–CO2–CH4±N2system,with medium to low temperatures(180–260℃)and low salinity(0–9.08%NaCl equivalent).The late-ore stage fluids featured H2O–NaCl±CO2±CH4,with low temperature(120–200℃)and low salinity(0–7.48%Na Cl equivalent).The temperature,salinity,and CO2and CH4concentrations of ore-forming fluids decreased from the main-ore stage to the late-ore stage.The calculated δ^13C,d D,and δ^18O values of the ore-forming fluids range from-14.3 to-7.0%,-76 to-55.7%,and 4.5–15.0%,respectively.Late-ore-stage stibnite had δ^34S values ranging from-0.6 to 1.9%.These stable isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids originated mainly from deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids,with minor contributions from strata.Collectively,the Baogudi metallogenic district has geological and geochemical characteristics that are typical of Carlin-type gold deposits in southwest Guizhou.It is likely that the Baogudi gold district,together with other Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou,was formed in response to a single widespread metallogenic event.     

日本Mw9.0强震的高频GPS形变波特征初探

利用高频GPS数据长基线双差精密定位技术,获取2011年3月日本Mw9.0强震近场和远场GPS连续参考站的瞬时动态形变。分析表明：距震源较近的IGS站（USUD）的同震动态形变水平方向幅度超过60 cm,震后水平形变达到30 cm;位于远场的GPS连续参考站（JLYJ）的动态形变,清晰地给出了地震面波引起的地表形变波形。对JLYJ站的谱分析表明,地震面波引起的动态形变周期为10～17 s,并出现了两次峰值,东西向和垂向上的动态位移量远大于北南向,说明JLYJ站的形变主要由Rayleigh波及其谐波所主导,Rayleigh波的传播速度为3.5 km/s,波长约50 km。     

Review of Chinese atmospheric science research over the past 70 years: Synoptic meteorology

Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface during a short period of time.The spatial distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere can be represented by a variety of transient weather phenomena,which are caused by weather systems of different spatial and temporal scales.Weather is closely related to people's life,and its development and evolution have always been the focus of atmospheric scientific research and operation.The development of synoptic meteorology is closely related to the development of observation systems,dynamical theories and numerical models.In China,observation networks have been built since the early 1950 s.Up to now,a comprehensive meteorological observation systembased on ground,air and space has been established.In particular,the development of a new generation of dense radar networks,the development of the Fengyun satellite series and the implementation of a series of large field experiments have brought our understanding of weather from large-scale environment to thermal dynamics,cloud microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of meso and micro-scale weather systems.The development of observation has also promoted the development of theory,numerical model and simulation.In the early days,China mainly used foreign numerical models.Lately,China has developed numerical model systems with independent intellectual property rights.Based on the results of high-resolution numerical simulations,in-depth understanding of the initiation and evolution mechanism and predictability of weather at different scales has been obtained.Synoptic meteorology has gradually changed from an initially independent development to a multidisciplinary approach,and the interaction between weather and the change of climate and environment has become a hot and frontier topic in atmospheric science.This paper reviews the important scientific and technological achievements made in China over the past 70 years in the fields of synoptic meteorology based on the literatures in China and abroad,from six aspects respectively including atmospheric dynamics,synoptic-scale weather,typhoon and tropical weather,severe convective weather,numerical weather prediction and data assimilation,weather and climate,atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment.     

Analysis on the Characteristics of the Kalpin MS5.3 Earthquake Sequence of December 1, 2013 and Anomalies before the Earthquake

This paper introduces the basic parameters, focal mechanism solutions and earthquake sequence characteristics of the Kalpin M_S5.3 earthquake sequence of December 1, 2013, and analyzed seismic activity before the earthquake, the adjacent tectonic features and the precursory anomaly at fixed points within a range of 200km. Research indicates:(1) The earthquake occurred on Kalpin fault, the source rupture type is thrust faulting with sinistral strike-slip component. (2) The earthquake sequence is mainshock-aftershock type, with the aftershock distribution attenuating quickly and trending NE. (3) Abnormal seismic activity before the earthquake was characterized by seismically nesting quiescence of M_S2.0-4.0 earthquakes, seismic quiescence of M_S4.0 earthquakes and seismic belts of M_S3.0 earthquakes in the Kalpin block, abnormal enhancement zone of moderate earthquakes on Puchang fault and seismological parameters. (4) Anomalies of precursory observation data at fixed stations are mainly characterized by mutation. Apart from the borehole tiltmeter in Halajun, the spatial distribution of other abnormal precursors showed a phenomenon of migration from the near field to far field and from the epicenter to the peripheries.     

