滇西北石鼓杂岩中花岗质片麻岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

青藏高原东南缘滇西北前寒武纪石鼓变质杂岩中新识别出一套花岗质片麻岩.采用LA-ICP-MS方法进行锆石U-Pb年代学分析,获得206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄分别为790±11 Ma(MSWD=2.1,n=10)和814±15 Ma(MSWD=5.7,n=9),显示其形成于新元古代早期.地球化学特征显示,岩石具有高硅(SiO2=66.05％～77.16％)、高 K2O/Na2O(0.90～9.26,均值2.57)特征,MgO=0.35％～3.60％,TFeO=1.02％～4.86％,P2O5=0.03％～0.17％.铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.08～2.51,矿物组合中出现石榴子石和白云母等富铝矿物,CIPW标准矿物中刚玉分子平均含量为4.72％,显示为强过铝质花岗岩.球粒陨石标准化稀土配分显示轻稀土元素富集,(La/Yb)N=1.79～12.34,具明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.21～0.67).原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示,岩石富集Rb、U,明显亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti元素.综合分析认为,花岗质片麻岩原岩主要为低成熟度、黏土贫乏的砂质岩在高温条件下部分熔融的产物,形成于后碰撞构造环境,是Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件在滇西北石鼓地区的响应.     

长江下游仪征河段汊道分流属性及航道滩槽演变机制

长江下游仪征河段处于枯季潮流界的上边界,揭示其汊道分流属性及滩槽联动演变机制,对河势控制工程及深水航道工程实践具有重要意义.本研究收集了1955—2021年水文泥沙及地形等资料,在汊道分流关系及调整成因上:世业洲右汊的分流属性为枯水倾向型汊道,即低流量时期分流比大于高流量时期;1959—2021年期间,世业洲右汊分流比经历了“稳定-下降-上升”的调整过程,上游河段滩槽格局调整及流域来沙减少引起的汊道间不均衡冲刷是分流关系调整的主因;流域流量过程调整、河道崩岸等综合影响引起1959—2017年期间世业洲右汊分流比为减小态势,航道工程实施起到了调控汊道关系的功能,世业洲右汊分流比为增加态势.在滩槽联动演变关系上:仪征河段进口段以展宽为主,世业洲左汊展宽程度大于右汊,左汊河床形态变化与进口段滩槽形态的一致性关系优于右汊,即上游进口段滩槽演变、流域来沙量减少等综合作用会加速了左汊发展;2015年南京以下12.5 m深水航道二期工程建设以来,工程区域淤积且洲体完整性增强,且深槽冲刷及河槽容积增大,表明航道工程已实现汊道分流关系及滩槽调控的功能.     

内蒙古典型草原和草甸草原相对花粉产量重估

相对花粉产量（RPP）是利用地层花粉数据定量重建古植被的重要参数,但目前估算的不同地区同一植物类型的RPP多存在差异。为了解植被盖度计算方法对花粉产量的影响,本项研究利用卫星影像数字化重新计算了内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原和乌拉盖草甸草原采样点周边100 m以外的植被数据,利用ERV模型重新估算了主要花粉类型的RPP,并运用景观重建算法（LRA）进行了检验。锡林郭勒典型草原ERV模型分析显示,ERV子模型1结合1/d距离加权法与植被-花粉数据拟合度最高,得到的相关花粉源范围（RSAP）为1470 m;以蒿属为参照种（RPP=1±0）,各科属RPP依次为藜科（0.53±0.03）、十字花科（0.17±0.01）、唐松草属（0.14±0.02）、菊科（0.09±0.01）、莎草科（0.08±0.006）、委陵菜属（0.07±0.01）、禾本科（0.050±0.003）。乌拉盖草甸草原ERV模型分析显示,ERV子模型1结合Prentice距离加权法与植被-花粉数据拟合度最高,得到的RSAP为770 m;以蒿属为参照种（RPP=1±0）,各科属RPP依次为藜科（5.85±0.58）、蓼科（5.27±0.37）、石竹科（5.15±0.47）、莎草科（4.16±0.13）、菊科（1.63±0.09）、百合科（0.49±0.08）、唇形科（0.38±0.06）、禾本科（0.200±0.004）。重估的RSAP和RPP均与首次估算时存在差异,表明植被盖度计算方法确实会影响RSAP和RPP。景观重建算法对RPP检验结果表明,卫星影像数字化估算的RPP重建的植被盖度与实际植被的相关性更高。

     

An approach to determination of phenolic compounds in seawater using SPME-GC-MS based on SWCNTs coating

