响水海上风机群桩基础变形特性的有限元分析

江苏省响水海上风电场位于响水县陈港附近海域。由于海上风机群桩基础复杂的工程特性,地基基础设计是该工程的技术难题之一。考虑了静力工况和循环风荷载工况,对响水2 MW风力发电机组群桩基础的变形特性进行了计算和分析。计算结果表明,静力荷载工况下基础变形在允许范围内,考虑循环风荷载时的变形较静力荷载工况的方案略有增大;桩土系统随着深度水平位移和影响范围逐渐减小,竖向最大沉降量基本不变,影响范围有一定扩展;桩土系统的受力变形特性不仅取决于所受到的荷载组合,也取决于地基条件。     

定轴排水剪切试验中各向异性砂土的力学响应

南京云母砂主要由片状颗粒组成,具有较为明显的各向异性特性。采用香港科技大学的自动控制空心圆柱扭剪仪进行了应力主轴方向角分别为10°、30°、60°、80°的密实云母砂定轴剪切试验,研究云母砂的初始各向异性规律。为研究中主应力的影响,又对同一密度的试样在中主应力系数b＝0.1、0.5、1.0三种不同情况下进行定轴剪切试验。试验结果表明,在大主应力方向角从0°～90°的变化过程中,强度先减小后增大,且随着b值的增加强度增大;变形表现出明显的各向异性,随着b值的增加体变增大     

土工织物加筋黏性土坡坡顶加载的离心模型试验研究

土工织物加筋技术在工程中得到了广泛的应用,取得了良好的加固效果。但对于土工织物加筋机制尚缺乏明确和统一地认识,加筋理论研究落后于工程实践。为此,进行了坡顶加载条件下土工织物加固黏性土坡和素土边坡的离心模型试验,记录和再现了素土边坡和加筋土坡在坡顶加载条件下的变形破坏过程。主要基于变形分析探讨了黏性土坡在土工织物简单加固条件下的加固效果和加筋机制。结果表明,土工织物加筋可以有效地提高黏性土坡的极限承载力,加筋带的存在改变了土体的位移场,扩大了坡顶加载的影响区域,加筋后滑裂面明显后移。加筋带对土体的局部作用和作用范围,随着土体变形的增大而增大和扩展     

各向异性对积石峡面板堆石坝渗流的影响分析

面板堆石坝的坝料在填筑过程中由于碾压等原因而表现出较强的各向异性。采用固定网格有限元全场各向异性渗流分析方法,对积石峡面板堆石坝进行了正常和面板出现裂缝等非常工况条件下的二、三维渗流分析,计算了大坝渗流量和渗流场,探讨了面板裂缝的位置对渗透的影响。计算结果表明,在正常工况条件下,大坝具有良好的渗透稳定性。面板不同的裂缝位置对大坝渗流影响不同。     

粉质黏土中单桩竖向承载力的离心模型试验研究

桩基础研究的核心问题是桩承载力和桩-土相互作用,包括桩周土的变形和饱和土中孔隙水压力的变化。通过离心模型试验的方法,利用竖向压桩设备把桩压入土体,研究饱和及非饱和粉质黏土中单桩的竖向承载力,以及加载过程中桩周土体的变形和孔隙水压力的变化。粉质黏土饱和后,桩基的承载特性表现出软化的特点,且桩基的承载能力比非饱和粉质黏土中的桩基小,非饱和粉质黏土的压桩试验中桩基没有出现明显的极限承载力。桩基的加载特性与桩周土的变形响应具有显著的相关性,桩的加载过程对桩周土体变形的影响有一定范围,超过这个范围,土体的变形可以忽略不计。饱和粉质黏土中桩基的加载对桩周土体孔压的变化也有一定的影响范围,与桩周土体的变形范围体现出类似的规律。距离桩较近时,桩周土的变形较大;距离桩越远,土体的变形受到桩的影响越小。     

