Pedodiversity: a controversial concept

The concept of pedodiversity and its measurement methodology proposed and developed by Ibá?ez research term is introduced. An attempt to apply pedodiversity to analyze spatial soil variation and distribution patterns on the global scale is briefly demonstrated. Furthermore, constructive comments and criticisms on pedodiversity and its measurement from the noted pedologists and ecologists are outlined. Finally, potential applications of pedodiversity in soil science and other relevant disciplines are discussed.     

基于ICL8038的FSK调制器设计方案

介绍了INTERSIL公司的精密压控函数发生器ICL8038的特点、原理、设计,同时论述了基于该器件的FSK调制器设计方案     

江苏省夏季暴雨的时空变率特征及其与不同类型ENSO的联系

利用1961—2016年江苏省70个站点的逐日降水资料和暴雨定义,分析了江苏省半个世纪以来暴雨发生的年代际时空变化特征,并分析了不同分布型El Nino发展年份对江苏省夏季降水和暴雨的影响特征。结果表明江苏省暴雨主要集中在6—8月,暴雨日数占全年的73.6%,尤其又以7月为最多;暴雨总的分布特点为苏北多于苏南,淮北西北部及苏南东部最少;江苏暴雨发生频次具有明显的年代际变化,且各地区暴雨的年代际变化有一定差异,频发期为1960s、1990s至今,尤其是1990s以来,全省暴雨增多趋势明显,且2011年之后雨带明显南移;东部型El Nino发展年份较中部型El Nino年份的环流形势更有利于导致江苏夏季降水偏多,尤其是沿江苏南地区与常年同期均值有显著性差异。     

Geochemical patterns from local to global

The historical development of geochemical exploration is, in a sense, a process of progressive enlargement of areal coverage by exploration projects and progressive widening of sampling space. Along with this process, a hierarchy of geochemical patterns from small to large is gradually discovered and understood. In this paper, we try to summarize systematically the whole hierarchy of geochemical patterns from local, regional, provincial, megaprovincial to global, using examples obtained in China.Local anomalies (various types of dispersion halos, trains and fans) within areas not exceeding a few km², can be delineated when sampling is done with very close intervals in limited areas. Regional anomalies within areas of tens to hundreds km² and threshold values lower than local anomalies can be identified only when large areas of more than thousands of km² are mapped with wider space sampling. Geochemical provinces with areas of thousands or tens of thousands of km² can be discovered if even larger areas, of more than tens or hundreds of thousands of km², are covered with very low density sampling. More than millions of km² should be covered in order to discover geochemical megaprovinces somewhere in the world. Such megaprovinces are often associated with extraordinarily large mineral resources. If ultra-low density geochemical mapping can be carried out across national boundaries on a continental or global scale, we could find even broader geochemical patterns which will reflect the global tectonic features.The classification of geochemical patterns according to their sizes is necessary because it will be extremely useful in planning sampling layout in order to hit targets of certain size ranges. This in turn is arranged in different geochemical projects for achieving specific aims.     

地磁场结构对静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子分布的影响

基于AE8电子辐射带模式和各地磁场模式,本文系统分析了地磁场模式、太阳风、地磁扰动、地磁轴指向对静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子分布的影响以及静止轨道不同经度位置≥2 MeV高能电子分布的差异,并与GOES系列卫星实测结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,AE8+IGRF+T96模式所得静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子分布结果优于AE8+IGRF+OPQ77模式或AE8+IGRF+T89模式结果,其大部分定性结果与GOES系列卫星观测结果较为一致,AE8+IGRF+T96模式所得静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子分布与磁壳参量Lm、局地磁场B分别呈较好的负和正相关性.基于AE8+IGRF+T96模式得到在相同太阳风及地磁扰动条件下2010年每分钟静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子通量分布结果,经分析得到：1年内每个时刻静止轨道上≥2 MeV高能电子通量最大值和最小值比值变化范围为2.50~7.51,变化主周期为1天,每天比值变化量都超过3;1年内静止轨道各经度位置每天内≥2 MeV高能电子通量最大值和最小值比值变化范围为2.98~6.00,比值随着时间和经度位置而变化;1年内同一天静止轨道各经度位置≥2 MeV高能电子日积分通量最大值出现在170°W附近,最小值出现在70°W附近,最大值与最小值的比值分布在1.86~2.13之间.以上所得静止轨道≥2 MeV高能电子分布变化主要来自Lm变化,B/B₀的影响小于5%,其中B₀为磁力线上磁场最小值.因此,在构建≥2 MeV高能电子分布模式时,需要考虑地磁场结构的影响,特别是Lm参数.     

