Phase Stability and Reactions of Subducting CaCO3 under Upper Mantle Conditions

CaCO₃ is an important component of marine sediments and one of the major deep-carbon carriers at subduction zones. Some subducted CaCO₃ can be dissolved in subduction fluids and recycled back to the surface via arc volcanoes degassing. At the same time, there still remain large amounts of CaCO₃ and its reaction products, which could be further transported into Earth’s deep interior. These internal processes link atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere with the deep...     

The Altun Fault: Its Geometry, Nature and Mode of Growth

The Altun (or Altyn Tagh) fault displays a geometry of overlapping of linear and arcuate segments and shows strong inhomogeneity in time and space. It is a gigantic fault system with complex mechanical behaviours including thrusting, sinistral strike slip and normal slip. The strike slip and normal slip mainly occurred in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic and Plio-Quaternary respectively, whereas the thrusting was a deformation event that has played a dominant role since the late Palaeozoic (for a duration of about 305 Ma). The formation of the Altun fault was related to strong inhomogeneous deformation of the massifs on its two sides (in the hinterland of the Altun Mountains contractional deformation predominated and in the Qilian massif thrust propagation was dominant). The fault experienced a dynamic process of successive break-up and connection of its segments and gradual propagation, which was synchronous with the development of an overstep thrust sequence in the Qilian massif and the uplift of the Qinghai-T     

宿南矿区地下水同位素地球化学特征及地质意义

煤矿区地下水既是重要的地下水资源,又影响煤矿安全生产。为了解宿南矿区地下水同位素化学特征,采集了宿南矿区松散层水、砂岩水和灰岩水样品进行T、D、18O、87Sr/86Sr和溶解碳酸盐岩中13C、18O等同位素测试分析,并利用传统图示等方法探讨了地下水演化年龄、同位素特征及影响因素。结果表明：矿区3个含水层地下水中T含量较低,整体反映了矿区地下水多位时间久远的亚现代水补给;地下水中D、18O受到明显围岩的影响,其组成为-68.5‰~-44.3‰和-8.78‰~-6.29‰,平均值分别为-61.15‰和-8.16‰;围岩中碳酸盐岩含量决定了13CDIC与 18ODIC的变化关系;87Sr/86Sr值为0.710 6～0.712 3,平均为0.711 2,87Sr/86Sr比值主要受到了水岩作用的影响,可以有效地识别3个不同含水层水源。     

海岛城镇空间扩展及景观生态演变研究 ——以舟山为例

本文以舟山本岛为研究对象,通过7景Landsat系列遥感影像,获取了1985-2015年7个时期内的5种地物信息。在此基础上,引入4个空间分析指标,分析了城镇扩展方位特征、城镇扩展强度及扩展速度特征、景观格局变化特征,并对影响城镇扩展的自然环境因素进行空间分析,对社会经济因素进行相关性分析。结果表明:(1)舟山本岛城镇扩展在空间方位上呈现"串珠状"的非典型蔓延特征,且在本岛第四象限扩展最显著;(2)城镇空间扩展可划分为三个阶段:城镇雏形阶段(1985-1995年)、城镇生长阶段(1995-2010年)及城镇成熟阶段(2010-2015年);(3)城镇雏形阶段,城镇"向中部绿心"扩展,岛陆森林面积减少了10.34 km2;城镇生长阶段,城镇"向海"扩展,25.10 km2周边海域经围垦转变为耕地及建设用地;城镇成熟阶段,城镇扩展"向海"与"向中部绿心"并存,对海岛生态系统陆海两侧均造成压力;(4)城镇空间扩展的空间指向主要位于海拔20 m以下,坡度10°以下的山谷、沿岸平原及围垦区。本岛人口数、房地产投入、GDP总量及路网总长等因素与城镇扩展相关性最显著。     

