重力式海洋平台沉箱的断裂分析

研究重力式海洋平台沉箱的表面裂纹最大深度,通过考虑沉箱有一个内表面裂纹,将问题简化为无裂纹重力式平台问题和带裂纹矩形板问题的叠加,应用有限元方法对重力式海洋平台无裂纹情形进行了静力分析,得到了与裂纹位置对应处的环向拉应力。计算裂纹矩形板的应力强度因子,得到海洋环境荷载下沉箱内表面裂纹的最大深度为0.066 8m,计算结果可供海洋平台的设计参考。     

根鞘微生境对羽毛针禾沙生适应性的生态调节

羽毛针禾(Stipagrostis pennata)是古尔班通古特沙漠流动沙丘的先锋禾草和优良固沙植物,本研究从形态结构、理化特性、生物学特性等方面对其复杂的根区生境进行了分析。结果表明:①野生羽毛针禾能够形成特殊的根鞘结构(即由土壤颗粒与根表分泌物及根毛、菌丝体相互胶结、缠绕形成的特殊结构),使根区环境相对稳定;②根鞘的存在可有效扩大根系与土壤的接触面积,有利于根系-土壤信息交流及水分和养分的交换,对植物忍耐干旱逆境胁迫尤为重要;③根鞘的形成明显改善了其所在微生境的土壤条件,根鞘含水量可达外围土壤的5倍,成为潜在的水库;根鞘的形成明显改善了养分尤其是氮素累积状况,其全氮含量显著高于外围土壤,速效氮、微生物量氮含量极显著(P<0.01),高于外围土壤;根鞘微生境呈碱性,pH值略低于外围土壤;④根鞘中碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶等各类水解酶、氧化酶均极显著(P<0.01)高于根外围土壤,反映出根鞘微生物学过程较强、土壤肥力较高,可有效增加土壤有机碳氮的转化,促进根鞘微生境养分循环;⑤可培养微生物分析结果显示,细菌在根鞘微生境中占绝对优势(99.72%±0.09%);可培养微生物优势类群为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、青霉属(Penicillium)。上述微生物具有固沙、固氮、解磷、产抗生素等生态潜能,有助于改善羽毛针禾根区营养吸收,促进植株生长。因此,作为对高温、缺水恶劣环境的一种应答结构,根鞘的形成促进了植物根土界面的信息交流及水分和养分的交换,有利于植物、土壤、微生物建立互惠互利的关系,对植物忍耐干旱逆境胁迫尤为重要。     

基于ArcGIS Server的地震应急数据与服务共享研究

ArcGIS Server是基于Web Service用来发布企业级GIS应用程序的综合平台。 本文以地震应急数据与服务共享为研究目标, 分析了ArcGIS Server的体系架构和几种常用共享模式的特点, 提出了基于Web Service和ArcGIS Server的共享模式, 详细阐述了地震应急数据与服务共享的理论方法和系统架构, 实现了基于ArcGIS Server开发地震应急信息共享的原型系统。     

合山市矿山地质环境影响评价研究

广西合山属于煤炭资源枯竭型城市,正在经历的市域经济转型与大规模城市建设,使得矿山地质环境影响评价成为一项基础性工作。将矿山地质环境影响评价划分为两个层次,即采矿活动对矿山地质环境影响评价和城市建设对地质环境的影响评价。选取矿山地质环境条件、矿山开采状况、矿山地质环境问题3个地质环境要素,地形地貌、植被覆盖率、岩土体工程特征、矿山分布密度、煤层倾斜角度、煤层采深采厚比、土地资源破坏强度、水资源破坏强度、地质灾害发育强度9个评价指标,首先应用模糊综合评价模型进行了第一层次的矿山地质环境影响评价,然后采用综合指数评价模型进行了第二层次的地质环境影响评价,结果显示,影响严重区、较严重区、一般区分别为62.87,118.84,175.99km2,各占市域面积的17.6%、33.2%、49.2%。评价结果可作为合山市矿山地质环境综合治理的重要依据。     

三维空间内近地表激发井深设计插件的开发与应用

通过探讨三维空间内激发井深设计过程中的网格化方法、空间属性插值等关键技术,针对地震采集施工设计的应用需求,结合对比目前在野外采集施工设计中常用的近地表激发井深设计软件Surfer和油藏建模软件Earth Vision,设计了符合野外激发井深设计需求的软件流程,论证了适应井深设计要求的空间插值算法(反距离加权法和普通克里金),并通过对测线交叉异常点的自动剔除等质量控制手段,消除异常点产生的影响因子,提高了插值精度,编写了相应的核心算法模块,自主研发了一套基于VS2005 C++结合Qt4与OpenGL技术的软件产品,通过大量的实际资料数据验证与测试,在野外生产中投入应用.     

