湖北省潮汐形变观测异常及干扰识别

对2003—2013年湖北省数字化定点形变潮汐观测中的突跳、阶变、震颤等异常的分析发现,气象因素对形变潮汐观测的影响复杂:1)不同气压场控制影响形变观测的异常形态不同,但响应频率一致;2)台风对形变观测的秒值和分钟值数据在1～4秒和2～4分钟较高频段均有响应;3)台址条件不同,降雨对形变观测产生的畸变影响不同。影响范围一般在0～全日波频段且存在较大的噪声;4)短时大气温度变化对形变观测有一定影响,会使曲线发生抖动或暂态波动,在64～128分钟和128～256分钟较低频段上有响应。水库冲沙、水库蓄水、土石开挖等环境荷载变化对分钟值观测曲线产生明显阶跃、抖动型实时畸变。人员进洞、施工、仪器标定检修等人为活动对观测曲线的影响可直接识别。     

腾格里沙漠东南缘4种灌木的生物量预测模型

灌木生物量模型是预测灌木生物量最有效的方法。选择腾格里沙漠南缘荒漠生态系统中常见的4种灌木（驼绒藜(Ceratoides latens)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)、珍珠猪毛菜(Salsola passerina)、红砂(Reaumuria soongarica)）为研究对象,以株高（H）和冠幅（C）的复合因子灌木体积（V）为自变量,通过回归分析,分别构建了4种灌木和混合物种的叶、新生枝、老龄枝、地上部分、地下部分和整株生物量的预测模型。通过决定系数（R2）、估计值的标准误（SEE）和回归检验显著水平（p＜0.05）筛选出了最优的生物量估测模型。结果显示:4种灌木的生物量模型主要以幂函数W=aVb为最优模型,少数以三次函数W=a+bV+cV2+dV3为最优模型。灌木生物量与V之间呈极显著的相关关系（p＜0.001）,决定系数较高,分别为:叶片（0.775＜R2＜0.866）,新生枝（0.694＜R2＜0.840）,老龄枝（0.819＜R2＜0.916）,地上部（0.832＜R2＜0.917）,地下部分（0.74＜R2＜0.808）,全株（0.811＜R2＜0.912）,说明预测模型可以应用于此4种灌木的生物量估算。不同物种之间及不同器官之间的生物量模型存在差异,在实际使用中,要根据物种来选择相应的模型。生物量模型的建立有助于全面估算荒漠生态系统的生物量,并进一步评估生态系统不同碳库的碳存储量与碳循环。为有效提高荒漠草地碳储量、合理实施生态系统管理和人为干预提供科学依据。     

河北沿海海侵灾害初探

文中以包含海进、海岸侵蚀和海水入侵的广义“海侵”概念,论述河北沿海地区海侵现状及其危害,探讨海侵产生的自然原因和人为活动的影响,在此基础上,评估海侵发展趋势。     

应用遥感数据研究中国植被生态系统与气候的关系

应用1982-1994年NOAA/AVHRR的归一化植被指数（NDVI）资料和587个气象台站的数据对我国不同类型植被生态系统和气候的关系进行研究，首先将我国的植被类型划分为21类，在此基础上分别研究了不同时间尺度下我国不同区域，不同植被类型和气候的关系。结果表明：在多年平均状态下，植被生态系统NDVI水平主要受水分条件的影响；年内变化上，温度对植被生态系统季相变化化起着比降水略大的作用，年降水量造成了植被季相响应的差异，在年际变化上，分别研究了4个季节和整个生长期尺度上的关系，一般情形为温度和降水对植被的年际波动起着大致相反的作用，不同植被类型在不同的生长时期（季节）对气候的变化响应方式也不同，发现在植被的生长期，我国南方和北方的植被生态系统对温度和降水的响应方式相反；同时存在2个植被-气候敏感区，分别为我国北方的典型草原到森林的过渡区和云南中部部分区域。     

