乌兰巴托以西断裂活动时代的光释光年代学研究

蒙古乌兰巴托周边发育了多条活动断裂.以乌兰巴托以西的Emeeh和Hustai断裂为例,对相关断层开挖探槽,进行年代学研究.结果表明,Emeeh断裂以走滑运动为主,根据剖面错断地层和其上覆、下伏地层的光释光年代学研究结果,推断出该断层最新活动时间介于距今(9.6±1.0)ka和(11.3±1.3)ka之间;对Hustai断裂开挖的新鲜剖面显示其为正断层,通过分析错断地层和其上覆堆积物的光释光定年结果,推断该断裂最新活动时间介于距今(0.87±0.08) ka和(24.2±4.9) ka之间,且可能更接近距今(0.87±0.08)ka.     

Numerical analysis for contribution of the Tibetan Plateau to dust aerosols in the atmosphere over the East Asia

Although the Tibetan Plateau is widely thought as a potential dust source to the atmosphere over East Asia,little is known about the temporal changes of Tibetan dust activities and Tibetan dust source strength.In this study,we address these two issues by analyzing dust storm frequencies and aerosol index through remote sensing data and by means of numerical simulation.The findings indicate that monthly dust profiles over the Tibetan Plateau vary significantly with time.Near the surface,dust concentration increases from October,reaches its maximum in February March,and then decreases.In the middle to upper troposphere,dust concentration increases from January,reaches its maximum in May June,and decreases thereafter.Although Tibetan dust sources are important contributors to dust in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau,their contribution to dust in the troposphere over eastern China is weaker.The contribution of Tibetan dust sources to dust in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau decreases sharply with height,from 69% at the surface,40% in the lower troposphere,and 5% in the middle troposphere.Furthermore,the contribution shows seasonal changes,with dust sources at the surface at approximately 80% between November and May and 45% between June and September;in the middle and upper troposphere,dust sources are between 21% from February to March and less than 5% in the other months.Overall,dust aerosols originating from the Tibetan Plateau contribute to less than 10% of dust in East Asia.     

江苏省地电阻率年变化及其差异性探讨

以江苏省江宁地震台、新沂地震台和海安地震台为例,归纳了江苏省地电阻率年变化特征的类型,并对地电阻率年变化差异性的原因做了探讨。通过反演计算指出地电阻率年变化差异性的原因主要是由各观测场地地下电性结构造成的,分析这种不同有益于解决在场地选择中如何得到一个规则年变的场地,以便更好地服务于地震预报的数据处理。     

Blooming of bacteria and algae is a biokiller for mass-extinction of Devonian coral-stromatoporoid reef ecosystems

Studies of rock slices showed that there were many kinds of symbioses between bacteria and algae and corals-stromatoporoids in the coral-stromatoporoid reefs from the Devonian Ganxi section of Sichuan and the Dushan section of Guizhou in South China. They included encrustations, microborings, bioclaustration, etc. In the host corals-stromatoporoids invaded by bacteria and algae were many residues of dead soft issue in the infected parts, where the skeletal structures were injured. Therefore, we considered there were direct interactions between corals-stromatoporoids and bacteria and algae in coral-stromatoporoid reefs, which included that bacteria and algae blocked growth of corals-stromatoporoids and the latter had the ability of self-healing. And the bacteria and algae usually was the active side. In the Middle Devonian with normal seawater condition, corals and stromatoporoids had the ability to resist the invasion of bacteria and algae, and the host coral-stromatoporoids would not be killed; but in the Late Devonian with deterioration of seawater quality, the ability of bacteria and algae infection increased while corals-stromatoporoids’ ability to resist infection declined, and therefore the host corals-stromatoporoids would be dead. Hence we suggested that the invading of bacteria and algae was a possible biokiller for mass-extinction of the Devonian coral-stromatoporoid reefs ecosystem. Beyond that, blooming of bacteria and algae and its triggering cumulative environmental effects played an important role in the reduction and extinction of metazoan in the Late Devonian. Furthermore, it can be used as a useful example to learn the trend and the reasons for the disease and decrease of modern coral reefs.     