饱和砂土地基海上风机筒形基础离心模型试验研究

筒形基础具有造价低、结构简单等优点,作为海上风机基础有很大的应用前景。针对海上风机筒形基础所受的主要荷载,采用偏心轮和气缸实现在离心模型试验中对筒形基础所受循环荷载的模拟。在此基础上进行饱和砂土地基中海上风机筒形基础受力变形的离心模型试验,测量地基与基础的应力、变形和孔压。根据测量结果分析筒形基础的受力变形特性,表明筒形基础的临塑荷载大约是极限荷载的一半;单调和循环水平荷载作用下筒形基础发生明显的倾倒破坏,变形主要发生在筒形基础的周围。     

饱和砂土地基海上风机筒形基础离心模型试验研究

筒形基础具有造价低、结构简单等优点,作为海上风机基础有很大的应用前景。针对海上风机筒形基础所受的主要荷载,采用偏心轮和气缸实现在离心模型试验中对筒形基础所受循环荷载的模拟。在此基础上进行饱和砂土地基中海上风机筒形基础受力变形的离心模型试验,测量地基与基础的应力、变形和孔压。根据测量结果分析筒形基础的受力变形特性,表明筒形基础的临塑荷载大约是极限荷载的一半;单调和循环水平荷载作用下筒形基础发生明显的倾倒破坏,变形主要发生在筒形基础的周围。     

Comparison of precipitation products to observations in Tibet during the rainy season

Precipitation is an important component of global water and energy transport and a major aspect of climate change. Due to the scarcity of meteorological observations, the precipitation climate over Tibet has been insufficiently documented. In this study, the distribution of precipitation during the rainy season over Tibet from 1980 to 2013 is described on monthly to annual time scales with meteorological observations. Furthermore, four precipitation products are compared to observations over Tibet. These datasets include products derived from the Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data(APHRO), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC), the University of Delaware(UDel), and the China Meteorological Administration(CMA). The error, relative error, standard deviation, root-mean-square error, correlations and trends between these products for the same period are analyzed with in situ precipitation during the rainy season from May to September. The results indicate that these datasets can broadly capture the temporal and spatial precipitation distribution over Tibet. The precipitation gradually increases from northwest to southeast. The spatial precipitation in GPCC and CMA are similar and positively correlated to observations. Areas with the largest deviations are located in southwestern Tibet along the Himalayas. The APHRO product underestimates, while the UDel, GPCC, and CMA datasets overestimates precipitation on the basis of monthly and inter-annual variation. The biases in GPCC and CMA are smaller than those in APHRO and UDel with a mean relative error lower than 10% during the same periods. The linear trend of precipitation indicates that the increase in precipitation has accelerated extensively during the last 30 years in most regions of Tibet. The CMA generally achieves the best performance of these four precipitation products. Data uncertainty in Tibet might be caused by the low density of stations, complex topography between the grid points and stations, and the interpolation methods, which can also produce an obvious difference between the gridded data and observations.     

Centrifuge modeling of the geogrid-reinforced slope subjected to differential settlement

A series of centrifuge model tests of geogrid-reinforced slopes with superstructure was conducted under differential settlement condition. The influence of reinforcement placement on the deformation and failure behavior of the slope and superstructure is investigated by considering different numbers of geogrid layers. The response of the slope and superstructure is analyzed based on a full-field displacement measurement via image analysis. The differential settlement induces distinguishable superstructure movement and slope deformation above the subsidence zone. The slope displacement, close to the vertical direction, appears only in a limited zone. An integrated analysis scheme of deformation and failure processes is adopted to reveal the failure mechanism of both the unreinforced and reinforced slopes: a certain level of deformation localization induced by differential settlement results in the local failure, and adversely, the local failure aggravates the deformation localization near it. The geogrid reinforcement mechanism is further clarified as the reduction on the deformation localization of the slope due to geogrid placement. The geogrid reinforcement effect can be comprehensively described with two respects: hooping effect and shielding effect, which illustrates the influence sphere and degree of geogrid reinforcement on restraining the slope deformation. The geogrid reinforcement is proven effective to improve the safety of the slope and superstructure.