嘉峪关典型土遗址裂缝变形气温响应特征研究

裂隙、冲沟、掏蚀、片状剥离等是中国西北地区土遗址发育典型病害,为探求土遗址本体及其赋存环境变化的内在本质规律,开展土遗址变形监测的研究与实践至关重要。以嘉峪关土遗址烽火台裂缝1号、2号为研究对象,通过分析2016年裂缝变形和环境气温监测数据,寻找其响应关系,探索环境气温影响裂缝发育的规律;利用相关性分析、归一化处理数据,结合支持向量机(SVM)机器学习方法对裂缝发展趋势进行预测,为土遗址裂缝发育趋势研究提供理论依据。     

Indosinian Tectonic Setting of the Southern Yidun Arc： Constraints from SHRIMP Zircon Chronology and Geochemistry of Dioritic Porphyries and Granites

A mass of granitoid and dioritic intrusions are distributed in the southern Yidun Arc, among which the representative Indosinian intrusions include the Dongco and Maxionggou granitoid intrusions in Daocheng County and hypabyssal intrusions intruding into arc volcanic rocks near the Xiangcheng town. The Dongco and Maxionggou granitoid intrusions consist mainly of porphyraceous monzogranites, megacryst monzogranites and aplite granites. The Xiangcheng hypabyssal intrusions are composed dominantly of dioritic porphyries. SHRIMP zircon ages of 224±3 Ma and 222±3 Ma have been obtained for the Dongco granitoid intrusion and the Xiangcheng dioritic porphyries, respectively. The Xiongcheng dioritic porphyries show a cak-alkaline geochemical feature, and are characterized by higher Sr/Y ratios, depletive Nb, Ta, P and Ti, enriched LILEs, and lower εNd (t) (= -3.27), suggesting that they might be derived from mantle source magmas that were obviously contaminated by continent crustal materials. However, the Dongco and Maxionggou granitoids belong to high-potassium calc alkaline series with a per-metaluminous feature, and are characterized by higher CaO/(∑FeO+MgO) and Al2O3/(∑FeO+ MgO) ratios, lower (La/Yb)n and Sr/Y ratios, depletive Nb, Ta, Sr, P and Ti, enriched LILEs, and very low εNd (t) (= -8.10), indicating that the granitoids might be derived from partial melting of continental crust materials mainly of graywacke. Petrogenesis of Dongco and Maxionggou granitoids implies that there was an oceanic crust between the Zongza continental block (ZCB) and western margin of the Yangtze Craton (WMYZC). And the oceanic crust slab subducted westward during the Indosinian Epoch, producing an Andes-type continent marginal arc and a back arc basin at the WMSCC. Then the oceanic basin closed and a sinistrally lateral collision occurred at ca. 224 Ma-222 Ma between the ZCB and the WMYZC, causing partial melting of sediments in the back-arc basin to generate granitoid magmas of the Dongco and Maxionggou intrusions.     

A New Magnetically Active Binary System Discovered in Yunnan-Hong Kong Wide Field Survey

We present a newly discovered magnetically active binary system detected by Yunnan-Hong Kong wide field survey, with an orbital period of 0.60286 days. Two color photometry for the system was performed using the 1 m Cassegrain telescope of Yunnan Observatories with its CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) camera. In the observed light curves, there are clearly different light maxima existed in the out-of-eclipse regions. We made spectroscopic observations for the binary system using the 2.4 m telescope and YFOSC (Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera) of Lijiang station of Yunnan Observatories, China. The radial velocity curve was derived for primary star of the binary system. The primary star exhibited strong chromospheric activity, which confirms that the distortion of the light curves results from the starspot activity on the primary star. Through analyzing the light curves and RV (Radial Velocity) curve mentioned above by means of the W-D (Wilson-Devinney) code, orbital parameters and starspot configuration of the binary system are obtained. Finally, we have discussed the properties of the binary system, and given the prospects on the future work.     

犯罪时空预测方法研究综述与展望

犯罪时空预测作为预测警务的核心支撑技术,自2000年左右至今得到了快速的发展.本文介绍了犯罪时空预测的实践背景和理论基础,将犯罪时空预测解构为利用历史案件的时空位置、时空环境和个体行为等要素,结合相应的算法模型预测未来案件时空分布的过程.然后,从输入要素的视角对当前的犯罪时空预测方法进行了总结和归纳,将其划分为基于案件...     

