青海地区三级GPS大地控制网的建立

针对青海地区地理环境的特点和大地控制网的现状,从GPS控制网设计与布测、数据处理、控制网质量检测和成果管理等方面对青海地区三级GPS大地控制网的建立进行了分析研究.在此基础上,总结了在高原困难地区建立GPS网的一些经验.     

影像地图集中色彩与符号设计的研究与实践

遥感技术的发展为地图制作提供了丰富多样的信息源,使地图从形式到内容都发生了全新的变化.影像地图已成为一种新型的地图品种,但影像地图的设计还面临着一些新的技术难题.结合影像地图集的编制,对影像地图集设计中两个关键技术,色彩设计与符号设计进行了研究实践,为影像地图集的设计制作提供理论和技术方法借鉴.     

The mapping methods and division of tectonic units of the regional tectonic map in the eastern China seas and adjacent regions

The geological-geophysical map series of the eastern China seas and adjacent region (1:1 000 000) will be published in the late half year of 2009. The regional tectonic map is one of the main professional maps. The Mapping methods, the division method of geological tectonic units and the main geological tectonic units are mainly discussed. The strata from Pliocene to Holocene are peeled off so as to display the Pre-Pliocene structures. In basins, isopaches are drawn for the Cenozoic deposits. The plate tectonic theory and present tectonic pattern are adopted as the priorities in tectonic division. As to the division of intraplate tectonic units, it is a revision, complement and improvement of previous dividing systems, and the nomenclature for each tectonic unit follows the current system in China. The first-order tectonic unit is plate (Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate). The second-order tectonic unit is tectonic domain (East Asian continental tectonic domain,East Asian continental margin tectonic domain and west Pacific tectonic domain). The Philippine Sea Plate and the west part of the Pacific Plate are called the West Pacific tectonic domain. The part of the Eurasian Plate involved in this study area can be further divided into East Asian continental tectonic domain and East Asian continental margin tectonic domain. The East Asian continental margin domain is composed of the Ryukyu island arc, the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin and the back-arc basin of Sea of Japan. The East Asian continental tectonic domain in this study area is composed of the Sino-Korea Massif, the Changjiang River (Yangtze) Massif and South China Massif. In turn, these massifs consist of basins, folded belts or uplift zones. The basins,the folded belts or the uplift zones are further divided into uplifts and depressions made up of sags and swells.     

The application of geographic information technology to coastal geomorphology

With the development of modern oceanic observation technologies,coastal survey data have been experiencing a substantial growth.The integration management of the data from different disciplines,different sources and different formats has become a major research field in coastal geomorphology by using Geographic Information System (GIS).This paper puts forward a new methodology framework of GIS techniques in coastal ocean geomorphology,including data acquisition,process,analysis,and representation.It focuses on some major GIS techniques to study the land-ocean interaction mechanism,such as spatial analysis,submarine topography model and three-dimension (3D) visualization,and apply its result to coastal urban planning,harbor site selection and geomorphology environment about coral reef and islands on the continental shelf.The case studies cover the whole coastal ocean to serve the social community,economical development and diplomatic rights for decision-making all round in the coastal zone.The research shows clearly that the application of coastal multi-source geospatial platform has changed the traditional coastal geomorphology science dramatically from its research scope,fields and methods,however,as made clear in this paper,extracting accurate information from remote sensing data and GIS databases for coastal geomorphological applications is a nontrivial challenge that requires the combined knowledge and skills of information scientists and geomorphologists.     

瘤状软骨凹顶藻化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱以及Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱手段,对海洋红藻瘤状软骨凹顶藻(Chondrophycus papillous Garbary et Harper)进行化学成分研究,分离得到5个化合物.通过MS、NMR等方法对得到的化合物进行结构确证,分别鉴定为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(Ⅰ),邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(Ⅱ),胆甾醇(Ⅲ),植醇(Ⅳ)和4-羟基苯甲醛(Ⅴ).所有化合物均为首次从该种海藻中分离得到.通过MTT法对得到的单体化合物进行细胞毒活性筛选,结果显示所有化合物在10 mg/L浓度下均无明显活性.     

