浙西南早元古代花岗质岩石的年代

用单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ稀释法获得的浙西南前寒武纪变质基底中花岗质岩石的年龄为：下际二长花岗岩１９７５±８０Ｍａ，里庄二长花岗岩１８７０±３６Ｍａ，田后花岗闪长岩１８３２±８０Ｍａ，三枝树混合岩１９６３±４４Ｍａ。这些年龄数据证实本区基底岩石在１８７５±１００Ｍａ时期经历了一次广泛强烈的岩浆热事件，表明八都群（麻源群）岩石的形成应早于２．０Ｇａ。三枝树地区“鹤溪群”中混合岩年龄为１８６３±４４Ｍａ，斜长角闪岩全岩矿物Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄为２０７１±４８Ｍａ，表明景宁三枝树地区变质岩的时代应为早元古代，并非原来所属“鹤溪群”划归的晚古生代，这套变质岩可能是浙闽变质基底的一部分。     

两种贯通潜孔锤反循环钻头应用效果及理论分析

对于矿区钻孔作业存在的粉尘污染严重、岩矿心采取困难等问题,常规金刚石钻进取心难以满足现场施工要求。采用贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取心技术替代常规金刚石取心工艺,在保证了较高钻进效率的同时,可有效解决干旱缺水矿区存在的取心及其引起的污染问题,保障施工人员的身体健康。为此,笔者所在课题组研发了两种新型潜孔锤反循环钻头并进行了野外试验,同时,运用LSDYNA数值模拟对设计的两种反循环钻头进行了强度分析。试验结果表明,两种钻头均具有较好的碎岩钻进效果,但花键内喷孔式反循环钻头易发生断裂;数值模拟分析结果显示,钻头的最大应力远高于材料疲劳极限是造成钻头破坏的根本原因,数值模拟结果与试验结果取得了较好的一致性。由此证实了花键内喷孔式反循环钻头结构存在缺陷,设计时应尽量避免在内喷孔周围设置环槽,以保证钻头体强度。     

基于小波变换的北京地区1724～2009年降水量多尺度分析

基于小波分析方法,对1724~2009年北京气象站年降水量序列的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,北京地区年降水量在其计算时域内各时间尺度分布不均匀,具有明显的局部化特征;其中,19~23a的时间尺度,震荡中心分别在1889年和1979年;35~37a左右的时间尺度主要发生在1920~1928年、1950~1960年和1983~1991年;83~87a的时间尺度在整个计算时域上均有发生,1769~1859年间表现明显。分析结果显示北京地区年降水量具有21a、35a和86a左右的主周期,其中86a左右的周期振荡最强,为第一主周期。计算的趋势表明,未来10余年北京仍属于降水偏少的时期。     

广西都庞岭地区锡矿床锡石主要、微量及稀土元素的组成特点及赋存状态

对都庞岭地区石英脉型、云英岩型锡矿中锡石主要,微量及稀土元素的研究表明:①锡石中SnO_2与W、Fe_2O_3、Nb、Ta呈显著负相关,与Mn、In,As、REE呈不显著负相关,与Sb无相关;②稀土元素总体分馏不强,主要表现为LREE,尤其是HREE的富集与Eu的相对贫化;③在锡石中W、Mn、Nb、Ta、In、REE类质同象替代Sn,Sc,Fe~(3+)、As也可能以类质同象形式存在,Sb可能以其它形式存在;④与石英脉中锡石相比,云英岩中锡石富REE、Fe_2O_3、W、Mn、Nb、Ta、Sc、In,贫As、Sb,其δEu值和LREE/HREE、Nb/Ta比值较低;⑤锡石的微量元素含量、比值及稀土配分参数可作为找矿标志,并指示隐伏矿床类型。     

Changes of the pore distribution of silty clay under the subway train loads

Vibrations induced by the passage of subway trains are a major concern in urban areas. These vibrations can cause annoyance to people. Meanwhile, they can cause the settlement of tunnels by loading on the structured soft soil around the tunnel. It is known that the engineering behaviors of soft soil are determined by its microstructure. Therefore, the changes of pore distribution under characteristic dynamic loads were studied in this paper through a series of dynamic triaxial tests and mercury intrusion porosimeter tests. It is worth mentioning that the low-order fundamental frequency should be paid more attention to the similar research. Under the dynamic loads, the silty clay and mucky silty clay samples were all compacted. The volume of large pores (pore radius >400 nm) significantly decreased, while the volume of medium and small pores (pore radius <400 nm) increased due to the transformation of large pores. The changes of pore distribution can be well reflected by the fractal dimensions in thermodynamic model.     