The evolution of the z distribution of normal neutron stars in the Galaxy

Under the two initial 1‐D one parameter velocity distribution forms (one is normal, the other is exponential), the z direction scale height evolution of normal neutron stars in the Galaxy is studied by numerical simulation. We do statistics for the cases at different time segments, also do statistics for the cumulative cases made of each time segment. The results show in the cumulative cases the evolution curves of the scale heights are smoother than in the each time segment, i.e., the cumulation improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Certainly the evolution cases are different at different Galactic disk locations, which also have very large difference from the average cases in the whole disk. In the initial stages of z evolution of normal neutron stars, after the beginning transient states, the cumulative scale heights increase linearly with time, and the cumulative scale height increasing rates have linear relationship with the initial velocity distribution parameters, which have larger fluctuation in the vicinity of the Sun than in the whole disk. We utilize the linear relationship of the cumulative scale height increasing rates vs. the initial velocity distribution parameters in the vicinity of the Sun to make comparison with the observation near the Sun. The results show if there is no magnetic decay, then the deserved initial velocity parameters are obvious lower than the present well known results from some authors; whereas if introducing magnetic decay, for the 1‐D normal case we can make consistence among concerning results using magnetic decay time values which are supported by some authors, while for the 1‐D exponential case the results show the lackness of young pulsar samples in the larger z in the vicinity of the Sun (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

马鞍山的古冰川地貌

马鞍山是四川盆地西南边缘第一高山。此山存在第四纪冰川地貌。它是我国东部一处典型的古冰川地貌，时代属末次冰期与新冰期。     

玉龙铜（钼）矿带多霞松多岩体成因：锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学约束

玉龙铜(钼)矿带的成因机制和动力学背景一直存在争议。本文选择目前研究程度较低的多霞松多岩体, 对该岩体含矿斑岩开展岩相学、年代学、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素分析。研究表明, 多霞松多岩体主要由二长花岗斑岩和碱长花岗斑岩组成, 其中, 二长花岗斑岩的主要造岩矿物为钾长石、斜长石和石英, 碱长花岗斑岩的主要造岩矿物为钾长石和石英。两种岩石属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄质侵入岩, 具有富碱高钾的特征; 亏损Nb、Ti等高场强元素, 富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和Pb; 稀土元素含量较高(ΣREE=145.04×10^-6~290.91×10^-6), 富集轻稀土(LREE/HREE=6~37)。铕表现为从二长花岗斑岩的弱负异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.66~0.84)到碱长花岗斑岩的中等负异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.35~0.39)。锆石U-Pb定年显示, 二长花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为38.3±0.6 Ma, 碱长花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为37.8±1.0 Ma, 两者形成时代基本一致, 均属于喜马拉雅期, 表明在多霞松多地区始新世存在一期重要的岩浆热液Cu-Mo成矿事件。多霞松多含矿斑岩的锆石ε_Hf(t)范围在+1.3~+2.6之间。结合元素和同位素地球化学特征, 指示多霞松多含矿斑岩可能来源于亏损地幔分异的新生玄武质下地壳, 受控于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞诱发的金沙江走滑断裂系统。

     

Effects of grazing and climate change on species diversity in sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, China

To understand the effects of animal grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland vegetation in northern China, a field grazing and protected enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 through 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that (1) the grazing was primary responsible for changes of the vegetation richness and diversity in the grazing grassland and that changing climate was the main reason for changes in the species richness and diversity in the grassland protected from grazing; (2) light and moderate grazing can promote restoration of the richness and the diversity in the degraded grassland, and heavy grazing could result in a decrease of the richness and diversity; (3) heavy grazing can result in significant decrease of the perennial diversity, and moderate and light grazing promotes increase of the perennial diversity; the grazing, whether heavy or moderate and light grazing, was beneficial to increase of the annual diversity; (4) heavy grazing was not beneficial to diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceae, and moderate and light grazing was favorable the diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae; (5) the warm-humid climate was favorable to increase of the richness and the diversity, and the warm-drought climate could result in decease of the richness and the diversity; (6) increased precipitation was favorable to perennial diversity and the diversity of Graminean, Leguminosae, and Compositae, and decreased precipitation had few effects on the annual diversity and Chenopodiaceae diversity.     

长江三角洲地区农业可持续发展的问题与对策

随着农地制度的改革、农业投入以及技术创新活动的加强,长江三角洲地区的农业现代化建设取得了较快发展,但从长远来看,影响和制约农业发展的问题非常严骏。文章主要从土地资源合理利用角度分析对农业可持续发展的影响。基于日趋严峻的人地矛盾和快速发展的市场经济条件,阐述了农业可持续发展对策;加强宏观调控和对资源开发利用保护的监督,坚持优质高效,从市场需求出发开发利用资源,建立高效地利用土地资源机制,面向国内国际     

基于B/S的土地利用总体规划信息系统研究

探讨建立基于B/S(浏览器/服务器)模式的土地利用总体规划信息系统。对系统的功能和系统实现的几个关键技术进行了详细说明,包括数据库连接技术、MSchart控件的使用、SQL语句查询的算法设计。此系统是一种基于Internet技术的信息系统[3],用户可以通过浏览器来浏览和查询网络上的土地信息。