X-ray Emissions of Fermi Blazarstwo

The X-ray emissions of blazars are located at the end of synchrotron radiation and the beginning of inverse Compton radiation. Therefore, the origin of the X-ray emissions is rather complex. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of blazars from radio to X-ray bands can be fitted approximatively by a parabolic function. If we consider approximately the fitting curves as the physical spectra of blazars to analyze the X-ray emissions of Fermi blazars, the results show that: (1) The X-ray emissions of blazars contain two components, i.e. the synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton radiation, which can be simply separated by these fitting curves; (2) the higher the synchrotron peak frequency of the source, the greater the synchrotron radiation component, and the less the inverse Compton radiation component; (3) at 1 keV of the X-ray waveband, the synchrotron radiation component accounts for 17%, 27%, and 73% of the total X-ray emission, for FSRQs (Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars), LBLs (Low synchrotron peak frequency BL Lac objects), and HBLs (High synchrotron peak frequency BL Lac objects), respectively; (4) there is a strong positive correlation between the synchrotron peak frequency and the synchrotron radiation flux density at 1 keV, while no correlation exists between the synchrotron peak frequency and the inverse Compton radiation flux density; (5) the radiation mechanism of LBLs may be similar to that of FSRQs in the X-ray waveband.     

Deformation characteristics of fine-grained soil under cyclic loading with intermittence

Acta Geotechnica - Since there is an interval time between two trains traveling in the same direction on an automatically blocked line, the dynamic loading on the railway subgrade is composed of...     

Implications of diurnal variations in land surface temperature to data assimilation using MODIS LST data

Based on the Beijing Climate Center's land surface model BCC_AVIM(Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model), the ensemble Kalman filter(En KF) algorithm has been used to perform an assimilation experiment on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) land surface temperature(LST) product to study the influence of satellite LST data frequencies on surface temperature data assimilations. The assimilation results have been independently tested and evaluated by Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS) LST products. The results show that the assimilation scheme can effectively reduce the BCC_AVIM model simulation bias and the assimilation results reflect more reasonable spatial and temporal distributions. Diurnal variation information in the observation data has a significant effect on the assimilation results. Assimilating LST data that contain diurnal variation information can further improve the accuracy of the assimilation analysis. Overall, when assimilation is performed using observation data at 6-hour intervals, a relatively good assimilation result can be obtained, indicated by smaller bias(2.2 K) and root-mean-square-error(RMSE)(3.7 K) and correlation coefficients larger than 0.60. Conversely, the assimilation using 24-hour data generally showed larger bias(2.2 K) and RMSE(4 K). Further analysis showed that the sensitivity of assimilation effect to diurnal variations in LST varies with time and space. The assimilation using observations with a time interval of 3 hours has the smallest bias in Oceania and Africa(both1 K); the use of 24-hour interval observation data for assimilation produces the smallest bias(2.2 K) in March, April and July.     

地方院校师范生教材分析能力评价与现状分析——以地理科学专业为例

教材分析能力是师范生专业技能之一,文章选取教材分析能力指标,采用专家打分法构建评价量表,通过对某地方院校地理专业师范生实训报告的诊断,揭示师范生教材分析能力现状,发现存在以下问题:课标解读缺乏深度,忽视其对教学的指导作用;对教材重难点把握不准,分析缺乏依据;对教材知识内在逻辑与外部联系分析不到位,欠缺对教材学科思想方法的分析意识与能力;对教材表述结构及教学意图的分析较为薄弱。