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11.
Study of geothermal water intrusion due to groundwater exploitation in the Puebla Valley aquifer system, Mexico 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
E. Leticia Flores-Márquez Gabriel Jiménez-Suárez Raymundo G. Martínez-Serrano René E. Chávez Daniel Silva Pérez 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(7):1216-1230
Significant intrusion of geothermal water into fresh groundwater takes place in the Puebla Valley aquifer system, Mexico. The decline in the potentiometric surface due to the overexploitation of the groundwater induces this intrusion. This hydrological system comprises three aquifers located in Plio-Quaternary volcanic sediments and Mesozoic calcareous rocks. The hydraulic balance of the aquifer shows that the annual output exceeds the natural inputs by 12 million m3. Between 1973 and 2002, a drop in the potentiometric surface, with an 80 m cone of depression, was identified in a 5-km-wide area located southwest of the city of Puebla. Chemical analyses performed on water samples since 1990 have shown an increase in total dissolved solids (TDS) of more than 500 mg/L, coinciding with the region showing a cone of depression in the potentiometric surface. A three-dimensional flow and transport model, based on the hydrogeological and geophysical studies, was computed by using the MODFLOW and MT3D software. This model reproduces the evolution of the aquifer system during the last 30 years and predicts for 2010 an additional drawdown in the potentiometric surface of 15 m, and an increase in the geothermal water intrusion. 相似文献
12.
Geraldo Magela da Costa Gabriel de Oliveira Polli Márcio A. Kahwage Eddy de Grave Antônio Claret Soares Sabioni Júlio Cesar Mendes 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(3):161-166
Mössbauer spectra (MS) of blue, green and yellow beryl (ideally Be3Al2Si6O18) containing approximately 1% of iron were obtained at 295 and 500 K. Room temperature (RT) spectra of both blue and green samples showed the presence of an asymmetric Fe2+ doublet (ΔE
Q~2.7 mm/s, δ~1.1 mm/s), with a very broad low-velocity peak. There is no clear evidence for the presence of a ferric component. The MS of the yellow sample at RT consists of an intense central absorption with parameters typical for Fe3+ (ΔE
Q~0.4 mm/s, δ~0.29 mm/s), plus an apparently symmetrical Fe2+ doublet. This sample acquires a light-blue shade upon heating in air at about 620 K. Thermal treatments at high temperatures caused no significant changes in the MS, but the green and yellow beryl acquire a blue colour. All these results are interpreted in relation to the existence of channel water and the distribution of iron among the available crystallographic sites. 相似文献
13.
Summary The existence of low-frequency variability in climatic-hydrological-oceanic variables may be useful for long-term forecasting
and climate modelling. By using long time series this paper attempts to identify large-scale quasi-cycles in the precipitation
regimes of Northern Argentina, moisture advection from the Atlantic Ocean and the streamflow of the Paraná River. This work
also shows the presence of coherent waves with long periodicity between the three series. As the three variables are estimated
over different time intervals, the presence of waves in each variable is studied separately, to show they respond to the same
process. The three variables show significant interdecadal variability at low frequency (22–26 years), which might be related
to the ENSO cycle modulation and to the intensification or weakening of the South American Low Level Jet (SALLJ) and South
Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). 相似文献
14.
Foliation fields and 3D cartography in geology: Principles of a method based on potential interpolation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A modeling method that takes into account known points on a geological interface and plane orientation data such as stratification
or foliation planes is described and tested. The orientations data do not necessarily belong to one of the interfaces but
are assumed to sample the main anisotropy of a geological formation as in current geological situations. The problem is to
determine the surfaces which pass through the known points on interfaces and which are compatible with the orientation data.
The method is based on the interpolation of a scalar field defined in the space the gradient in which is orthogonal to the
orientations, given that some points have the same but unknown scalar value (points of the same interface), and that scalar
gradient is known on the other points (foliations). The modeled interfaces are represented as isovalues of the interpolated
field. Preliminary two-dimensional tests carried-out with different covariance models demonstrate the validity of the method,
which is easily transposable in three dimensions. 相似文献
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16.
Pierre Strzerzynski Stéphane Guillot Gabriel Courrioux Patrick Ledru 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(14):1284-1292
The structural analysis and the 3D modelling of Stephanian granites of the Pelvoux Massif characterize an emplacement along sinistral NW–SE- and dextral NE–SW-trending shear zones in the Pelvoux and in the Aiguilles Rouges–Mont Blanc Massifs, respectively. This Carboniferous shear system is consistent with a north–south extension direction known in the whole Variscan belt at this time. To cite this article: P. Strzerzynski et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献
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Improved spatial delineation of streambed properties and water fluxes using distributed temperature sensing
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Landon J. S. Halloran Hamid Roshan Gabriel C. Rau Martin S. Andersen R. Ian Acworth 《水文研究》2016,30(15):2686-2702
A new method was developed for analysing and delineating streambed water fluxes, flow conditions and hydraulic properties using coiled fibre‐optic distributed temperature sensing or closely spaced discrete temperature sensors. This method allows for a thorough treatment of the spatial information embedded in temperature data by creating a matrix visualization of all possible sensor pairs. Application of the method to a 5‐day field dataset reveals the complexity of shallow streambed thermal regimes. To understand how velocity estimates are affected by violations of assumptions of one‐dimensional, saturated, homogeneous flow and to aid in the interpretation of field observations, the method was also applied to temperature data generated by numerical models of common field conditions: horizontal layering, presence of lateral flow and variable streambed saturation. The results show that each condition creates a distinct signature visible in the triangular matrices. The matrices are used to perform a comparison of the behaviour of one‐dimensional analytical heat‐tracing models. The results show that the amplitude ratio‐based method of velocity calculation leads to the most reliable estimates. The minimum sensor spacing required to obtain reliable velocity estimates with discrete sensors is also investigated using field data. The developed method will aid future heat‐tracing studies by providing a technique for visualizing and comparing results from fibre‐optic distributed temperature sensing installations and testing the robustness of analytical heat‐tracing models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Till Czypionka Cristian A. Vargas Nelson Silva Giovanni Daneri Humberto E. González José Luis Iriarte 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(3-4):216-224
Mixotrophy, the combination of autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition in the same organism, is widespread in planktonic algae. Several reports from temperate and high-latitude fjords in Scandinavia suggest the occurrence of a niche in late summer and autumn during post-bloom conditions in which mixotrophic algae can become important grazers in pelagic ecosystems, accessing the nutrients bound in their prey to overcome nutrient limitation. Here, we experimentally determined the trophic modes and bacterivory rates for the nanoplankton community (2–20 μm) in Aysén Fjord located in the Chilean Northern Patagonia during two contrasting seasons: winter and spring. While mixotrophic nanoplankton was virtually absent from the system in spring, in winter at occasions it even constituted the dominant trophic group of the nanoplankton with abundances of >900 cells mL?1. This indicates a second niche for mixotrophs in winter, when mixotrophy allows overcoming light limitation. 相似文献