舟山本岛城市热岛安全度分析

海岛城市化导致不透水面快速扩展,增加了城市热环境风险。城市热岛安全度评价,在维护海岛城市独特的气候资源禀赋及城市环境规划中起着重要作用。以舟山本岛为例,利用2015年两景Landsat8影像,反演出研究区高温及低温情景中的地表温度,并使用均值—标准差法将地表温度划分冷岛、绿岛、正常区、次热岛及强热岛5个等级。针对舟山本岛城市热岛强度空间差异较大的特征,将城市划分为12个地理子单元。在构建热岛安全度评价指标体系的基础上,使用突变级数法计算了各个子单元的热岛安全度。结果表明:(1)高温情景中强热岛面积比重(17.7%)高于低温情景(12.0%),总热岛面积比重季节差异不大;(2)东港、定海老城、白泉及沈家门受到社会经济因素扰动最大,城市内部热岛安全度最低,展茅、小沙及马岙热岛安全度最高。本研究旨在为岛陆土地资源紧缺的舟山本岛应对城市热环境问题,实现人地系统协调发展,提供理论依据及建议。     

渔港卸鱼码头合理泊位利用率研究

本文用计算机模拟方法计算出渔港缺卸鱼码头合理泊位利用率,可供渔港规划时参考。     

On the Interaction of Surface Waves with An Elastic Plate of Finite Length in Head Seas

An eigen-function expansion method based on a new orthogonal inner product is proposed by Sahoo et al. (2000) for the study of the hydroelastic response of mat-type VLFS in head seas. However, their main emphasis is on the effect of edge conditions and they assume that the plate is of a semi-infinite length. In reality, the plate is of finile length. For consider-alion of the finite length effect, the reflection and transmission from the other end must be considered. The effect of this reflection and transmission on the hydroelaslic response of VLFS is of interest for praclical application. Furthermore, the physi-cal meaning of the new inner producl was not given in their paper. In this paper, it is shown that the new inner product can be derived from the governing equation and the bottom boundary conditions. Then the same eigen-function expansion method is adopted for the study of the hydroelastic response of an elastic plate of finite length in surface waves. Delailed comparisons are made between the     

Comparison of Linear Level I Green-Naghdi Theory with Linear Wave Theory for Prediction of Hydroelastic Responses of VLFS

Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) have drawn considerable attention recently due to their potential significance in the exploitation of ocean resources and in the utilization of ocean space. Efficient and accurate estimation of their hydroelastic responses to waves is very important for the design. Recently, an efficient numerical algorithm was developed by Ertekin and Kim (1999). However, in their analysis, the linear Level I Green-Naghdi (GN) theory is employed to describe fluid dynamics instead of the conventional linear wave (LW) theory of finite water depth. They claimed that this linear level I GN theory provided betler predictions of the hydroelastic responses of VLFS than the linear wave theory. In this paper, a detailed derivation is given in the conventional linear wave theory framework with the same quantity as used in the linear level I GN theory framework. This allows a critical comparison between the linear wave theory and the linear level I GN theory. it is found that the linear level     

长江干流有机碳的时空输运特征及三峡工程对其影响

2006-04,2008-04,2008-05沿长江干流采集表层水样,并于2006-05~2007-05在下游大通站进行每月2次、为期1 a的连续观测,测定溶解有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)及总悬浮物(TSM)。结果表明:长江重庆以上江段DOC浓度较低,重庆至河口由于人为污染排放DOC表现出高值;干流POC与TSM显著正先关,POC%(TSM)随TSM含量增大呈负指数关系下降。大通站有机碳浓度及通量均表现出明显的季节性,2006-06~2007-05全年经大通站进入河口的DOC、POC通量分别为1.17×106tC和1.88×106tC,其中洪季(5~10月)输运的有机碳占到总有机碳的70%,组成以颗粒态为主。三峡水库135 m及156 m蓄水后,泥沙在库区的沉降作用显著影响长江POC的输运特征及入海通量;从目前观测结果看,三峡库区DOC浓度并没有表现出明显的升高趋势,可能与水库运行时间尚短有关。     

地球物理反问题中两种正则化方法的比较

通过对最小二乘法的改造引入了两种正则化方法及其解的表达式,从理论上阐述了Tikhonov与TS- VD两种正则化方法效果的差异,特别就病态方程组在三种情况———系数阵良定秩、系数阵劣定秩右端项劣衰减、系数阵劣定秩右端项良衰减下正则化方法的应用效果作了比较,并给出了数值例子。