An Electronic Chart Display and Information System

This article introduces the most advanced form of electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS) which complies with the performance standards for ECDIS established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). It also describes the key features and the important functions of ECDIS, which we developed. This system is different from the productions developed by C-map, Seven-cs, offshore, and others. It is more suitable for China Marine Safety Administration Bureau to manage the navigation marks real-time. Using this system charts were located and accessed rapidly, and displayed smoothly. This article also discusses in ECDIS application system how to dynamically access and desert charts data in a limited memory (limited computer memory and resource). We constructed a tridimensional structure to manage a large amount of charts data. Vertically, according to the scale range, all charts were divided into eight levels, and a data structure called as “Multiple Scale Quad-tree” was constructed. And horizontally, a grid (every unit has a fixed size) was given to a certain scale level. We call this data structure a “Regular Page.” We explore the implementation of such a structure on the worldwide charts management utilizing quad-trees. Then we discuss the future development of ECDIS and its application system in marine agencies in China.     

2014年于田MS7.3级地震近场地表运动和同震位移的初步分析结果

基于2014年于田Ms7.3级地震周边地区的GPS连续观测站数据,得到了此次地震的近场地表运动和同震位移,分析了此次地震的地壳形变特征.结果表明,此次地震引起的地表运动显著,GPS记录到的最大位移振幅远超过最终的同震位移,其中距离震中约60km的XJYT站记录到了西向74.7mm和北向39.9mm的最大位移振幅,同震位移为西向20.0mm和北向9.8mm.2008年于田Ms7.3级地震在一定程度上触发了此次地震.     

通用气象业务电子化考试系统的设计技术

针对传统纸质考试和常规无纸化考试系统在气象业务应用中存在的一些不足,提出了一种基于Excel电子表格系统的通用气象业务电子化考试平台方案。系统采用嵌入式VBA语言进行模块化程序设计,具备标准无纸化考试系统的绝大部分功能,实际应用表明具有低成本、易维护、适用性强等优点,有较好的推广应用前景。文章详细介绍了该平台的概念模型设计及其主要功能模块的实现,并分析了模块研发过程中需要注意的问题和系统进一步扩展完善的思路。     

青莲岗遗址孢粉及硅藻记录的古环境变化历史

废黄河南岸的青莲岗遗址是江淮东部重要的新石器遗址,了解其古环境背景变化对于认识该遗址的发展具有重要意义。通过对青莲岗遗址考古地层的AMS 14C年代、孢粉和硅藻的综合分析,探讨了海水对该遗址的影响及水环境的变化。研究结果表明,生土层堆积后期(5.9 cal.kaB.P.以前),孢粉中莎草科占绝对优势,伴生蒿和藜科,硅藻组合中半咸水属种为优势种,海水种破碎壳体较多,可能为水动力较强的滨海盐沼环境。新石器文化层堆积期(5.9~4.8 cal.ka B.P.),硅藻属种中半咸水种减少,淡水底栖附生种为主要优势种,海水种硅藻破碎壳体的个数快速下降,表明此时环境逐渐稳定,海水或半咸水的影响减弱,适宜新石器先民的生产和生活。孢粉中水生、湿生草本和大型禾本科花粉增加,表明浅水水域面积增大,稻作农业开始出现。历史和近代时期(4.8 cal.ka B.P.以来),大型禾本科花粉急剧降低,表明稻作活动基本不存在。此时,硅藻中海水种和海水种破碎壳体有所增加,表明受到海水一定程度的影响,水动力再次加强,可能与海水倒灌或古黄河的泛滥有关。     

阳原台石英水平摆倾斜仪数字化改造

2003年10月由张家口中心地震台和中国地震局地球物理研究所地震仪器厂,共同对阳原台SQ-70型石英摆倾斜仪进行了数字化改造。改造后的仪器,经过6个月的运行,目前,该仪器运行良好,产出资料稳定、可靠、精度高。     

The earliest Jurassic A-type granite in the Nanling Range of southeastern South China: petrogenesis and geological implications