Phenolic compounds have become one kind of the important pollutants of the marine environment. Single-walled Carbon nanotubes, as one-dimensional nano materials, have light weight and perfect hexagonal structure of connections, with many unusual mechanical, chemical and electrical properties. In recent years, with the research of carbon nanotubes and other nano materials, the application prospect is also constantly discussed. In this paper, homemade single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) coating was used for establishing an analytical approach to the determination of five kinds of phenolic compounds in seawater using SPME-GC-MS. Optimal conditions: After saturation was conducted with Na Cl, and p H was adjusted to 2.0 with H_2SO_4, the extract was immersed in a water bath at 40 for GC℃-MS determination through 40-min agitating extraction at 500 rmin~(-1) and 3-min desorption at 280℃. The liniearities ranged between 0.01-100 μg L~(-1), and the determination limits ranged between 1.5-10 ngL~(-1). The relative standard deviation(RSD, n = 5) was less than 6.5%. For the phenolic compounds obtained from the spiked recovery test for actual seawater samples, the rates of recovery were 87.5%-101.7%, and the RSDs were less than 8.8%, which met the requirements of determination. Due to its simplicity, high efficiency and low consumption, this approach is suitable for the analysis of trace amounts of phenolic compounds in marine waters.     

气象科学“内卷”了吗?

新中国气象科学经过70年的快速发展,已经触摸到了世界前沿。从20世纪中叶开始的长时间“跟跑”和中国具有世界上最高、尺度最大的地形等带来的气象预报复杂性问题,或许在21世纪20年代到来时,“内卷”带来的挑战会更严峻:在全球气象进入“准停滞期”等待突破时,我们还很少有领跑的机会和经验。     

Position-domain integrity risk-based ambiguity validation for the integer bootstrap estimator

Integrity monitoring for ambiguity resolution is of significance for utilizing the high-precision carrier phase differential positioning for safety–critical navigational applications. The integer bootstrap estimator can provide an analytical probability density function, which enables the precise evaluation of the integrity risk for ambiguity validation. In order to monitor the effect of unknown ambiguity bias on the integer bootstrap estimator, the position-domain integrity risk of the integer bootstrapped baseline is evaluated under the complete failure modes by using the worst-case protection principle. Furthermore, a partial ambiguity resolution method is developed in order to satisfy the predefined integrity risk requirement. Static and kinematic experiments are carried out to test the proposed method by comparing with the traditional ratio test method and the protection level-based method. The static experimental result has shown that the proposed method can achieve a significant global availability improvement by 51% at most. The kinematic result reveals that the proposed method obtains the best balance between the positioning accuracy and the continuity performance.     

Numerical characterization of slope rock mass through considerations of hydraulic and mechanical properties

Landslides - In this paper, the slope rock mass is numerically characterized by considering hydraulic and mechanical properties using two distinct element models. The flow rate and permeability are...     

China’s national carbon emissions trading scheme: lessons from the pilot emission trading schemes,academic literature,and known policy details

Upon completion, China’s national emissions trading scheme (C-ETS) will be the largest carbon market in the world. Recent research has evaluated China’s seven pilot ETSs launched from 2013 on, and academic literature on design aspects of the C-ETS abounds. Yet little is known about the specific details of the upcoming C-ETS. This article combines currently understood details of China’s national carbon market with lessons learned in the pilot schemes as well as from the academic literature. Our review follows the taxonomy of Emissions Trading in Practice: A Handbook on Design and Implementation (Partnership for Market Readiness & International Carbon Action Partnership. (2016). Retrieved from www.worldbank.org): The 10 categories are: scope, cap, distribution of allowances, use of offsets, temporal flexibility, price predictability, compliance and oversight, stakeholder engagement and capacity building, linking, implementation and improvements.

Key policy insights

• Accurate emissions data is paramount for both design and implementation, and its availability dictates the scope of the C-ETS.

• The stakeholder consultative process is critical for effective design, and China is able to build on its extensive experience through the pilot ETSs.

• Current policies and positions on intensity targets and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) credits constrain the market design of the C-ETS.

• Most critical is the nature of the cap. The currently discussed rate-based cap with ex post adjustment is risky. Instead, an absolute, mass-based emissions cap coupled with the conditional use of permits would allow China to maintain flexibility in the carbon market while ensuring a limit on CO₂ emissions.

     

基于特征点匹配及提纯的点云配准算法

针对传统的基于ICP点云配准算法配准时间长、收敛慢、需要较好初始配准等限制,本文利用现有的点云特征提取算法和描述算法,提取并匹配点云中的特征点,用RANSAC算法结合坐标转换模型剔除误匹配点对,用匹配点对在两点云中的坐标计算之间的坐标转换参数,从而实现点云的配准。相比ICP类算法,提高了点云配准的效率,同时提高了点云配准的自动化程度。     

Grey relational analysis on the relation between marine environmental factors and oxidation-reduction potential

The effects of marine environmental factors-temperature(T),dissolved oxygen(DO),salinity(S) and pH-on the oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) of natural seawater were studied in laboratory.The results show an indistinct relationship between these four factors and the ORP,but they did impact the ORP.Common mathematical methods were not applicable for describing the relationship.Therefore,a grey relational analysis(GRA) method was developed.The degrees of correlation were calculated according to GRA and the va...