斜带石斑鱼不同地理群体遗传变异的微卫星分析

筛选5时可分析引物对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)台湾群体和广东群体的DNA多态性进行分析.根据电泳检测结果,平均每个引物获得4.2个等位基因,未发现群体的特异位点.获得2个群体平均观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.672 1和0.682 6,平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为0.647 9和0.544 4,两群体间的遗传分化系数(F_(ST))为0.011 0.统计结果表明,2个群体有着较高的遗传变异性,群体间的遗传分化程度处于多数海水鱼类的平均水平.     

渤黄海海平面的变化及其与ENSO的关系

利用1992年12月至2007年5月的高度计资料,研究了渤黄海海平面的变化特征。统计分析表明,近14a间渤海及北黄海、中央黄海海平面的平均上升高度分别为45.9mm和34.7mm,各海域的海平面上升速度不完全相同。研究发现,南方涛动指数(SOI)、纬向风应力距平都与渤海及北黄海、中央黄海的SLA呈负相关性,渤黄海海平面显著受SOI、纬向风应力调制,并且,SOI与渤黄海海域的风场之间有良好相关。将坐标系进行旋转后,获得与当地海平面异常相关最大的风应力方向。对SLA与新坐标系下风应力距平u的低频分量分析发现,渤海及北黄海海区、中央黄海对海平面影响最大的风应力距平u方向分别为东偏南20°方向、东偏南8°方向,风应力距平u分量与SLA、SOI的低频分量呈现更好的相关性。ENSO通过大气环流过程对渤黄海海域的风场产生影响,当地风场通过纬向风应力对渤黄海海平面的年际变化产生调制作用。因此,ENSO可以通过风应力对渤黄海海平面产生影响。     

柄海鞘对铅的生物富集作用

应用半静态的双箱式生物富集动力学模型,在室内研究了柄海鞘对重金属 Pb2+ 的生物富集作用,通过非线性拟合得到了相应的生物富集动力学参数.结果表明:柄海鞘对金属 Pb2+ 具有一定的富集作用,对 Pb2+ 的富集吸收速率常数 k1 和富集系数 BCF均随外部水体中 Pb2+ 浓度的增大而减小.富集平衡时,海鞘体内的铅含? Camax)与外部水体中 Pb2+ 的浓度基本呈正相关.柄海鞘不同器官中的 Pb 浓度不同,依次为:生殖腺>消化腺≈其他部分>外背囊.排出阶段 Pb 在柄海鞘体内的生物学半衰期(B1/2)为 10.05～36.76d.     

海洋环境下粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性与抗氯离子渗透性的耦合

针对海洋环境条件,重点研究了粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性和氯离子渗透性能的相互关系.试验分别研究了水胶比、粉煤灰等量取代水泥掺量大小、引气剂掺量等因素对抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,并与普通混凝土进行了对比.结果表明,粉煤灰不增加混凝土的抗海水冻融耐久性;粉煤灰增加混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,但是掺量超过30%,抗氯离子渗透性能下降;粉煤灰对混凝土抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性的耦合影响在30%左右存在一个最佳掺量.为评估混凝土的抗冻性和氯离子扩散性的耦合性能,提出了新的评价方法--冻渗比(R值方法),并进行了试验验证.SEM和MIP微观分析与R值方法评价的结果是吻合的.     

船体可靠性评估

为了研究不同结构船体的寿命和使用时可靠度的关系,提出了一种基于试验的可靠度估计方法.针对不同结构船体寿命服从Weibull分布,在无失效数据情形下、置信度至少为γ和寿命为t时,根据船体寿命试验数据,给出了可靠度的单侧置信下限.该方法是在Weibull分布形状参数下限已知的情况下,能将所有的无失效寿命数据进行累加,大大提高了可靠性分析的精度.最后,对钢结构、钛合金结构、铝合金结构的船体,在寿命为t月、置信度至少为γ时,计算了3种结构船体的可靠度单侧置信下限.结果表明该方法易于计算,便于工程应用.