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Community structure and seasonal variation of soil arthropods in the forest-steppe ecotone of the mountainous region in Northern Hebei,China

Soil fauna have been receiving more and more attention because they play an important role in nutrient cycling. However, there is a lack of information on soil arthropods in the forest-steppe ecotone in the mountainous region of northern Hebei, which makes it difficult to meet the need of protecting biodiversity in this area. Soil arthropod communities were investigated in the forest-steppe ecotone in northern Hebei province to provide basic information on changes in mountain soil fertility, which could promote the development of soil arthropod communities in mountain ecotones. From the preliminary identification, a total of 7994 individual soil arthropods were collected, which belonged to 25 groups, 6 classes and 24 orders. Acarina, Hymenoptera and Collembola were the dominant groups in the ecotone. The number of Acarina was higher than Collembola, and this phenomenon was obviously different from other areas in the same climate zone. The increased abundance of rare groups in the Forest zone with the richer vegetation, higher arthropod abundance and more substantial litter depth, could be interpreted as a reaction to the suitable soil environment and food supply. And these rare groups were sensitive to environmental changes, which could be regarded as biotic indicators for evaluating soil quality. The analysis of community diversity showed that the abundance index (d), the Shannon-Wiener index (H′), the evenness index (J) and the density-group index (DG) were significantly higher in the forest zone, lower in the forest-steppe zone, and lowest in the meadow-steppe zone. Seasonal variations in community composition correlated with changes in average air temperature and precipitation in this ecotone. Groups and individuals of soil arthropod communities in the three zones were present in greater numbers in the middle of the rainy season than in the early or late periods of the rainy season as a whole. At the same time, seasonal changes in soil arthropod communities from different plots were also influenced by habitat condition.     

Effects of Earth's curvature and radial heterogeneity in dislocation studies:Case studies of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2004 Sumatra earthquake

Recently,effects of Earth's curvature and radial heterogeneity on coseismic deformations are often investigated based on the 2004 Sumatra earthquake.However,such effects are strongly related to earthquake types.As a low dip angle event,the 2004 Sumatra earthquake is not a good seismic case for such a topic since the effects for moderate dip angle events are much bigger.In this study,the half-space and spherical dislocation theories are used,respectively,to calculate coseismic displacements caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2004 Sumatra earthquake.Effects of Earth's curvature and stratification are investigated through the discrepancies of results calculated using the two dislocation theories.Results show that the effects of Earth's curvature and stratification for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are much larger than those for the 2004 Sumatra earthquake.Ignoring the effects will cause errors up to 100%-200% in far field displacements for a moderate dip angle event like the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Such great effects are much bigger than those conclusions of previous studies.Besides,comparison with observations verifies that spherical dislocation theories yield better results than half-space ones in far fields.     

Spatio-temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation events during 1951–2011 in Shandong,China and possible connection to the large scale atmospheric circulation

Analyses of the spatio-temporal variability of precipitation extremes defined by eleven extreme precipitation indices in Shandong were conducted by utilizing the methods of linear regression, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Mann–Kendall test. The results revealed that statistically significant decreasing trends existed for almost all extreme precipitation indices except for the consecutive dry days (CDD) and simple daily intensity index. A periodicity of 10–15 years for precipitation extremes is detected by EEMD analysis. Greatest 5-day total rainfall (RX5day), very wet days (R95p) and annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT) experienced decreasing trends in the region stretching from the southeast coast to the west, while the spatial distribution of the decreasing trends for other indices was more complicated. Moreover, the frequency of occurrence in precipitation extremes at Changdao station, surrounded by the sea in the northeast region, increased in contrast to surrounding stations. This may suggest a possible effect from the local marine environment on extreme precipitation. In addition, the stations with statistically significant positive trends for CDD were mainly located in mid-west Shandong and along the southeast coast, where the extreme precipitation and total rainfall were, on the contrary, characterized by decreasing trends. These results indicate that drought or severe drought events have become more frequent in those regions. Analysis of large-scale atmospheric circulation changes indicates that a strengthening anticyclonic circulation and increasing geopotential height as well as decreasing strength of monsoonal flow in recent decades may have contributed to the variations in extreme precipitation in Shandong.     