三万年来南沙海区古环境重建:生物标志物定量与单体碳同位素研究

17962钻孔沉积物提供了南沙海区3万年来古气候、古环境变化的高分辨沉积记录。通过对314个柱状样沉积物进行有机分析，提取了相关的古环境信息，揭示出南沙海区末次冰期的古海洋环境及古气候是不稳定的，水生生物来源的生物标志物沉积通量在冰期出现了较大的波动，H3时出现了海洋生产力增大事件；陆源指标如高碳类脂物的沉积通量，既反映了陆源物对南沙海区海洋沉积的贡献，又揭示了造成末次冰期南沙海区陆源物质增高的古气候事件。高碳正烷烃、长链脂肪醇、长链脂肪酸的单体化合物碳同位素δ^13C值:—34．2‰-—28．6‰、—35．8‰-—26．6‰、—31．8‰-—27．1‰都显示其陆源C3植物输入的特征，末次冰期的普遍的干旱化在这一地区并不存在。这些化合物的堆积速率在H3都出现了极大值，反映出在南海海平面降低，巽它陆架出露背景下这一时期丰富的季风降雨导致河流洪水泛滥，从而引起南沙海区输入的陆源营养元素增多，海洋表层生产力增高。     

浅议矿业权市场

我国矿业权市场机制正在逐步形成,各种矿业公司不断涌现。矿业权流转形式多样、矿业中介市场初步建立,矿业技术服务市场活跃。江西矿产资源丰富而潜力大,为建设富有活力的矿业权市场提供了坚实的物质基础。强化矿业权市场管理,培育中介机构规范市场行为,加强地勘成果管理和资源信息沟通,深化地勘工作管理体制改革,矿业权转进一步市场化,以科技为动力开发优势矿产,培育委发展矿业权市场势在必行。     

Geological Characteristics and Genesis of Wulonggou Gold Deposit and Evaluation of Gold Metallogenic Potential in East Kunlun

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水体中痕量挥发性有机物单体碳同位素组成的固相微萃取-冷阱预富集GC-IRMS分析

单体碳同位素分析是进行污染物来源判识与过程示踪的有力工具 ,然而有机污染物浓度低、难以萃取富集 ,极大地限制了该技术的广泛应用 .采用固相微萃取 -冷阱富集GC -IRMS技术对水中痕量挥发性有机物进行了单体碳稳定同位素分析 ,样品经SPME萃取富集后在色谱进样口冷冻成形 ,样品多次进样得以累积从而满足了检测限的要求 .本方法检出限较目前文献所报道的SPME方法提高了 1个数量级 .在优化的条件下 ,对低浓度的三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、苯以及甲苯的水溶液进行了单体碳同位素组成测定 ,测定结果与纯液相中的同位素值相比 ,同位素分析误差不超过 0 .5× 10 -3 ,而分析的精度达到± 0 .3× 10 -3 .固相微萃取 -冷阱富集可以提供高效准确的单体碳同位素分析 ,该方法适用于水体中痕量挥发性有机污染物的同位素组成测定 .     

Sedimentary record of black carbon in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent northern South China Sea

The concentrations of black carbon (BC) and δ¹³C_BC were determined in sediments of three dated cores from the Pearl River estuary (core PR-3) and adjacent northern South China Sea (cores SS-30, E2). For comparison, the total organic C (TOC) contents and δ¹³C_TOC in the sediments were also measured. Relatively higher concentrations and fluxes of BC were found in sedimentary core PR-3, taken in the Pearl River estuary. The BC concentration profiles or fluxes correlated well with fossil-fuel usage in the Pearl River Delta. Maximum BC fluxes occurred in the late 1970s to early 1980s as recorded in core PR-3, and in the 1950s (core SS-30), reflecting the maximum BC emission in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong region, respectively. After the 1980s, a rapid decrease of BC fluxes and a light δ¹³C_BC excursion were presumably due to improvements in combustion and pollution-control technologies and a shift of energy structure from biomass and coal to a mixture of coal, gas, oil and biomass. The fossil BC that contributed to total BC in core PR-3 increased from 20–30% to 70–80% during the last five decades. The study also shows that BC correlates well with terrestrial organic matter and that the ratio of BC to TOC is a good pollution indicator in relation to anthropogenic activities.