Antibacterial activity of extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zostera marina</Emphasis> against pathogens of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis> skin ulceration disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of extracts from Zostera marina against the pathogens of Apostichopus japonicus skin ulceration disease. When 95% ethanol (v/v) solvent was used to extract Zostera marina at 50°C, aqueous extract (ZA) showed obvious bacteriostatic effects on the tested bacterial strains (inhibition halo diameters between 8.23 mm and 13.62 mm), whereas the ethyl acetate extract (ZE) was almost inactive. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZA against four pathogens were homogeneous at 12.8 g L⁻¹. ZA components were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay and six fractions were obtained. In another study, the six fractions showed inhibitory effects against the tested bacteria while their functions seemed to counteract the ZA activity.     

深圳大鹏半岛中生代火山岩地质地貌特征——以大鹏半岛国家地质公园为例

以大鹏半岛国家地质公园为调查对象,通过野外重点地质路线观察测制火山地层剖面,结合卫星遥感图像解译,进行锆石同位素激光定年测试及微量元素LA-ICP-MS分析、火山岩石显微镜薄片鉴定、岩石主量元素分析和微量元素ICP-MS分析,结果发现:该区火山活动的分带明显受区域性北东向及北西向断裂构造所控制,公园内中生代火山岩相基本为陆相喷发,岩石基本分为酸性及中酸性两类,多属钙碱性岩,部分为弱碱性岩。新发现七娘山火山穹丘、三角山-大燕顶火山穹丘,雷公打石山峰、鸡公秃等12处火山锥,摇摆石等6个火山柱及鸡公秃火山锥南西侧的火山针,大燕顶古火山口等火山机构。特征火山岩方面,有隐爆火山集块(角砾)岩、崩积火山集块岩、基浪堆积层-"火山-沉积碎屑岩"。公园内古火山地貌景观有一级地貌景观点3处、二级5处、三级7处。认为该区中生代以来,至少经历过3期5次火山喷发活动,反映了库拉-太平洋板块与欧亚大陆板块相互作用的动力过程及我国东南沿海浙闽粤港巨型火山活动带的部分特征,是亚洲大陆边缘大规模火山喷发(岩)带侏罗纪-白垩纪火山岩系较有代表性的地段,是研究我国东南沿海侏罗纪-白垩纪火山活动的天然博物馆。     

三维土-结构动力相互作用的一种时域直接分析方法

本文提出了一种分析三维土-结构动力相互作用的时域直接方法。该方法采用集中质量显式有限元和透射人工边界模拟无限域地基,通过编制的FORTRAN程序实现;采用ANSYS软件对上部结构进行建模分析,并通过FORTRAN程序对ANSYS软件的调用,实现了土与结构系统在地震作用下的整体分析。该方法为显隐式相结合的方法,地基和上部结构可采用不同的时间步距进行分析,可大大提高效率。通过两算例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

湖南1∶25万怀化幅区域地质调查主要成果及新认识

1∶25万怀化幅图区主要位于扬子陆块东南缘,自西向东划分为武陵断弯褶皱带、沅麻盆地、雪峰冲断带及邵阳坳褶带4个构造单元。通过此次调查研究,取得了以下主要进展及成果: 基本查明了区内板溪群与高涧群的相变关系及界线; 提出了南华纪长安期沿雪峰山与涟邵盆地的结合带存在一凹陷槽; 对区内岩浆岩侵入时代和期次做了详细的划分,建立了岩浆演化序列; 结合同位素年龄数据,系统地对白马山—龙山复式岩基带及其周边的中酸性—酸性花岗岩体侵入时代、火山岩系的喷发时代进行了统一厘定; 查明了雪峰造山带的构造变形特征、构造样式以及沅麻盆地的构造特征和形成演化过程。     

国内外生物礁油气勘探现状与我国南海生物礁油气勘探前景

世界生物礁油气资源非常丰富,随着生物礁油气勘探开发的不断深入,生物礁油气探明储量和产量不断增加,所占比重越来越大。南海是我国最大的边缘海,其特殊的构造背景、多种类型礁的发育和良好的生储盖组合等都决定了南海生物礁油气勘探的广阔前景。建议加快南海勘探开发的步伐,充分利用南海丰富的油气资源。     

地质环境容量与评价研究

本文系统总结了当今地质环境容量研究存在的主要问题及发展趋势,应用地质环境容量评价指标体系,初步建立了地质环境容量评价理论框架.在此基础上结合上海市主要环境地质问题,分析其主要影响因素,分层次选取合适的评价指标,对上海市地质环境容量进行实证分析.     

Possible climate change/variability and human impacts,vulnerability of drought-prone regions,water resources and capacity building for Africa

ABSTRACT

This review article discusses the climate, water resources and historical droughts of Africa, drought indices, vulnerability, impact of global warming and land use for drought-prone regions in West, southern and the Greater Horn of Africa, which have suffered recurrent severe droughts in the past. Recent studies detected warming and drying trends in Africa since the mid 20th century. Based on the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), both northern and southern Africa are projected to experience drying, such as decreasing precipitation, runoff and soil moisture in the 21st century and could become more vulnerable to the impact of droughts. The daily maximum temperature is projected to increase by up to 8°C (RCP8.5 of CMIP5), precipitation indices such as total wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT) and heavy precipitation days (R10 mm) could decrease, while warm spell duration (WSDI) and consecutive dry days (CDD) could increase. Uncertainties of the above long-term projections, teleconnections to climate anomalies such as ENSO and the Madden-Julian Oscillation, which could also affect the water resources of Africa, and capacity building in terms of physical infrastructure and non-structural solutions are also discussed. Given that traditional climate and hydrological data observed in Africa are generally limited, satellite data should also be exploited to fill the data gap for Africa in the future.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor N. Ilich     

火电厂主厂房结构异型节点抗震性能试验研究

为掌握火电厂新型主厂房框排架结构中异型节点的抗震性能,对由两侧梁高不等、柱截面突变及错层引起的异型节点进行了6个1/5比例试件拟静力试验研究及含有该类节点的空间结构试验研究。研究了节点的受力破坏模式、滞回耗能性能、强度和刚度退化规律及承载力计算方法。结果表明:该类节点初裂与极限荷载较常规节点显著降低,易发生小核心剪切破坏和柱端压弯剪复合破坏;异型节点中剪力墙的设置可以有效改善节点的抗震性能,提高其延性和耗能能力;通过分析节点受力机理并根据不同的破坏形态,提出针对SRC异型节点的承载力计算方法,为该类节点的实际设计提供参考。     

北斗卫星导航系统单频伪距绝对定位精度分析

利用北斗卫星导航系统进行导航定位具有全天候、高精度、不受其他定位系统限制等优点.为验证目前系统定位精度,采用单频伪距绝对定位的方式,对系统试运行阶段和正式提供区域服务后两天的观测数据进行处理和分析.结果表明:北斗系统单频伪距绝对定位能够达到米级精度,可以满足基础测绘和日常生产的需要.