Simultaneous estimation of surface soil moisture and soil properties with a dual ensemble Kalman smoother

In this paper, a new state-parameter estimation approach is presented based on the dual ensemble Kalman smoother(DEn KS) and simple biosphere model(Si B2) to sequentially estimate both the soil properties and soil moisture profile by assimilating surface soil moisture observations. The Arou observation station, located in the upper reaches of the Heihe River in northwestern China, was selected to test the proposed method. Three numeric experiments were designed and performed to analyze the influence of uncertainties in model parameters, atmospheric forcing, and the model's physical mechanics on soil moisture estimates. Several assimilation schemes based on the ensemble Kalman filter(En KF), ensemble Kalman smoother(En KS), and dual En KF(DEn KF) were also compared in this study. The results demonstrate that soil moisture and soil properties can be simultaneously estimated by state-parameter estimation methods, which can provide more accurate estimation of soil moisture than traditional filter methods such as En KF and En KS. The estimation accuracy of the model parameters decreased with increasing error sources. DEn KS outperformed DEn KF in estimating soil moisture in most cases, especially where few observations were available. This study demonstrates that the DEn KS approach is a useful and practical way to improve soil moisture estimation.     

岩溶山区浅层基岩滑坡失稳机理研究 ——以大方县金星组滑坡为例

岩溶山区浅层滑坡具有发育规律性差、前期变形迹象小、面小点多等特征,早期识别难度大,难以实现全面调查与监测,因此,对典型案例的成因机理进行研究具有重要意义。2016年7月1日贵州省大方县金星组发生滑坡,共造成23人死亡。金星组滑坡滑体厚度平均仅为4 m,总方量约9.5×104 m3,属于典型的岩溶山区浅层基岩滑坡。研究认为,坡角大于岩层倾角的顺层坡体结构是滑坡发生的主要内在因素,而滑坡发生前的降雨入渗且无有效的排泄途径,导致坡体中的薄层泥岩发生泥化是金星组滑坡发生的直接触发因素。     

赤铁矿高温原位X射线衍射研究

在空气和真空条件下对α-Fe_2O_3粉末进行了从室温到1 000℃的高温原位X射线衍射研究,分别修正了空气和真空条件下赤铁矿在27~1 000℃范围内的晶胞参数,从而得到了晶胞参数随温度变化的关系和赤铁矿在空气和真空条件下的热膨胀系数,并得出了热膨胀系数与温度的关系,即赤铁矿的热膨胀系数不随温度变化。赤铁矿在空气气氛下的热膨胀系数为αa=9.603 16×10~(-6)/℃,αc=6.647 67×10~(-6)/℃,β=2.606 33/℃;真空气氛下的热膨胀系数为αa=9.006 79×10~(-6)/℃,αc=6.891 23×10~(-6)/℃,β=2.511 51/℃。     

Effects of river damming on biogenic silica turnover: implications for biogeochemical carbon and nutrient cycles

Rivers link terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems, and they transport large amounts of substances into oceans each year, including several forms of silicon (Si), carbon (C), and other nutrients. However, river damming affects the water flow and biogeochemical cycles of Si, C, and other nutrients through biogeochemical interacting processes. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of the effects of river damming on the processes of biogeochemical Si cycle, especially the source, composition, and recycling process of biogenic silica (BSi). Then, we introduce dam impacts on the cycles of C and some other nutrients. Dissolved silicon in rivers is mainly released from phytolith dissolution and silicate weathering. BSi in suspended matter or sediments in most rivers mainly consists of phytoliths and mainly originates from soil erosion. However, diatom growth and deposition in many reservoirs formed by river interception may significantly increase the contribution of diatom Si to total BSi, and thus significantly influence the biogeochemical Si, C, and nutrient cycles. Yet the turnover of phytoliths and diatoms in different rivers formed by river damming is still poorly quantified. Thus, they should be further investigated to enhance our understanding about the effects of river damming on global biogeochemical Si, C and nutrient cycles.