气象卫星发展回顾与展望

回顾了国际气象卫星和中国风云气象卫星的发展,综述了气象卫星在图像解译、定量产品应用和数据同化方面的成就以及辐射校正技术的进步。围绕大气科学,特别是数值天气预报对天基观测的需求,展望了未来气象卫星的技术发展方向。     

Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Heavy Precipitation Forecasts fromECMWF in Eastern China

This study examines the spatio-temporal characteristics of heavy precipitation forecasts in eastern China fromthe European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) using the time-domain version of the Method forObject-based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE-TD). A total of 23 heavy rainfall cases occurring between 2018 and 2021 areselected for analysis. Using Typhoon “Rumbia” as a case study, the paper illustrates how the MODE-TD method assessesthe overall simulation capability of models for the life history of precipitation systems. The results of multiple tests withdifferent parameter configurations reveal that the model underestimates the number of objects’ forecasted precipitationtracks, particularly at smaller radii. Additionally, the analysis based on centroid offset and area ratio tests for differentclassified precipitation objects indicates that the model performs better in predicting large-area, fast-moving, and long lifespan precipitation objects. Conversely, it tends to have less accurate predictions for small-area, slow-moving, and short lifespan precipitation objects. In terms of temporal characteristics, the model overestimates the forecasted movement speedfor precipitation objects with small-area, slow movement, or both long and short lifespans while underestimating it forprecipitation with fast movement. In terms of temporal characteristics, the model tends to overestimate the forecastedmovement speed for precipitation objects with small-area, slow movement, or both long and short lifespans while un derestimating it for precipitation with fast movement. Overall, the model provides more accurate predictions for theduration and dissipation of precipitation objects with large-area or long-lifespan (such as typhoon precipitation) whilehaving large prediction errors for precipitation objects with small-area or short-lifespan. Furthermore, the model’s simu lation results regarding the generation of precipitation objects show that it performs relatively well in simulating thegeneration of large-area and fast-moving precipitation objects. However, there are significant differences in the forecastedgeneration of small-area and slow-moving precipitation objects after 9 hours.     

绿潮生物学机制研究

绿潮发生机制极其复杂,但其核心机理是绿潮暴发时漂浮"藻席"中的浒苔快速形成巨大生物量,涉及浒苔生物学过程对环境的响应及其生理生化基础。为此,本文在已有研究报道的基础上,对浒苔生活史研究进行了充分的理论补遗;分析了漂浮"藻席"中浒苔生长与繁殖过程,认为该过程是绿潮生物量形成的关键;阐述了浒苔孢子囊形成是对富营养化背景下海水溶解无机氮(DIN)中硝态氮高占比的响应,认为一氧化氮分子可促进浒苔营养细胞向孢子囊的转化;解析了浒苔细胞对逆境因子的响应途径与机制。基于已有的研究成果,本文对浒苔引发绿潮的生物学过程进行了理论推定。人为或自然因素使固着浒苔处于漂浮状态,形成小规模"藻席";富营养化背景下海水DIN中硝态氮占比的升高赋予了浒苔巨大的繁殖潜能,漂浮过程溶解无机碳(DIC)"充裕"和"不足"两个阶段的交替以及食藻动物啃食产生的藻片段使孢子囊形成比例大幅提升;孢子原位萌发等使释放的孢子在"藻席"中获得了附着基,个体数目随之指数增长;结合漂浮浒苔的高生长速率,"藻席"规模不断扩大,短时间内形成巨大生物量。同时,本文还对今后的绿潮研究提出一些建议,认为啃食动物在浒苔生物量消长过程中发挥重要作用,在漂浮"藻席"系统中扮演着"生态引擎"的功能,同时系统阐明浒苔孢子的原位萌发等现象的生物学机理应该是未来绿潮的重要研究内容。     

海绵铁对活性艳红K-2BP废水的脱色动力学研究

为了开发新型的脱色填料,进行海绵铁对活性艳红K-2BP的脱色动力学研究。试验结果表明,海绵铁对活性艳红K-2BP具有较高的脱色率,在10min,30min和60min脱色率分别为58.78%,85.2%和93.89%。在海绵铁表面衰减分析的基础上,建立了脱色动力学模型,并研究了pH值、温度、粒径和投加量对反应速度常数K和表面衰减系数Ka的影响。     

利用UNIX平台对多波束测深系统进行监测

根据多波束测深系统存在着“工作站有时会停机”和“测深软件有时会退出”的问题,利用UNIX中的SHELL编写了两个程序,它们可以对多波束测深系统可能出现的故障进行实时监测。     

三沙湾海域沉积物中甲藻休眠孢囊的初步研究

通过对福建三沙湾海域50个站位海底沉积物进行研究，共发现9属20种甲藻休眠孢囊。其中，有毒种类2种：Alexandrium minutun、A.tamarense,有害种类4种：Alexandrium affine、Gonyaulax spinifera、Lingulodinium polyedraum、Scripp-siella trochoidea。文中对孢囊的形态与丰度、分布特征进行了初步研究。     

黄河源地区水文水资源及生态环境变化研究

本文通过实地查勘调查、依据多年积累的原型观测资料，在分析可源地区基本情况、水文气候特征的基础上，揭示了近年来黄河源地区水文水资源及生态环境变化的特点；解答了这种变化所产生的结果和影响；得出了在河源地区封山育林植草，涵养水源，防止水土流失的初步对策；提出了河源地区水资源开发利用纳入全河统一调度、开发、利用规划的建议；以期找出对付生态环境恶化的根本途径。     

东海西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带烃源岩生排烃史研究

为了深化西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带油气成藏过程的研究，优化勘探目标选择，在烃源岩特征分析的基础上，应用动态数值模拟技术，定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的生排烃历史，研究表明，浙东中央背斜带主要发育4套烃源岩系，其中始新统平湖组泥岩与煤层为主力烃源岩，具较高的有机质丰度=生烃强度与排烃效率，烃类排出具阶段性、多期次幕式排烃的特点汉平湖组为源岩的油气系统应是本区油气勘探的主要目标。     

Trial and Numerical Analysis of Specimen Pipelay

Subsea pipelay has a relatively long history. In recent years, there has been a domestic need for the laying of large diameter thin wall pipes. A land-based trial for the large diameter thin wall specimen pipe is described in this paper. Re-gression analysis is performed for the trial data and the formula derived can express the trial data very well. Numerical analysis is adopted to compute various trial conditions. Then the numerical model is revised with the trial results, which are consistent with each other. After summarization of the results of trial and numerical analysis, the characteristics are described of the spatial configuration during the laying of the pipe and it is concluded that the maximum strain appears around the center of the raised pipeline. In the end, a reference Standard, which limits the maximum stress below the yield stress is provided.