跨国整车企业在华投资的区位选择研究

首先运用ArcGIS 9.2软件对跨国整车企业在华投资的空间格局进行分析,结果表明,跨国整车企业在华呈沿海沿江布局,呈"T"型结构,具体形成长三角、珠三角、环渤海、东北、中部以及西南等六大地方汽车企业网络;然后运用Eviews 3.1软件,采用选择泊松回归模型分析方法,具体结合城市基础设施建设、可达性、人力资源以及拥有权力等方面的9个影响因素对跨国整车企业在华投资的区位选择影响因素进行定量分析。     

罗布泊地区凝结水对潜卤水资源量评价的影响分析

新疆罗布泊地区属于极端干旱气候地区,大气降水对地下水的补给极其有限,长期以来,众多学者认为凝结水量是罗布泊干盐湖潜卤水的重要补给来源之一。本次通过在罗北凹地地区开展的凝结水试验,较准确地计算了其补给资源量,指出尽管研究区凝结水总生成量较大,但真正能入渗补给到潜卤水饱水带的量却极少,绝大多数凝结水都以难以开发利用的土壤水形式短暂保存,被蒸发散失到大气中,对潜卤水资源量评价影响较小。     

闽南山地不同密度桉树人工林土壤肥力的分形研究

以分形理论对闽南山地造林密度分别为1 125、1 225、1 325、1 625和2 225株/hm2的桉树人工林土壤结构和理化性质进行研究,建立桉树人工林土壤水稳性团聚体含量与其分形维数相关关系式,以及土壤水稳性团聚体的分形维数和对应的土壤理化性质指标的回归模型.研究结果表明,桉树林土壤水稳性团聚体的分形维数与土壤水稳性团聚体含量及理化性质呈显著回归关系,土壤水稳性团聚体含量与分形维数呈负相关.造林密度为1 325株/hm2的桉树林土壤水稳性团聚体的分形维数最小,林地水稳性团聚体含量最高,土壤结构和稳性性最好.分形理论在林地土壤肥力研究上的应用为林地评价提供了新方法.     

沙尘暴过程中沙尘对流层-平流层输送的数值模拟初步分析

在初步明确东亚沙尘气溶胶对流层-平流层输送监测事实的基础上,利用观测资料、NCEP再分析资料以及基于中尺度天气模式MM5的数值模拟方法,对一次蒙古气旋沙尘暴过程中沙尘对流层-平流层输送问题进行了初步分析.结果表明:斜压不稳定是本次蒙古气旋发展的主要强迫要素,伴随气旋发展成熟,高空切断低涡的形成引导高空急流下落并诱发对流层顶折叠和高空位涡下传.对流层顶折叠区呈漏斗状,底部达500 hPa左右.高空急流产生近似垂直的下落,并在高空切断低涡的南侧和东侧达到最强.在对流层顶折叠区周边的300-500 hPa,上升气流与低涡区偏西、偏南、偏东气流叠加,或水平横穿折叠的对流层顶,或斜升并准垂直地穿过下落的对流层顶到达平流层,且随时间的推移,空气质点能够进一步抵达平流层中部(100 hPa).轨迹分析表明,沙尘天气区对流层低层的空气质点在气旋涡旋上升气流的驱动下呈气旋式盘旋上升,并在对流层高层形成分支,一支穿过对流层顶到达平流层,并在平流层向下游进行反气旋式螺旋运动,另一支则留在对流层高层并向下游进行准水平的气旋式螺旋运动.在高空位涡下传过程中,主要产生平流层到对流层的净输送;高空位涡停止下传之后则出现对流层到平流层的净输送,且强度随时间呈指数型增长.这一特征有利于形成更强的沙尘对流层平流层输送.     

Temporal and Spatial Scale Dependence of Precipitation Analysis over the Tropical Deep Convective Regime

Data from Goddard cumulus ensemble model experiment are used to study temporal and spatial scale dependence of tropical rainfall separation analysis based on cloud budget during Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment(TOGA COARE).The analysis shows that the calculations of model domain mean or time-mean grid-scale mean simulation data overestimate the rain rates of the two rainfall types associated with net condensation but they severely underestimate the rain rate of the rainfall type associated with net evaporation and hydrometeor convergence.     