The tectonic transition from the palaeo-Tethyan to palaeo-Pacific dynamic domains in the South China Block (SCB) is still a matter of debate. The A-type granites collected from the southeastern SCB offered an opportunity to illustrate this tectonic transition. This article records a set of petrographic, geochronological, and geochemical data for the Wengong granitic pluton from the eastern Nanling Range. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating shows a crystallization age of 196.9 ± 4.4 Ma with ε_Hf(t) values ranging from +2.1 to +7.7. The samples have high SiO₂, Zr+Nb+Ce+Y, FeOt/MgO, Ga/Al, and Y/Nb and are depleted in Nb–Ta, Zr–Hf, Ba, Sr, Ti, and Eu, similar to those of the A₂-type granite. Their initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios range from 0.70885 to 0.70983 and the ε_Nd(t) values range from ?2.9 to ?1.1, close to those of the Early Palaeozoic mafic rocks in the southeastern SCB. The Wengong A₂-type granite was derived from partial melting of the mafic rocks underplated into the lower crust during the Early Palaeozoic.

The Mesozoic A-type granites in the southeastern SCB can be subdivided into 229–215 Ma (Late Triassic), 197–152 Ma (Jurassic), and 135–92 Ma (Cretaceous). They differ in geochemical and spatial distribution characteristics. The Late Triassic A-type granites were formed in the post-collision extensional setting associated with the palaeo-Tethyan dynamic domain, whereas the Cretaceous A-type granites were under the control of the palaeo-Pacific dynamic domain. The A-type granites were hardly exposed during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. The Jurassic A-type granites were formed in the intra-plate extensional setting, a response to the tectonic transition from the palaeo-Tethyan to palaeo-Pacific dynamic domains. Thus, the occurrence of the Wengong A₂-type granite indicates that this tectonic transition possibly initiated at the earliest Early Jurassic.     

城市地理信息系统空间基础数据建设探讨

本文通过分析城市地理信息系统基础数据的主要组成、基础数据的数据特性和数据结构，提出了常用数据格式(如DGN、DXF等)到ARC／INFO数据格式转换、入库的技术实现路线，为GIS基础数据的生产、更新雏护和应用提供了一种方法和思路。     

Assessing groundwater vulnerability and its inconsistency with groundwater quality,based on a modified DRASTIC model: a case study in Chaoyang District of Beijing City

Depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone media, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer (DRASTIC) model based on a geographic information system (GIS) is the most widely adopted model for the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability. However, the model had its own disadvantages in various aspects. In this work, several methods and the technologies have been introduced to improve on the traditional model. The type of the aquifer was replaced by the thickness of the aquifer, and the index of topography was removed. The indexes of the exploitation of the groundwater and the type of land use that reflected the special vulnerability were added to the system. Furthermore, considering the wideness of the study area, the fixed weights in the DRASTIC model were not suitable. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and an entropy weight (Ew) method were introduced to calculate the weights of parameters. Then, the Spearman Rho correlation coefficients between IVI and the Nemerow synthetical pollution index (NI) of the groundwater quality were significantly improved, after the four steps of modification. The level differences with little gaps between Nemerow comprehensive pollution indexes and groundwater vulnerability occupied the proportion of the area from 75.68 to 84.04%, and finally, a single-parameter sensitivity analysis for the two models was used to compute the effective weights of these parameters. By comparison, the DRMSICEL model seems to perform better than the DRASTIC model in the study area. And the results show discrepancies between the vulnerability indices and groundwater quality as indicated by existence of vulnerable areas with bad water quality and vice versa.     

应用CRInSAR技术监测三峡库区滑坡形变

在对CRInSAR技术的基本理论和处理算法及实际应用进行研究的基础上,比较CRInSAR技术与传统InSAR技术的异同后认为,CRInSAR技术更适合三峡库区的滑坡监测。     

神经网络在石油测井解释中的应用综述

常规测井解释往往通过"四性关系"研究建立储层参数解释模型,将测井信息转化成地质参数开展储层评价,但对于复杂岩性储层、低渗低阻等储层而言,将测井信息转化为储层参数及利用测井曲线开展储层评价往往存在多解性.作为一种非线性数学方法,神经网络具有多信息融合、综合预测的功能,在解决一些复杂、非线性问题领域展示了强大的生命力.将神经网络引入石油测井解释中,综合利用多种测井信息开展岩性、物性及含油性分析,可有效提高石油测井解释的精度和效率;利用神经网络技术开展流体性质识别和储层裂缝研究可有效破解此类世界性难题.为此,本文对神经网络技术在石油测井解释中的应用进行了综述,并对应用中应注意的事项进行分析,最后进行了应用展望.