Numerical study on transient harbor oscillations induced by successive solitary waves

Tsunamis are traveling waves which are characterized by long wavelengths and large amplitudes close to the shore. Due to the transformation of tsunamis, undular bores have been frequently observed in the coastal zone and can be viewed as a sequence of solitary waves with different wave heights and different separation distances among them. In this article, transient harbor oscillations induced by incident successive solitary waves are first investigated. The transient oscillations are simulated by a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model, FUNWAVE-TVD. The incident successive solitary waves include double solitary waves and triple solitary waves. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of different waveform parameters of the incident successive solitary waves on the relative wave energy distribution inside the harbor. These wave parameters include the incident wave height, the relative separation distance between adjacent crests, and the number of elementary solitary waves in the incident wave train. The relative separation distance between adjacent crests is defined as the ratio of the distance between adjacent crests in the incident wave train to the effective wavelength of the single solitary wave. Maximum oscillations inside the harbor excited by various incident waves are also discussed. For comparison, the transient oscillation excited by the single solitary wave is also considered. The harbor used in this paper is assumed to be long and narrow and has constant depth; the free surface movement inside the harbor is essentially one-dimensional. This study reveals that, for the given harbor and for the variation ranges of all the waveform parameters of the incident successive solitary waves studied in this paper, the larger incident wave heights and the smaller number of elementary solitary waves in the incident tsunami lead to a more uniform relative wave energy distribution inside the harbor. For the successive solitary waves, the larger relative separation distance between adjacent crests can cause more obvious fluctuations of the relative wave energy distribution over different resonant modes. When the wave height of the elementary solitary wave in the successive solitary waves equals to that of the single solitary wave and the relative separation distance between adjacent crests is equal to or greater than 0.6, the maximum oscillation inside the harbor induced by the successive solitary waves is almost identical to that excited by the single solitary wave.     

基于12322平台的江苏省地震应急灾情速报系统的设计与应用

通过分析地震应急救援工作中对灾情信息的需求,提出了“地震应急灾情”的概念,设计了基于12322平台的江苏省地震应急灾情速报系统。本文详细介绍了该系统的设计框架、基本功能和应用效果。系统主要包括短信和微信两大模块,短信模块主要面向非地震系统人员,通过手机短信形式向社会灾情速报员发送灾情邀请短信,灾情速报员只需简单回复灾情代码“1”—“4”即可。微信模块主要面向地震系统工作人员,通过微信企业号“苏震12322”自动推送地震信息并完成灾情收集工作。经过近1年的试运行,系统能够在震后迅速完成灾情信息的收发与数据处理工作,并以“天地图”为地理底图实时直观地展示已上报的灾情信息。     

近断层速度脉冲与震源机制的关系浅析

本文初步分析了近断层速度脉冲的成因和特点,主要包括方向性效应与滑冲效应,并通过中国台湾集集地震的脉冲记录,分析了断层破裂方向和位移大小等震源参数对脉冲强度的影响。此外,基于有限移动源理论,说明了断层辐射与速度脉冲分布的关系,并探讨了利用运动学震源模型研究近断层地震动对速度脉冲影响的技术路线;评述了7种典型的等效速度脉冲模型,建议进一步研究等效速度脉冲函数与震源机制之间的关系。最后,简述了不同类型的断层引起速度脉冲的差异,并推测了产生脉冲型地震动的下限条件,同时展望该研究在地震预警方面的可能性。     

黄海沉积物标准物质研制

报道了中国黄海海洋标准物质的研制过程,其中包括样品的采集、制备,均匀性检验、稳定性考察以及定值分析方法,并对数据进行了数理统计,给出了标准物质的定值数据。最后确定标准值45个,参考值8个,信息值11个,共计测定元素64个。     

四川彭州市灯杆坡滑坡变形特征及稳定性分析

作者等对"5.12"汶川地震诱发的彭州市灯杆坡大型堆积体滑坡的变形破坏特征、滑坡的过程机制及震后稳定性进行了较系统的研究。滑坡变形可分为三个区,Ⅰ区为主变形区,Ⅱ和Ⅲ区为Ⅰ区后缘开裂诱发的向两侧的塌陷;滑坡Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区为推移式滑坡,Ⅲ区为牵引式滑坡,主滑Ⅰ区为沿基覆界面的推移式滑移,后缘开裂下错,中前部挤胀开裂;降雨和地震因素对滑坡稳定性影响较大,暴雨和地震情况下滑坡体处于欠稳定到不稳定状态,其中Ⅰ区中前部存在较严重的局部稳定性问题。     

近30年青藏高原年平均0cm地温的分布和变化特征

选取青藏高原40个测站1970～2002年各月平均0cm地温资料，通过EOF、二阶多项式函数和小波分析等方法，对青藏高原年平均0cm地温的时空分布特征进行了研究。结果表明，青藏高原年平均0cm地温EOF展开的第一特征向量反映了高原地温分布的一致性，而第二、三特征向量分别揭示了高原地温分布受到各种中、小尺度天气系统和海拔高度制约的事实。高原地温空间异常可分为4个气候区，即东北部、南部、主体和西部。高原地温各分区代表站的二阶多项式反映出近30年高原东北部地温呈降温趋势；南部呈增温趋势；高原主体和西部具有高一低一高的抛物线型变化趋势。高原地温各分区皆有3a和准7a的振荡周期。     

SP—2305气相色谱仪在地震预报中的应用

本文对监测地下深部气体组分含量变化,在地震预报中的作用作了论述,对开展天山地震带气体地震前兆研究的条件和SP—2305色谱仪观测条件的选择作了分析,最后,对气体测量在地震预报中的效应进行了探讨。     

Determination of land degradation causes in Tongyu County,Northeast China via land cover change detection

Tongyu County in Northeast China is highly prone to land degradation due to its fragile physical settings characterized by a flat topography, a semi-arid climate, and a shallow groundwater table. This study aims to determine the causes of land degradation through detecting the long-term trend of land cover changes. Degraded lands were mapped from satellite images recorded in 1992 and 2002. These land cover maps revealed that the area subject to land degradation in the form of soil salinization, waterlogging and desertification increased from 2400 to 4214 km², in sharp contrast to most severely degraded land that decreased by 122.5 km². Newly degraded land stems from productive farmland (263 km²), harvested farmland (551 km²), and grassland (468 km²). Therefore, the worsened degradation situation is attributed to excessive reclamation of grassland for farming, over cultivation, overgrazing, and deforestation. Mechanical, biological, ecological and engineering means should be adopted to rehabilitate the degraded land.     

基于MODIS数据的2002～2006年中国陆地NPP分析

对2002～2006年MODIS数据进行处理,统计得出5 a间全国年均陆地植被净初级生产力(NPP)为1.5 PgC;5 a全国NPP组成分析显示,NPP绝大部分集中在0～300 gC/m2区间,所占比例约为70%～85%;全国大部分地区年NPP呈现出减少的趋势,受城市扩张、新增工业用地等人类活动影响显著。     

一条巨大的地震活动带（东北深震区－渤海－川滇－缅甸中深震区）的存在

本文研究了东北深震、缅甸中深震、渤海周围地震及川滇地震在活动进程中的关系。在地域分布上彼此相连。并呈以北东向斜贯中国东部浑然为有机整体巨大的地震带。同时还研究了东北深震与华北东部的渤海周围地震以及缅甸中深震与川滇地震活动的相关性和前兆性。指出了这些特点，对华北东部地震和川滇地震的预测是十分有意义的。文章在最后还讨论了太平洋、印度、欧亚三大板块的相互作用可能是巨大地震带形成的主要条件和产生变动的重要的动力因素。