EFFECTS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND ITS DIURNAL VARIATION ON DIURNAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL: A PARTITIONING ANALYSIS BASED ON SURFACE RAINFALL BUDGET

The effects of sea surface temperature(SST) and its diurnal variation on diurnal variation of rainfall are examined in this study by analyzing a series of equilibrium cloud-resolving model experiments which are imposed with zero large-scale vertical velocity.The grid rainfall simulation data are categorized into eight rainfall types based on rainfall processes including water vapor convergence/divergence,local atmospheric drying/moistening,and hydrometeor loss/convergence or gain/divergence.The rainfall contributions of the rainfall types with water vapor convergence are insensitive to the increase in SST from 27°C to 29°C during the nighttime,whereas they are decreased during the daytime.The rainfall contributions of the rainfall types with water vapor convergence are decreased as the SST increases from 29°C to 31°C but the decreases are larger during the nighttime than during the daytime.The rainfall contributions of the rainfall types with water vapor convergence are decreased by the inclusion of diurnal variation of SST with diurnal difference of 1°C during the nighttime,but the decreases are significantly slowed down as the diurnal difference of SST increases from 1°C to 2°C.The rainfall contributions of the rainfall types with water vapor convergence are insensitive to the inclusion of diurnal variation of SST during the daytime.     

永久散射体干涉测量技术在首都机场的应用

采用永久散射体干涉测量技术,结合2003—2009年间28幅Enviast卫星的ASAR影像,分两次监测首都机场地面沉降情况。试验结果表明,首都机场及其附近区域存在着地表形变。在监测的时间区间内,T1、T2航站楼有下降趋势,年均形变量约为10 mm;T3航站楼有上升趋势,且呈现出不均匀状态。     

Effects of sea surface temperature, radiation, cloud microphysics, and diurnal variations on vertical structures of tropical tropospheric temperature: a two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving modeling study

The effects of sea surface temperature (SST), radiation, cloud microphysics, and diurnal variations on the vertical structure of tropical tropospheric temperature are investigated by analyzing 10 two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving model simulation data. The increase of SST, exclusion of diurnal variation of SST, and inclusion of diurnal variation of solar zenith angle, radiative effects of ice clouds, and ice microphysics could lead to tropical tropospheric warming and increase of tropopause height. The increase of SST and the suppression of its diurnal variation enhance the warming in the lower and upper troposphere, respectively, through increasing latent heat and decreasing IR cooling. The inclusion of diurnal variation of solar zenith angle increases the tropospheric warming through increasing solar heating. The inclusion of cloud radiative effects increases tropospheric warming through suppressing IR cooling in the mid and lower troposphere and enhancing solar heating in the upper troposphere. The inclusion of ice microphysics barely increases warming in the mid and lower troposphere because the warming from ice radiative effects is nearly offset by the cooling from ice microphysical effects, whereas it causes the large warming enhancement in the upper troposphere due to the dominance of ice radiative effects. The tropopause height is increased mainly through the large enhancement of IR cooling.     

与广东持续性干旱事件有关的两类海温异常型

利用1961\_2005年广东省86个常规地面观测站降水资料、 ERSST全球月平均海温资料以及NCEP/NCAR 大气多要素再分析资料, 分析了广东跨季节持续性干旱事件(下称广东干旱)与海温外强迫之间的关系及其物理过程。结果表明, 与广东干旱相关的海温异常有赤道东太平洋海温负异常型（即La Nia型）、 赤道中太平洋海温正异常型两种类型。约在1975年之前, 广东干旱基本上属于La Nia型; 在1975年之后, 除了La Nia型外, 赤道中太平洋海温正异常型干旱出现概率明显增加。可见, 在全球气候变暖的背景下, 广东干旱成因更复杂。近几年来广东干旱频繁发生, 与赤道中太平洋海温正异常型出现概率增加有关。La Nia型、 赤道中太平洋海温正异常型与广东干旱之间都存在物理上的联系, 不同的海温异常型对广东干旱影响的物理过程有所不同, 即使同一种海温异常型对不同季节的影响过程也有所不同, 然而所有物理过程最终都是通过改变和削弱降水所需的动力条件或水汽条件, 从而造成局地干旱的发生。     

蕉岭县近40年气温及降水的气候特征

从蕉岭县气象局1966～2005年,历年和各季的平均气温、平均最高气温、最低气温和降水量资料入手,分析探讨其气候变化趋势和特征。结果表明：近40年蕉岭县气温呈波动上升趋势,经历了冷暖期交替的过程,不同季节气温的变化趋势不同。年降水变差系数较小,逐年降水量较稳定。而春季和夏季的降水量呈上升趋势,秋季和冬季的降水量则逐年下降。降水的年变化趋势与气温变化之间有反位相关系。