A new model for analyzing nonlinear torsion behavior of concrete filled steel tube columns with rectangular section

An experimental study on concrete filled steel tube columns with rectangular section subjected to compressionflexure-torsion combined action has been carried out. The failure modes and load-deformation hysteretic relations were obtained. Based on the principles of classical material mechanics, the relations between the torsion curvature of the section and the shear strain of the fiber on the section were established. Then the strain distribution on the rectangular section of concrete filled steel tube columns subjected to torsion was analyzed. The three-dimensional refined finite element model was also built, in order to make the precision verification. The matrix forms of the relation between the torsion curvature of the section and the shear strain of the fiber on the section were derived, and introduced into the fiber beam model considering nonlinear torsion effect on the section. The comparison between test results and calculation results showed that the fiber beam model considering nonlinear torsion effect had high modeling efficiency and solution precision for predicting the torsion behavior of concrete filled steel tube columns with rectangular sections, and was suitable for analyzing the dynamic response of various structures subjected to the combined cyclic load caused by the earthquake load.     

地震监测数据三维交互式实时显示系统的开发

随着中国地震局"十五"网络项目的完成,云南省测震台网的日常地震监测工作都基于网络数据库系统,而现有的数据显示系统未与数据库系统有效结合。本文结合"十五"中国数字地震观测网络项目数据库系统,运用三维数据可视化、交互式图形界面技术开发了可实时显示三维地震监测数据信息的软件系统,改变了原有显示系统实时性、可操作性差和无法显示地震数据三维空间信息及时空变化关系的状况。     

Diet breadth and mortality patterns from Laoya Cave: A primary profile of MIS 3/2 hunting strategies in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,southwest China

Laoya Cave is a long-term occupation site of Late Paleolithic humans in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwest China, where abundant lithic, bone materials were recovered. Dating by the AMS technique showed a significant depositional process during marine isotope stage (MIS) 3/2. In this study, the species spectrum was presented from the perspective of zooarchaeology and the mortality profile of large Cervidae was examined to help increase our understanding of the subsistence strategy of local people dealing with climate and environmental changes. The main part of the diet was focused on large Cervidae, and the dominance of Ungulates indicates effective management of the cave and local fauna. On the other hand, the mortality profiles of large Cervidae varied correspondingly with climate change. The evidence indicates a specialized hunting strategy that was also flexible, depending on the prevailing climate and environment.     

分量应变和体应变可靠性检验及特殊事件影响对比分析

对泰安台不同类型钻孔应变仪的产出资料进行研究,分析分量应变仪的自检可靠性及其与体应变资料的相关性,以及在抽水干扰情况下的相关性。RZB-3仪两组互相正交的分量应变之和S1+S3、S2+S4的自检相关性达到0.999 9,其与体应变的相关性达到0.998以上。但在抽水干扰情况下,S1+S3、S2+S4自检相关性及与体应变的相关性均较差。     

河南省安濮鹤三市人口集中问题研究

在推进城镇化和工业化过程中,人口有效集中一直是一个战略性问题.2008年以来,河南省通过建设产业集聚区,积极探索促进人口集中的具体途径和方法.系统调研了河南省安阳、濮阳、鹤壁三市产业集聚区建设所引发的人口集中的主要做法:积极拓展城镇发展空间,促进和扩大就业,提升人口承载能力,不断完善社会保障体系.分析了人口集中效应,指出了人口集中存在的问题,提出了促进人口科学集中的对策:持续提升认识,促进人口集中;持续建设产业集聚区,支撑人口集中;持续推进新型城镇化,引导人口有序集中.     

牡丹江地震台形变数据快速转换软件

采用VB6.0编制形变数据快速转换软件,可以将epd格式的形变数据转换成Mapsis所要求的格式,便于研究人员使用.牡丹江地震台形变数据快速转换软件已在牡丹江地震台调试通过,使用效果较好,便于推广应用.