Recent advances in geochemical exploration in China

This paper outlines the recent advances in geochemical exploration in China.The Regional Geochemistry—National Reconnaissance (RGNR) Project first proposed in 1978, continues to be the focus of geochemical exploration activities in China. Several rapid quantitative multi-element analysis systems using conventional equipment available in most Chinese geological laboratories, have been developed. Eight Geochemical Standard Reference Samples of Drainage Sediments were prepared. Large-scale orientation or pilot surveys are being carried out by nearly 2/3 of the provincial geological bureaus in China. Methods of regional and follow up surveys for high and cold mountainous terrain have been worked out.Special attention has been given to the improvement and application of mercury vapour detection techniques. A new sampler was used to enhance anomalous values. A new Zeeman effect mercury detector was constructed and tested in routine analysis of mercury. Experiments of the application of soil gas mercury survey in petroleum and uranium prospecting are briefly described.Some examples of recent geochemical success in China are given.     

河北省金的矿源层和地球化学块体

以区域化探岩石和水系沉积物测量成果为依据,讨论河北省范围内Au矿源层的地球化学判别、岩浆热液型金矿成矿过程的地球化学推导、Au的地球化学块体以及水系沉积物区域地球化学异常特征等问题.地层标准剖面和典型侵入体系统的岩石地球化学调查表明,在Au矿源层和非矿源层之间,w(Au)差异很小,以其作为判别标准是不可行的,但H2O ,CO2,S,Cl,F,Hg等组分却存在显著差异,据此提出一个新的矿源层--中新元古界碳酸盐岩.Au的区域地球化学背景研究显示,密云-青龙、怀安-崇礼-赤城、平泉和阜平-赞皇等地区存在着地球化学块体,而水系沉积物地球化学异常分布与这些块体基本一致,相互对应.     

IMU/DGPS supported photogrammetry in China

<正>People'sRepublicofChinaisoneofthemostrapidlydevelopingcountriesintheworldtoday.Thereisagreatdemandonhighlyactualandaccuratespatialinformationofthewholecountry,especiallyofWestChinawhichbecomesthefocusofdevelopmentoftheChinesegovernmentrightnowandinthenextyears,butwherestillnotenoughtopographicmapsareavailable.ThisraisesgreatchallengestothesurveyingandmappingcommunityinChina.FacingthenewchallengestheChineseAcademyofSurveyingandMapping(CASM)starteditspioneerworkearly2002toexplorenewtechniquesandtechnologiesavailabletodaytowardincreasingthemapproductivity.WithimportofaCCNS/AEROcontrolsysteminNovember2002,thefirstDGPS/IMU-basedphotogrammetricprojectinChinawassuccessfullyaccomplishedjointlybyCASM,theGermany-basedcompaniesIGIandTechedge.Twophotogrammetricblocksof1:4,000and1:20,000photoscales,respectively,wereflowninAnyang,China.Directgeoreferencingandintegratedsensororientationwereconducted.Resultsachievedwereprovenbyusinggroundcheckpointsandcomparedwiththoseofaerialtriangulation.Orthophotosgeneratedbasedondir     

星载SAR干涉测量生成DEM的软件研制

介绍了SAR干涉测量生成DEM的软件的设计思想和开发过程中涉及到的主要技术,给出了使用该软件生成德国波恩地区的DEM的过程及相应的评价.     

高光谱中的Hughes现象与低通滤波器的运用

由于高光谱图像具有很高的光谱分辨率，能够提供更为丰富的地面信息，正在受到国内外的广泛关注。针对高光谱分析过程中产生的Hughes现象，分析了其产生的原因，指出可以在图像预处理阶段对样本进行低通滤波，有效地削弱这种影响。