A simple guideline to apply excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) for the characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in anoxic marine sediments

Marine sediments represent a major carbon reservoir on Earth. Dissolved organic matter(DOM) in pore waters accumulates products and intermediates of carbon cycling in sediments. The application of excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy(EEMs) in the analysis of subseafloor DOM samples is largely unexplored due to the redoxsensitive matrix of anoxic pore water. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the interference caused by the matrix on EEMs and propose a guideline to prepare pore water sam...     

珠江澳门河口沉积物柱样品正构烷烃研究

报道了珠江澳门河口沉积物柱芯榈中正构烷烃的浓度和分布类型,并通过因子分析方法对正构烷烃的来源加以初步探讨。沉积物柱芯样品于１９９７年３月采自珠江澳门河口区,沉积年龄以＾２１０Ｐｂ法稳恒初始放射性模式（ＣＡ模式）测定。样品中的有机污染物以二氯甲烷／丙酮混合溶剂索氏提取后,正构烷烃组分以ＧＣ／ＭＳＤ定量分析测定。研究结果表明,该现代沉积物桩芯样品沉积时间约历时４０ａ,桩芯样品中正构烷烃的含量范围为０．     

6kaB.P.东亚区域气候模拟及其变化机制探讨

中全新世是地质历史上最近的温暖时期。文章利用包含较详细陆面过程的区域气候模式,通过分别加入现代植被和根据花粉化石资料转化的东亚地区古植被,模拟了6kaB.P.东亚季风气候,并研究了植被变化对东亚气候的影响。由区域气候模拟得到的较高分辨率的气候演变图像表明6kaB.P.太阳辐射季节循环增大,高纬度地区积雪、海冰减少,极地海洋升温,导致冬季大陆冷高压减弱,使中国冬季温度降低幅度大大减小。模拟中加入恢复的古植被造成地表反照率减小,使得冬季进一步升温,这不但突破了PMIP众多模拟的东亚6kaB.P.冬季降温的局限,而且使模拟温度变化的季节特征与古地质资料更为吻合。中全新世东亚大陆全年升温导致东亚夏季风强盛、冬季风减弱;降水及有效降水增加,降水带向西、向北扩张。与PMIP模拟相比,由于模式分辨率的提高,该工作模拟出了中国东部区域性降水增加的特征并得到了较为精细的气候变化空间分布。     

Prevalence and risk assessment of antibiotics in riverine estuarine waters of Larut and Sangga Besar River,Perak

Antibiotics released into the environment through anthropogenic activities exert selective pressure,driving bacteria towards increasing antimicrobial resistance.The prevalence of antibiotics and the ecological risks posed in the riverine estuarine of Larut River and Sangga Besar River,which included wastewater effl uents from hospital,zoo,and poultry slaughterhouse sources were investigated.Solid phase extraction(SPE)followed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass chromatography(HPLC-MS/MS)were used to extract and quantify the antibiotic residues from 22 antibiotics belonging to six major antibiotic classes(sulfonamide,macrolide,fl uoroquinolone,phenicol,trimethoprim,and tetracycline).Sixteen antibiotic residues were detected with concentrations ranging from limit of detection(LOD)to 1262.3 ng/L.Fluoroquinolones and macrolides were the most frequently detected compounds.Erythromycin,clarithromycin,and ofl oxacin detected in hospital and zoo effl uents posed a high risk to algae while tetracycline had low to medium ecological risks toward all the relevant organisms from aquatic environments(algae,invertebrate Daphnia magna,and fi sh).     

雷州半岛东岸地下水化学要素变化以及海水入侵特征

对位于雷州半岛东岸的测井进行小潮、大潮期取样测试,对数据进行整理分析。结果显示,化学要素含量及变化特征随潮期、测井位置而变化,J1测井具有离子含量高,变化幅度小,J2测井则具有含量相对要低,但变化剧烈的特征,与测井所处地质环境有关;Na+、Cl-为主导成分,要素平均含量序列遵循良好的指数率,J2测井HCO3-含量比J1测井要高,要素之间的相关性也明显要好;J1测井潮周期氯化物水质均为V类,J2测井为III～V类,Cl-、Br-、溶解性固体总量海水入侵等级均为IV等级,J2测井为I～IV等级,结合其它指标均表明地下水海水入侵明显。     

聚类分析法在地质样品分类中的应用研究

概述聚类分析及原理,通过题示内容的研究,包括测试样品,标准化数据,分类,获得适宜的样品聚类分析方法及建立了方法软件。该研究实验表明,采用聚类分析法对地质样品进行分类,效果较好。为开展Ｘ荧光定量分析及建立模式识别专家系统奠定了基础。     

GPS技术在山东省大地测量中的应用

全球定位系统(Global Positioning System-GPS)是美国国防部于20世纪70年代初开始设计、研制并于1993年底建成的军民两用卫星导航定位系统.它的建立不仅使导航技术和定位技术产生了根本变革,且对空间技术、军事、地学研究、交通运输等诸多领域及社会生活的各个方面都产生了重大影响.GPS技术在测量领域中的应用,使平面控制测量手段进入到一个崭新的时代.     

黄土高原地区城郊型侵蚀环境及其调控

文章阐述了黄土高原地区城市发现现状、城郊型侵蚀环境的概念与组成,分析了城郊型侵蚀环境具有脆弱性、组成要素复杂、人为影响强烈、环境变化具有节律性、阶段性、变性等特点、并提出了调控城郊侵蚀环境的指导思想、依据和主要措施,以及平原型、丘陵山地河谷型、矿区型和过渡型等四种调控模式。e     

A Statistical Study of Rhessi Flares

A statistical analysis of RHESSI X-ray flares in the 12–25 keV band during the period from February 2002 to June 2005 is presented. We found that a power-law with an index of 1.80± 0.02 can fit well the frequency distribution of the peak count rates. This power-law does not change significantly with time. However, the frequency distribution of the flare durations cannot be fitted well by a single power-law. There is a weak correlation between the peak count rates and the characteristic times like rise times, decay times, or durations. But the correlation between the rise times and decay times seems to be strong. We discuss the results obtained and compare them with previous works. The frequency distribution of rise times for the sub-group events with a similar magnitude of peak count rates is also shown. In particular, we propose a new parameter R _a , the growth factor of the count rate, defined as the peak count rate divided by the rise time, to reflect the characteristics of the rising phases of flares. The distribution of R _a is shown and discussed.