冻结基面变化对水位资料的影响分析

阐述了天津地区冻结基面变化的原因,分析了冻结基面变化对绝对基面订正带来的使用问题,提出了对历史水位资料应通过测量、考证、调查等方法找出逐时段冻结差的建议,用以对水文测站冻结基面的水位资料的使用及订正提供参考。     

贵州山区降水集中度和降水集中期的时空变化特征

利用1961~2015年贵州省81个气象观测站的逐日降雨资料,计算了降水集中度(PCD)和集中期(PCP),并采用线性趋势、空间分析、M-K突变检验和R/S分析等方法 ,对贵州山区复杂地形下的降水集中度和降水集中期进行了分析。结果表明:贵州1961~2015年PCD波动幅度介于0.30~0.59之间,空间分布上由东向西逐渐增加的趋势,PCP的波动范围在16.5~21.0旬之间,空间呈现出由东南向西北逐渐增加的趋势;PCD与降水量的相关性高于PCP与降水量的相关性,表明贵州地区的降水量越多,降水越趋于集中;R/S分析表明贵州地区PCD可能隐含着周期规律,PCP会保持提前的趋势。     

基于原状土蒸渗仪的潜水蒸发昼夜变化及差异性比较

为探究潜水蒸发昼夜变化及差异,利用五道沟水文实验站蒸渗仪群,进行了砂姜黑土和黄潮土两种代表土壤裸地及种植小麦和玉米三种情景下的实验。结果表明:有作物时,不同需水阶段昼夜潜水蒸发差异明显。需水大时,受蒸腾作用影响,潜水蒸发较大,两种土壤均为白天大于夜间。玉米生长初期需水小,但夏季白天气温较高,均为白天大于夜间。而小麦生长初期,冬季气温低,砂姜黑土昼夜差异不明显,各有大小,黄潮土则为夜间较大。裸土时,黄潮土受夜间水汽凝结及白天毛管断裂影响明显,夜间会大于白天。砂姜黑土则反之。     

满洲里—新巴尔虎右旗地区满克头鄂博组形成的时限与古气候环境

大兴安岭西侧满洲里—新巴尔虎右旗地区广泛分布的满克头鄂博组缺乏古生物化石和年代学方面的系统研究,因此地层形成时代上存在争议,形成的古气候环境不明。本次在野外地质调查中,在满克头鄂博组发现了Nestoria(尼斯托叶肢介)化石和Cedripites-Piceaepollenites-Psophosphaera孢粉组合,其形成时代为晚侏罗世晚期,也指示了其形成的古气候环境为亚热带、半湿润-湿润气候。在该组中上部流纹岩中获得锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为156.61±0.96Ma,结合古生物化石年代学特征,确定满克头鄂博组形成于晚侏罗世中晚期;同时,满克头鄂博组中流纹岩的锆石U-Pb年龄(156.61±0.96Ma)指示以Nestoria为代表的叶肢介化石带时限为启莫里阶。     

华南南华纪南沱冰期海洋环境的沉积地球化学记录——来自黔东部南华系南沱组白云岩碳氧同位素和微量元素的证据

新元古代"雪球地球"事件代表地球经历的极端气候条件,对其后的大气和海洋氧化、生物地球化学循环和真核生物的演化都产生了深远的影响。然而同冰期化学沉积岩的缺乏,严重制约了对冰期海洋环境的了解。笔者等在贵州松桃地区一钻孔岩芯南华系南沱组中采集到一套同冰期白云岩,为南沱冰期海洋环境研究提供了理想材料。岩芯中白云岩层位于南沱组下部,夹持于两套杂砾岩、粉砂质泥岩组合中间,厚度1.61 m。偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察表明岩性为微晶白云岩。采用Delta V Advantage稳定同位素质谱仪分析白云岩的碳、氧同位素,测定结果为:δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)在-16.97‰～-8.37‰之间,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)在-9.68‰～-8.42‰之间,与冰期前后碳同位素组成对比,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)具显著低负值特征。电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)微量元素分析结果表明:白云岩样品中铁、锰含量很高,铁含量的平均值约为92867×10~(-6),锰含量的平均值约为10644×10~(-6);Mn/Sr值较大,平均值约为26.89。综合碳、氧同位素的相关性及微量元素特征分析表明,南沱组同冰期白云岩碳同位素组成代表了原始的沉积记录。研究结果表明:①南沱组白云岩的出现反映了南沱冰期海洋中存在着开放的水体,这些开放水体为此时真核生物提供了重要的栖息场所。②南沱冰期海洋处于富铁缺氧的环境,白云岩中碳同位素低负值主要是甲烷厌氧氧化的结果。③同位素质量平衡计算表明,冰期海洋中较高比例的有机质埋藏和极其有限的大气-海洋气体交换导致了大气中氧浓度的升高。