跨断层形变的慢时变结构分析与异常识别初探

将自适应控制理论引入跨断层流动形变分析。利用甘肃及与宁夏、青海交界的监测区内石灰窑口、红柳峡、窝子滩、扁都口、南营5个场地典型观测曲线,构建慢时变前兆系统结构,研究其与6级左右及6级以上地震孕育-发生过程的可能关系。可显示震前中短期阶段最大特征根模1.0以上异常,异常识别较原始观测曲线分析减少了人为性与经验性,也反映出断层形变前兆系统结构的动态变化和自适应性。     

LiDAR数据与正射影像结合的三维屋顶模型重建方法

为提高三维屋顶模型重建的准确性与定位精度,本文集成机载LiDAR数据与正射影像,以“屋顶面片提取-屋脊线生成-三维屋顶重建”为框架,提出了三角形簇和三角形动态传播相结合的屋顶面片提取策略.基于LiDAR数据和影像的屋脊线精确提取算法,有效挖掘影像高分辨率特性和LiDAR数据高程点云特性的互补优势,实验证明了算法的优越性.     

利用ICA正交子空间投影加权的高光谱影像目标探测算法

提出了一种利用独立成分分析(ICA)正交子空间投影加权的高光谱影像目标探测方法。该方法从影像像元集合的独立成分入手,通过一种光谱相似性测度加权,赋予每个像素合适的权值,从而有效地解决从原始影像中无法正确提取背景数据而造成的虚警概率高的问题。实验结果表明,相比于经典的CEM方法,在相同的探测概率下,该方法能降低1.97%的虚警概率;与相关目标探测算法相比,所提出的算法具有较好的目标探测效果。     

新型对地观测多光谱激光雷达及其控制实现

提出新型对地观测多光谱激光雷达,采用556nm、660nm、705nm和785nm共4个波长,进行不同波长同时收发及扫描、测距设计,通过对扫描、测距及多光谱数据采集等操作的有效控制,实现了地物三维空间数据和多光谱数据的同步获取,并且通过地面实验对多光谱激光雷达的性能进行了展示,验证了系统设计及控制实现的可行性及优势。     

虚拟化技术及应用于地理国情普查的思考

为全面掌握地理国情现状,我国将进行地理国情普查。面对海量的数据处理和更加复杂的信息整合与应用,地理信息技术必须以更加智慧的姿态迎接挑战。"虚拟化"作为"智慧信息技术"的重要组成,已成为信息产业领域最受关注的新兴概念。基于地理国情普查的虚拟化针对的是地理信息资源,用户只是使用或接受服务,在虚拟环境中实现真实功能。虚拟化常见类型有网络虚拟化、服务器虚拟化、存储虚拟化、系统虚拟化、应用虚拟化等。虚拟化在地理国情普查工作中,在服务社会方面,将发挥更大的作用。     

龙门山断裂带南段应力状态与强震危险性研究

龙门山断裂带可分为南段、中段和北段,2008年汶川M8.0级地震发生在该断裂带中-北段. 龙门山断裂带南段是否存在发生强震的危险性倍受关注. 利用1977-2012年四川区域地震台网资料,获得了龙门山断裂带南段的地震活动性参数b值图像以及汶川地震前、后b值的差值Δb图像. 同时,根据宽频带数字地震波形资料,计算了2007年以来南段及附近区域M_L≥3.8级地震的视应力. 结果表明,2008年汶川地震后,龙门山断裂带南段天全-芦山、泸定和宝兴北部等区域应力增强,而靠近汶川余震区南端的大邑地区应力水平降低. 天全至宝兴段应力水平相对较高,具有发生中-强地震的条件. 鲜水河断裂带康定以南段应力水平低,短期内发生强震的可能性较小.